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Student name:
Campus:
The question booklet, the answer booklet and any other material given to you for the
examination must be handed to the examination Supervisor at the end of the examination.
No other examination aids are permitted.
QUESTION 1. (5 Marks)
Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question. Each question is worth one (1) mark. Answer all questions in the ANSWER
BOOKLET.
QUESTION 2 (8 Marks)
The Townsend Tractor Company manufactures small garden tractors on a highly
automated assembly line. Its costing system uses two cost categories, direct materials and
conversion costs. Each tractor must pass through the Assembly Department and the
Testing Department. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the production
process. Conversion costs are evenly added throughout production. The company uses the
weighted‐average cost method for unit calculations. Production information for April 2014
is below:
Data for Department A
Work‐in‐process, beginning inventory, 40% converted 400 units
Units started during April 1,200 units
Work‐in‐process, ending inventory, 80% converted 250 units
Costs for Department A
Work‐in‐process, beginning inventory
Direct materials $230,000
Conversion costs $220,000
Direct material costs added during April $700,000
Conversion costs added during April $1,175,000
REQUIRED:
a) Complete the production report for the month of April 2014. (6 marks)
b) What is the total cost of completed production transferred out during April?
(1 mark)
c) What is the total cost of ending work‐in‐process for April? (1 mark)
QUESTION 3 (11 Marks)
Jindabyne Snow and Ski Pty Limited sells two products, Product A and Product B. The costs
are as follows:
The company sells three units of Product A for each unit it sells of Product B. The company
has a tax rate of 30%.
REQUIRED:
a) What is the break‐even point in units for each product, assuming the sales mix is 3
units of Product A for each unit of Product B? (5 marks)
b) How many units of each product would be sold if the company desired an after‐tax
net profit of $152,250, using a tax rate of 30%? (3 marks)
c) Gusto and Oskar started the GO Restaurant two years ago. They rented a building,
bought equipment and hired two employees to work full time at a fixed monthly
salary. Utilities and other operating expenses remain fairly constant during each
month. The business has grown steadily with average sales increasing 1% a month
while profits are increasing at an even faster pace. They are afraid that one day
they will wake up to increasing sales but decreasing profits.
Using CVP terminology in your response; explain to Gusto and Oskar why the profits
have increased at a faster rate than sales. (3 marks)
QUESTION 4 (7 Marks)
Thredbo Valley Steel has two service departments, Plant Maintenance and Data
Processing. Plant Maintenance Department costs are allocated on the basis of budgeted
maintenance hours and Data Processing Department costs are allocated on the basis of the
computer time. Data on the budgeted costs are as follows:
Production
Support Departments
Departments
Plant Data
Machining Capping
Maintenance Processing
Budgeted Costs $350,000 $75,000 $225,000 $125,000
Budgeted maintenance hours ‐ 3,500 5,500 8,500
Computer time 600 ‐ 3,500 500
REQUIRED:
a) Using the direct method, what amount of Plant Maintenance costs will be allocated
to Machining? (1 Mark)
b) Using the direct method, what amount of Data Processing costs will be allocated to
Capping? (1 Mark)
c) Using the step‐down method, what amount of Data Processing costs will be
allocated to Machining (assuming Plant Maintenance costs are allocated first)?
(2 Marks)
d) Distinguish between the three methods of allocating the costs of support
departments to operating departments. (3 Marks)
Mark Matthews is the new manager of the materials storeroom for Hillside Manufacturing.
Mark has been asked to estimate future monthly purchase costs for part #4599, used in
two Hillside Manufacturing products. Mark has obtained the cost of purchase and quantity
data for the past nine months and this is summarised below:
a) The computer in Mark’s office is down and Mark has been asked to provide
immediately an equation to estimate the future purchase cost for part #4599. Mark
grabs a calculator and uses the high‐low method to estimate a cost equation. What
equation does Mark get? (2 marks)
b) Using the equation from a), calculate the future expected purchase cost for each of
the last three months of the year. (3 marks)
c) After a few hours Mark’s computer is fixed. Mark uses the first nine months of data
and regression analysis to estimate the relationship between the quantities purchased
and purchase costs of part #4599. The regression line Mark obtained is:
y = $48,271 + $3.93X
R2 = .09854
Use the regression results to calculate the expected purchase costs for October,
November and December. Compare the expected purchase costs to the expected
purchase costs calculated using the high‐low method in b). Which is a better fit? Why?
(5 marks)
Somersby Manufacturing produces circuit boards for the small electronics appliance
market. The following data reflect activity for the year 2014:
Costs incurred:
Purchases of direct materials (net) on credit $248,000
Direct manufacturing labour cost 160,000
Indirect labour 109,000
Depreciation, factory equipment 60,000
Depreciation, office equipment 14,000
Maintenance, factory equipment 40,000
Miscellaneous factory overhead 19,000
Rent, factory building 140,000
Advertising expense 180,000
Sales commissions 60,000
Inventories:
1 July, 2013 30 June, 2014
Direct materials $18,000 $22,000
Work in process 12,000 42,000
Finished goods 138,000 48,000
Somersby Manufacturing uses a normal costing system and allocates overhead to work in
process at a rate of $2.50 per direct manufacturing labour dollar. Indirect materials are
insignificant so there is no inventory account for indirect materials.
REQUIRED:
a) Prepare journal entries to record all the transactions for 2014, including an entry to
close out over or under allocated overhead to cost of goods sold.
QUESTION 7 (9 Marks)
The Oils’R’Us Corporation has the following budgeted sales for the next six month period:
Month Unit Sales
June 80,000
July 90,000
August 92,000
September 88,000
October 90,000
November 94,000
Finished goods inventory at the beginning of June was 20,000 units. Oils’R’Us plans to have
an inventory of finished products that equal 25% of the unit sales for the next month. Five
litres of materials, costing $12.00 per litre are required for each unit produced. Inventory
levels for materials are equal to 30% of the needs for the next month. Materials inventory
on 1 June was 120,000 litres.
REQUIRED:
a) Prepare a production budget in units for July, August and September (including a
total for the quarter) (2 Marks)
b) Prepare a purchases budget in litres for July, August and September and give total
purchases in both litres and dollars for each month. (5 Marks)
c) Describe the concept of Kaizen budgeting. (2 Marks)
Wizard Industries manufactures a single product employing a standard costing system to
plan and control its production. Based on producing 4,200 units per month, the current
standard material, labour and overhead cost to produce each unit is expected to be:
During August 4,000 units were actually produced and the actual costs for the month
are as follows:
Direct Materials Purchased: (40,000kg @ $1.05 per kg) $42,000
Direct Materials Issued 39,000kg
Direct Labour (16,600 hours @ $10.50 per hour) $174,300
Fixed Factory Overhead Incurred $16,500
Variable Factory Overhead Incurred $24,500
All variances are recognised as early as possible.
There is no opening or closing work in process.
REQUIRED:
(a) Calculate all variances for material, labour and overhead. (Show your
workings). (16 marks)
(b) From your workings above are there any variance(s) that management should
investigate? If so, give possible reasons for the variance(s) and what you could
do to reduce this variance(s) next year. (2 marks)
(c) Prepare the journal entry for the factory overhead variances for the month.
(2 marks)
MaxiBond Chemicals is a manufacturer of a high quality adhesive for the construction
industry. The company currently accounts for its products using the absorption costing. In
order to facilitate improvements in management reports, the firm is considering the
adoption of direct costing and has provided you with the following information for the
current year.
Absorption Costing Income Statement for the year ended 30 June 2014
$
Revenues (@ $5 per litre) 1,500,000
Cost of goods sold
Beginning inventory (@$3 per litre) 90,000
Direct material (@ $1 per litre) 320,000
Direct labour (@ $0.70 per litre) 224,000
Variable factory O/H (@ $0.30 per litre) 96,000
Fixed factory O/H (@ $1.00 per litre) 320,000 960,000
1,050,000
Less: Closing inventory 150,000
900,000
Less: Over‐applied factory overhead 15,000
Cost of goods sold 885,000
Gross profit margin 615,000
Operating costs
Variable marketing and administration costs (@ $1.20 per litre) 360,000
Fixed marketing and administrative 120,000
Total operating costs 480,000
Net Profit $135,000
Other information:
The unit cost in opening inventory was the same as the current unit cost
Actual fixed factory overhead incurred was $335,000
Actual variable factory overhead incurred was $66,000
REQUIRED:
a) Prepare an income statement using Direct Costing. (8 marks)
b) Reconcile the net profit above with the net profit you have calculated under Direct
Costing. (2 marks)
c) The direct costing method may be used for internal reporting only. Briefly describe one
benefit or advantage from using direct costing for internal reporting. (2 marks)
QUESTION 10 (6 Marks)
Kosciusko Trekking produces a light weight mountain bike for recreational mountain
biking. The company is currently operating at 80% capacity and the following financial data
applies to the production of the mountain bikes for the current year:
Selling price per unit $250
Variable manufacturing costs per $80
unit
Annual fixed costs per unit $100
($6,000,000 per annum)
Budgeted production for 2015 60,000 units
The company currently sells the backpacks nationally and has been approached by a
retailer in New Zealand offering to buy 12,000 mountain bikes as a ‘one off special order’,
but is willing to pay only $150.00 each including shipping. The special order will add $20.00
per bike in special shipping costs to New Zealand. The sale of the mountain bikes to the
New Zealand retailer is not expected to affect Kosciusko’s normal sales.
The sales manager, Emily Snowboard, asks the CEO for approval to sell the mountain bikes
to the New Zealand retailer and the CEO refused because the selling price was below the
total budgeted manufacturing cost.
REQUIRED:
a) What would have been the effect on the operating income if Kosciusko accepted
the special order? (4 marks)
b) Comment on the CEO’s ‘below manufacturing costs’ reasoning for rejecting the
special order. (2 marks)
END OF EXAMINATION