21st Century

Folksongs – informal expression of our ancestor’s experience in life

- Range from courtship, lullabies, harvests, funerals etc.
- Repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve
- Inspired by the people to their environment
Ex: Uyayi- lullaby Komintang-war song Kundiman- melancholic love song
Tagay – drinking song Harana- serenade Bahay-kubo – harvest/ planting

Proverbs - practical observations and philosophy of everyday life that usually in a rhyming scene
- Salawikain – entertain and teaching basic skill in surviving local life
Riddles – one or more measured line with rhymes
- Show Filipino wit, literary talent and keen observation of surroundings
- Involves 1 or 2 images that symbolize characteristics of unknown object that is to be guess
- Used in battle of wits
- Referring to something laughable, but in reality, it is serious
Tales
- Also known as myths and legends
- Stories of origin of certain places,names and creation
- Explain certain event or phenomena
Ex: Ifugao – Hudhud hi Aliguyon Ilocos – Biag ni Lamang Bicol – Ibalon
Mindanao – daranagan Panay – hinilawod Laguna – Mariang Makiling
Literature – formative past by various group of people who inhibited archipelago
- Varying human interest
- Close to religions and political organization of ancient Filipino
- Verses addressed to ears
- Composed and sung regarded by a group property
Spanish -not significant
- Some have practice by Filipino like passio,zarzuela, and moro-moro
Spanish Colonial – 1565 –literature start because of Miguel Lopez
-1521 in the PH
*Spaniards colonized the PH for more than 3centuries (300 years)
Doctrina Christiana ( 1593 )- the First book to be printed in the Philippines
- Prayerbook
LADINOS- Bilingual natives
Gaspar Aquino de Belen- the most gifted among the Ladinos
Ninay – first Filipino novel
FRANCISCO BALTAZAR - master of traditional Tagalog poetry
- Florante at Laura
JOSE RIZAL – national hero
- His two novels are Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo
CORRIDO - legendary religious narrative
AWIT - chivalric poem about a hero
PASYON - narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ
CENACULO -dramatization of the passion of Christ.
MORO-MORO or Comedia de Capa y Espada - blood-and thunder melodrama
CARILLO - play that uses shadows as its main spectacle
TIBAG - dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross
DUPLO or KARAGATAN - native dramas that are connected to Catholic mourning rituals
ZARZUELA - one of the most famous forms of entertainment back in the Spanish era
Carlos A. Angeles

 Born on May 25, 1921 in Tacloban City, Leyte

 Graduated from Rizal High in 1938
 Various universities in pre-med and pre-law
 One sem at Ateneo de Manila
 Two at UP in 1941 (member of the UP Writers’ Club)
 One quarter at Central Luzon Colleges
 Did not return to school after World War II
 1950 to 1958
 Chief of the Philippine bureau of International News Service
 1958 to 1980
 Guest of the US State Department on a Smith-Mundt leader grant
 Press assistant under the Garcia administration
 Public relations manager of Pan Am Airlines
 Board of directors of International PEN, Philippine chapter
 A Stun of Jewels
 1963
 47 poems
 In 1964, when poetry was first considered in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature,
received first prize
 Republic Cultural Heritage Award for Literature
 USA since 1978 with his family

Genre

 Philosophical (Existentialist)
 Lyric Poem

Word order - is either the natural or the unnatural arrangement of words

Poetry – in the Philippines is not different from its other counterpart around the world. In the early 1900s,
Filipino poetry celebrated romanticism, and several poems about love flourished.
Senses and images - used by writers to describe their impressions of their topic
Visual Imagery - see
Olfactory Imagery - smell
Gustatory Imagery - taste
Tactile Imagery - feel
Auditory Imagery - hear
Diction - denotative and connotative meaning of the words in a sentence, phrase, paragraph, or poem.
Rhyme Scheme - way of author arranges words, meters, lines, and stanzas to create coherent sound