CONCRETE ADDITIVE AND

ADMIXETURE

SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY,

AR.VIKRAM SINGH ABHISHEK SINGH
BIPIN SHARMA
GARIMA SINGH
SAMRA RIZVI
 ADDITIVES
 Concrete additives are added to the mixture
of water cement and aggregate in small
quantities to increase the durability of
the concrete, to fix concrete behavior and to
control setting or hardening

 They are based on Sulphonated Naphthalene or Melamine FIBRE ADDITIVE

formaldehyde condensates, Vinyl polymers or
Polycarboxylate Ethers

USES OF ADDITIVE
These are used to speed the rate of early hydration of the
cement. Accelerating admixtures are especially useful for
modifying the properties of concrete in cold weather. Calcium
chloride (CaCl2) is the chemical most commonly used in
accelerating admixtures, especially for non-reinforced
concrete.
ADDITIVES &ADMIXTURES

• Concrete materials
-Cement
-Water
-Coarse and fine aggregates.
-Admixtures(optional).
• Added immediately before or during mixing
• Are used to improve or give special properties
to concrete

• Why are add mixtures used?

1. To accelerate or retard hydration or setting of
cement
2. To improve workability
3. As water proofers
4. As air-entraining agents
5. To produce colored concrete
 1.Air entraining
agents
• Objectives of entraining air in concrete are:
i. To increase workability :
a) More cohesive concrete
b) Less liable to segregation
c) Or bleeding-formation of water on surface after compaction.
d) Hence final finishing can be started immediately after
compaction.
ii. To increase resistance to weathering esp. to action of frost
a) Reduces the danger of surface scaling in frosty weather.

• Drawback of entrained air:

i. Reduction in strength of concrete.

• Hence used where a good surface finish and resistance to frost are more
important.
• Air entraining agents are 0.005 to 0.05 of 1% of the weight of cement
• Methods of incorporating air:
i. By use of gas forming agents like aluminium or zinc powder, hydrogen peroxide.
ii. By use of surface active agent which reduces surface tension.
iii. By use of cement dispersing agents.

• Effects of air entrainment:

i. the entrainment of air increases compacting factor.
ii. Maximum aggregate size is decreased with increase in amount of air entrainment
iii. Considerable reduction in water requirement
iv. Water cement ratio can be reduced even then concrete remains more workable
v. Increases resistance to freezing and thawing
vi. Minute dispersed air bubbles acting like expansion chambers, of stress and pressure-caused by
expansion of moisture on freezing.
vii. Increases the resistance of concrete to chemical attack
viii. Reduces risk of segregation during transport
ix. Enables percentage of sand to be kept low while making light weight concrete
2.Retarders

• Rate of chemical reaction decreases and setting time increases.

• Calcium sulphate in form of gypsum is generally added during manufacture of
cement
• 0.2% adding of sugar can extend the final setting time to 72 hours or more.
• 0.1% of sodiumhexametaphosphate can allow initial and final setting time of 12 to 13
hours
3.Accelerator
• Agents added to cement to make it set and acquire strength rapidly
• Use of accelerators is desirable as they:
i. Reduce form time
ii. Shorten curing time
• Most commonly used accelerator is calcium chloride(CaCl2)
• 2% of CaCl2 by weight of cement reduces initial setting time from 3 to 1 hours and final setting time
from 6 to 2 hours
• At 21⁰C it approximately doubles the 1 day strength.
• Disadvantages of calcium chloride:
i. If over 3% of it is added then there is instantaneous setting of cement.
ii. It impairs volume stability
iii. It increases the rate of heat liberation
iv. Drying shrinkage may be increased by 50%
• Aluminium chloride is used when concrete is required to set in a few minutes in order to stop water
seepage under pressure.
4. Water
proofers
• A waterproof concrete has to fulfill two functions:
i. To be impervious to water under pressure
ii. To resist absorption of water.

• Water proofers are obtained in powder paste or liquid forms

• Can consist pore filling or water repelling materials
• Pore filling materials:
i. Alkaline silicates are chief pore filling materials. They are chemically active hence accelerate
the setting time Thus making it more impervious at early stage.
ii. Talc in a very finely ground form is chemically inactive pore filler.
• Water repelling materials:
i. Soda and potash soaps are chemically active.
ii. Calcium soaps, resins, vegetable oils/fats, waxes are chemically inactive and pore blocking
agents.
5. Pozzolonas
• As mineral admixture we use FLY ASH(A waste material) directly, or indirectly as an
additive in
PORTLAND POZZOLANA cement.
• Siliceous Material and itself has no Cementitous Properties.
• Natural.
-Clay and Shales (needs to be calcined to be active)
-Volcanic tuffs and pumicites.
• Artificial
-Ground blast Furnace slag.
-Fly Ash.
• Advantages.
-Workability with less amount of water.
-Reduction in heat of hydration.
-Protection form Salts And Sulphates
-Preventionn of Calcium Hydroxide leaching.
• Disadvantages
-Strength Development is slowed.
-Drying, Shrinkage may be increased.

Construction of massive structures, has use of pollozonas because of saving of cement

cost and
reduction in heat of hydration.
• Fly Ash
-It reduces Segregation and Bleeding.
-When used in replacement of cement gives less compressive strength at 7 and 28 days,
becomes equal after 3 months.
6. Pigments
• Pigments are substances used to produce coloured cement.
• Pigments must be permanent and should not get affected by free lime in
concrete.

Chief Pigments Used in Concrete.

Brown- Ferrous Oxide and hydroxides and manganese

oxide. Black- Carbon Black, magnetic ferrous

oxide(gives purple tint) Red- naturally occurring red

oxides, gives variety of shades.

Green- Chromium Oxide and hydroxide are suitable and also produced

artificially. Blue- Barium Manganete.

Yellow- hydroxide of iron gives colour. Naturally/chemically produced yellow

ochres.
7. WorkabilityAgents
• They increase workability by increasing the amount of paste on concrete hence
aloows more cohesiveness.
• Larger amount requires mixing of water and leads to loss of strength.

• Classified into 3 chemical types.

-Lignosulphonates
-Organic acid
-Carbohydrates.