Gender

Mainstreaming
2020
Basic Concept
JENIS KELAMIN (SEX)
merujuk pada karakter atau
ciri biologis dan fisik Gender Problems • Gender Socialization ;
seseorang. Jenis Kelamin dipelajari ,
seseorang diketahui ketika ia • Stereotype diinternalisasi
dilahirkan atau sudah
terberikan sejak lahir • Double Burden
Gender merujuk pada • Subordination • Dapat dirubah,
Konstruksi Sosial: perilaku, dynamic and
peran, aktivitas, dan atribut • Marginalisation
yang dikonstruksikan atau contextual
yang dianggap sesuai atau • Violence against
pantas untuk kategori “
perempuan” dan “ laki-Laki” women/GBV
• Value (+/- ) atas
• Discrimination perempuan dan laki-
laki
Impacts

• Capacity limitation
• Inequality in access, control and benefits
over resources
• Others?
The commitment to advancing gender equality has brought about improvements in some areas, but the promise of a world
in which every woman and girl enjoy full gender equality and all legal, social and economic barriers to their empowerment
have been removed remains unfulfilled.( https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal5)
Fast Facts
Source: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal5

• In 2019, one in five young women 20 to 24 years of age throughout the

world was married in childhood, down from one in four in 2004 and with the
highest figure in sub-Saharan Africa, with more than one in three
• As at 1 January 2020, representation by women in single or lower houses of
national parliament reached 24.9 per cent, up slightly from 22.3 per cent in
2015. Women have better access to decision-making positions at the local
level, holding 36 per cent of elected seats in local deliberative bodies, based
on data from 133 countries and areas.
• In 2019, 28 per cent of managerial positions in the world were women, a
small increase from 25 per cent in 2000, while women represented 39 per
cent of the world’s workers and half of the world’s working-age population
Fast Facts ( Indonesia )
source: Data hub, 2019

• Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and has one of the highest
literacy rates in Asia (females 93.59% and males 97.17%).
• Currently provides free healthcare to almost 3/4 of the population and has included
significant investments to reduce maternal mortality.
• According to the 2016 Women’s Health and Life Experiences Survey, one in three women
aged 15-64 years in Indonesia reported that she had experienced physical and/or sexual
violence in her lifetime.
• Women face legal barriers and discrimination in the economy: at 51% in 2017, Indonesia’s
female labour-force participation rate was well below that for males (around 80%) and
lower than average for countries at a comparable stage of development.
• Legal barriers in some key areas, however, coupled with a patriarchal culture and religious
conservatism, continue to prevent girls and women from fulfilling their rights. Tax and
inheritance laws, for example, discriminate against women and legislation to protect
women against sexual harassment and domestic violence is weak or goes unenforced.
• the main drivers of low female labour force participation in Indonesia are marriage,
having children under the age of two in the household, low educational attainment (below
upper-secondary and tertiary levels) and a changing economic structure that has seen a
decline in the sector of agriculture as a result of migration from rural to urban areas, in
particular

Fast Facts
Source: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal5
The current pandemic is hitting women and girls hardly
Women already spend three times as many hours as men on unpaid
care work at home. The closure of school and day-care centres requires
parents, women in particular, to care more for children and facilitate
their learning at home.
Gender Mainstreaming - PUG
Gender mainstreaming is a strategy for
integrating gender concerns in the analysis,
formulation and monitoring of policies,
program and projects. It is therefore a
means to an end, not an end in itself, a
process, not a goal.
The purpose of gender mainstreaming is to
promote gender equality and the
empowerment of women in population and
development activities.

Instruksi Presiden RI No.9 / Tahun 2000

Gender Practical Needs and Strategic Interests
• Practical Gender Needs (PGN) are the needs (people) identify in their
socially accepted roles in society. PGN do not challenge the gender division
of labor or women’s subordinate position in society. PGN are a response to
perceived necessity, identified within specific context, practical in nature
and are often concern with inadequate in living condition such as water
provision, health care and employment
• Strategic Gender Interest (SGN) are the needs of women identify because
of their subordinate position to men in their society. They relate to gender
division of labour, power, and control and may include such issues such as
land rights, domestic violence equal wages, and women control over their
bodies. Meeting SGN needs helps women to achieve gender equality .
Example; campaign ending child marriage, intervention to support
education for girls, promote women leadership
gender sensitive/responsive actions/dvlpmnt;
Gender Equality
Equality between women and men (gender equality) refers to the equal
rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and
boys.
Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same but that
women’s and men’s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not
depend on whether they are born male or female.

Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both
women and men are taken into consideration, recognizing the diversity of
different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women’s issue
but should concern and fully engage men as well as women.
Protection to vulnerable ,
marginalized groups, women from
any forms of violence
Violence Against Women/Girls
 Source: UNFPA/UNW IPV Workshop
TYPES OF VIOLENCE: a few examples

• Hitting • Harassing
• Kicking • Rape
• Burning • Sexual abuse
• Grabbing • Unwanted
• Pulling hair touching

Physical Sexual • Taking

• Verbal someone’s
bullying money
• Intimidation, Emotional Economic • Controlling
threats money
• Surveillance • Denial of funds,
• Isolation food and basic
• Humiliation needs
• Confinement • Control access
to the home to health care
and
employment
 Source: UNFPA/UNW IPV Workshop

MYTHS MAKE IT HARD FOR SURVIVORS

TO GET SUPPORT

“Real”
No one in my rape cases
high social involve Rape only
Rape only occurs in If they are
status physical in love/
involves injuries public
strangers experience married,
spaces it’s not
such things
Violence rape

It is not is a A survivor/
victim will
my It’s because
she wore a private report
problem immediately
sexy dress issue
 Source: UNFPA/UNW IPV Workshop

ANYONE CAN BE A VICTIM

This is because abuse:

• Happens everywhere –in large cities or rural communities, and in all
countries, cultures and societies
• Happens anytime – at the start of a relationship or later on (even
after) [note: leaving abusive relationships high risk time]
• Happens across all social classes and income groups
• Happens regardless of education levels, social status, mental or
physical ability or disability
• Happens across all age groups, from the very young to the elderly
• Happens across all ethnic, religious, racial or cultural backgrounds
 Source: UNFPA/UNW IPV Workshop

“Why does s/he stay?”

Lack of
economic
independence Promises
Family of reform
expectations

Fear & children

Religious
Love for
partner
Feelings
of guilt
and Lack of a
Lack of a
cultural support
sense of
values system Lack of
resources
self-worth
 Source: UNFPA/UNW IPV Workshop

➔Why does s/he abuse?

Some common excuses for abusive
person include:
• It is his right as the head of the
household.
• It is his way of showing how much he
loves her.
• He has to discipline her.
• His previous partner hurt him.
• He abuses those he loves the most.
• He holds in his feelings too much.
• He is mentally ill.
• He has an aggressive personality.
• He is afraid of intimacy and
abandonment.
• He has low self-esteem.
• His boss mistreats him.
• He has poor communication skills.
• He grew up with abuse in his family.
• He feels victimized….

HOWEVER, none of these reasons justify hurting another person.

There is no justification for violence and these are not valid reasons to
perpetuate intimate partner violence.
Global gender equality frameworks
which set targets towards gender equality
1. SDG 2030. It sets target towards gender equality by
2030, or Planet 50-50 (gender balance/parity)
2. CEDAW (International bill on Elimination of
Violence Against Women). Target to eliminate all
forms of violence against Women. Countries
members should report their progress every 4
years
3. Beijing Platform for Actions. Emphasizing gender
perspective integration in policies and
development sector
4. CSW (commission status on women). It’s a
functional committee to support UNECOSOC. Every
year they will discuss and review specific topic on
advancement empowerment of women and girls
Terima kasih