Stage 4 Mathematics

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Algebra:
[ 90 Equations
mins Maths ] &
STUDENT’S
Formulae | 1/2
WORKBOOK
Algebra | Part 1
Equations & Formulae

Student’s Name:

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 Algebra:
Equations and Formulae
Lesson One

Introduction
The aim of the 90 mins lesson of this topic are to enable students to
• solve simple linear equations

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• evaluate formulae
• solve algebraic word problems involving linear equations

Basic Concepts
1. An equation is a statement which contains two expressions that are equal.
E.g. 3𝑥 − 2 = 5, 6𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 8
2. When we solve equations, we find the value of the unknown or variable in the
equation.
E.g. 𝑥 = 8 is the solution to the equation 𝑥 − 3 = 5.
3. Equations with the same solution are called equivalent equations.
E.g. 2𝑥 + 3 = 11 and 3𝑥 = 12 are equivalent equations as 𝑥 = 4 is the solution to
both equations.

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Solving Equations
Steps to solve an equation:
1. Remove all brackets and simplify.
2. Eliminate the unknown term of the RHS (right-hand side) of the equation by
adding or subtracting the appropriate terms from both sides of the equation.
3. Eliminate the constant term on the LHS (left-hand side) of the equation by adding

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or subtracting the appropriate term from both sides of the equation.
4. Eliminate the coefficient of the unknown on the LHS by dividing both sides of the
equation by the coefficient.

Solving Equations with Fractions and Decimals

If an equation contains fractions, eliminate them by multiplying both sides of the equation
by the LCM of all the denominators. Then solve the resulting equations.

Evaluation of Formulae
A formula expresses a rule in algebraic terms. It uses variables to write instructions in
short form for performing a calculation. For example, to find the area of a rectangle, we
use the formula: 𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑏 or 𝑙𝑏. We have used the letter 𝐴 to stand for the area, 𝑙 for
the length and 𝑏 for the breadth.
This is a short form of a rule. In words, this rule can be written as: "the area of a rectangle
is equal to the product of its length and breadth".
If 𝑃 represents the perimeter of the rectangle, then we have 𝑃 = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏). If the value of
𝑙 and 𝑏 are known, we can find the values of 𝐴 and 𝑃.

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For example, if 𝑙 = 4 and 𝑏 = 3, then
𝐴 = 4 × 3 = 12
𝑃 = 2(4 + 3) = 14
The above example shows that if we know the values of 𝑙 and 𝑏, then we can find the
corresponding values of 𝐴 and 𝑃. We can also find the value of 𝑙 if 𝐴 and 𝑏 are given. This
is an example of the process of replacing letters by numbers and this process is called
substitution.

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 Consolidation Practice 1

1. Find the value of the unknown in each equation:

(a) 4𝑎 = −20 (b) −12𝑒 = 36 (c) −9𝑝 = 0
(d) 𝑥 − 7 = 0 (e) 𝑎 + 11 = 0 (f) 3𝑑 − 1 = 0
2. Solve the following equations:
(a) 2𝑥 + 15 = 27 − 4𝑥 (b) 15 − 5𝑥 = 24 − 8𝑥
(c) 2(𝑐 − 4) = 3(𝑐 − 2) (d) 3(2𝑎 + 3) = 4𝑎 + 3

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(e) 5𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4 (f) −𝑑 + 3𝑑 = 14
3. Solve the following equations and indicate whether they are identities.
(a) 5𝑥 − 7 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 7 (b) 6(𝑎 − 1) − 2(𝑎 + 3) = 4(𝑎 − 3)
(c) 5𝑥 + 7 = 4(𝑥 + 3) + 2𝑥 − 4 (d) 5𝑚 − 52 = 7(𝑚 + 2) + 2𝑚

Consolidation Practice 2

1. Solve the following equations:

3 3 5 1 2 𝑑 𝑑
(a) 𝑥− = (b) 2 𝑦 = 10 − 1 𝑦 (c) − =1
5 7 7 2 3 3 4
𝑛 𝑛 1 3 2−𝑚
(d) + = 30 (e) 𝑎−2= 𝑎+4 (f) 𝑚 + 2 = −2
2 3 2 5 3
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 1
(g) − − =2 (h) − + =3 (i) 𝑥+4=𝑥−
2 5 6 5 4 6 3 3

2. Solve the following equations, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures
where necessary:
(a) 0.2𝑥 = 0.5𝑥 + 3 (b) 3 + 0.4𝑥 = 1.9𝑥
(c) 2.3 − 0.3𝑥 = 1.7𝑥 + 2 (d) 3.5𝑥 − 7.8 = 1.6𝑥 − 0.2
(e) 5𝑥 + 1.6 = 7.5𝑥 + 3.2 (f) 4(0.7𝑥 + 1.3) = 8.6
(g) 5(0.6𝑥 + 3.4) = 3.5𝑥 (h) 1.2(2𝑥 − 3) = 1.45
(i) 2.4(𝑥 + 1) = 3.7𝑥 − 1.4 (j) 3.4(3𝑥 − 2) = 4.8𝑥 − 1.9
2𝑥−1 5(𝑥−1) 1 𝑥−1 𝑥+2 𝑥+8 2(𝑥+1) 5 2𝑥−1
3. (a) − = (b) + = (c) − 𝑥 =2−
2 3 2 3 5 15 3 9 6

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 Consolidation Practice 3
1
Take the values of 𝜋 as 3 , where necessary.
7
1
1. If 𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ, find 𝑉 when 𝐴 = 43 and ℎ = 6.
3
9𝑐
2. If 𝐹 = + 32, find 𝐹 when 𝑐 = 30.

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5
1
3. If 𝑆 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 , find 𝑆 when 𝑟 = 10 .
2

4. If 𝑇 = 𝜋(𝑅2 − 𝑟 2 ), find 𝑇 when 𝑅 = 4 and 𝑟 = 3.

𝑦 2 −𝑥𝑧
5. If 𝑎 = , find 𝑎 when 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7 and 𝑧 = 6.
5
𝑥+𝑦
6. If 𝑘 = , find 𝑥 when 𝑘 = 12 and 𝑦 = 4.
3
𝑣−𝑢 2 1
7. If 𝑡 = , find 𝑎 when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑢 = 1 and 𝑣 = 3 .
𝑎 3 2
1 3
8. If 𝑈 = 𝜋(𝑟 + ℎ), find 𝑟 when 𝑈 = 16 and ℎ = 2 .
2 4

9. If 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑔𝑠, find 𝑠 when 𝑣 = 20, 𝑢 = 10 and 𝑔 = 10.

𝑚 4
10. If = 𝑁, find 𝑞 when 𝑚 = 9, 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑁 = 1 .
𝑥+𝑞 5

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 ANSWERS

Consolidation Practice 1
1
1. (a) -5 (b) -3 (c) 0 (d) 7 (e) -11 (f)
3
2. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) -2 (d) -3 (e) 1 (f) 7
1
(d) −16

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3. (a) identity (b) identity (c) -1
2

Consolidation Practice 2
19 2 1
1. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 12 (d) 36 (e) -60 (f) −2
21 5 2
5
(g) 15 (h) 25 (i) 13
7
2. (a) -10 (b) 2 (c) 0.15 (d) 4 (e) -0.64 (f) 1.21
(g) 34 (h) 2.10 (i) 2.92 (j) 0.907
3
3. (a) 𝑥 = 1 (b) 𝑥 = 1 (c) 𝑥 = 3
8

Consolidation Practice 3
5
1. 86 2. 86 3. 1 386 4. 22 5. 5 6. 32 7. 1
6
1
8. 2 9. 15 10. 3
2

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