Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan

73 Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro,

9000 Misamis Oriental

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

NCM 112

Assignment: Hypertension

Submitted by:
Marbella, Mariano Ponce B.

BSN 3 – NA

Submitted to:

Ma’am Renzi Pepito, RN

August 31, 2020

 1. Write a short report on the risk factors for hypertension.
The risk factors of hypertension include:
 Age
 Race
 Family history
 Weight
 Smoking
 Physical activity
Hypertension that has no identifiable cause is termed as Primary hypertension.
Hypertension that is caused by an underlying condition is termed as Secondary
hypertension. The risk of hypertension increases as an individual increases in age.
Race is also a risk factor. High blood pressure is particularly common among people
of African heritage, though the reason as to why remains unclear. The risk for high
blood pressure is also hereditary. Being overweight or obese also increases the risk
for developing hypertension due to the increased need to supply oxygen and
nutrients to the tissues. The increase in blood volume increases the pressure on the
artery walls. Tobacco immediately raises the blood pressure temporarily but its
chemicals can damage the lining of the artery walls which causes arteries to narrow.
People who are inactive tend to have a higher heart rate and the heart must work
harder to provide for the body. This stronger force causes pressure on the artery
walls.
2. Define normal BP and categories of abnormal pressures. Include a short
explanation of the differences between normal BP and hypertension.
Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg. Elevated blood pressure or pre-
hypertension has a systolic pressure between 120 – 129 mmHg and a diastolic
pressure below 80 mmHg. Stage 1 hypertension has a systolic pressure between
130 – 139 mmHg and a diastolic pressure between 80 – 89 mmHg. Stage 2
hypertension has a systolic pressure of 140 or higher mmHg and a diastolic pressure
of 90 or higher. A hypertensive crisis has a systolic pressure higher than 180 and a
diastolic pressure higher than 120.
3. Review medical and nursing management for the care of the patient with
hypertension.
Antihypertensive medication can decrease peripheral resistance, blood volume,
and the strength and rate of myocardial contraction. ACE inhibitors inhibit the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and lowers peripheral resistance and
beta blockers block the sympathetic nervous system to produce a slower heart rate
and lower blood pressure. The healthcare personnel must maintain or enhance the
patient’s cardiovascular functioning, prevent complications, and support active
patient control of condition. Encourage the patient to consult a dietitian to help
improve nutrient intake, emphasize the increase in intake of fruits and vegetables,
advise the patient to limit alcohol and tobacco consumption, and implement regular
physical activity.
 4. Using the Internet, research the complications associated with
hypertensive crises. A possible avenue to utilize is the website
www.clevelandclinicmeded.com
The complications associated with hypertensive crises include:
 Hypertensive encephalopathy
 Intracerebral/subarachnoid haemorrhage
 Cardiovascular dysfunction
 Renal failure