Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

AGRICULTURE 6
Module 3
Quarter 1 Week 3 (Lesson 5,6,7)
Learning Competencies:

TLE6AG-0c- 3: Conduct a survey to identify:

• types of orchard farms

• trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location,
climate and market demands
• proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit -bearing
trees (budding, marcotting, grafting)
gathered.

0
 Before starting this module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will distract

your attention in doing your lessons. Read the instructions below to successfully attain

the objectives of this module. Have fun!

1. Read and understand all the contents in every page of this module carefully.

2. Write in your notebook the concepts learned. Keep in mind that writing enhances

your learning.

3. Perform all the activities provided in this module.

4. Let your parents or guardian help assess your answers using the answer keys

found in the later part of this module.

5. Answer the post test. If you cannot make it all right, browse or read the lesson

again, until you get the right answer(s).

6. Enjoy and apply what you have learned.

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Reading Activity- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Let’s Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
• Let’s Check- It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
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Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a wide area of land where fruit-bearing trees are planted.

A. Fruit Orchard C. Orchard
B. Nut Orchard D. Home Orchard

2. The cashew, pili, cacao and coconuts are commonly seen in this kind of orchard.
A. Seed Orchard C. Home Orchard
B. Nut Orchard D. Fruit Orchard

3. This plantation produces fruits from fruit-bearing trees.

A. Fruit Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Home Orchard D. Seed Orchard

4. It is managed intensively and entirely for seed production.

A. Fruit Orchard B. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard D. Home Orchard.

5. The calamansi, lemon, lime and pomelo are among the fruits in this category..
A. Citrus fruits B. Mango fruits C. Jack fruits D. Durian fruits

6. This establishment of an orchard is a long-term investment and deserves a very

_________ planning.
A. analytical B. critical C. investment D. profit

7. Picking the right tree for the right _________ is very important.
A. place B. road C. direction D. route

8. It plays a great role for the fruit trees to grow.

A. Weather B. Climate C. Season D. Typhoon

9. It is referring to the desired by many people in all occasions, availability of fruits in

different locality, fruits in season, and even pricing for him to have a better
profit.
A. gain B. expenses C. market demands D. deficit

10. This fruit commonly grown in an elevated cold area.

A. Mango B. Coconut C. Guava D. Pomelo

2
11. It is the art of joining two pieces of living plant tissue together a root system (root
stock) with a shoot system (scion).
A. Inarching C. Grafting
B. Marcotting D. Budding

12. It is a process of transferring the lateral bud from the scion (a mature branch) to the
stock (a seedling plant) of the same family.

A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

13. Grafting is done by inserting the _________ so that they will form a union and grow
together as one.
A. Scion to the root stock C. Scion to the trunk
B. Rootstock to the branches D. Branch to the stem

14. It is also called air-layering, in which the stem is induce to root while they are still
growing on mother plant.
A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

15. Apply __________ in tree propagation in order to ensure safety or protection from
danger while working.
A. Safe distance C Health and Safety measures
B. Waring of mask D. Disinfection Chemicals

Specifically, this module help you to:

• Identify the different types of orchard farms particularly dealing

with trees and fruit-bearing trees.

3
Direction: Name at least 5 famous orchard farms and give its locations
and fruits they produce.

ORCHARD FARMS LOCATIONS FRUITS PRODUCE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS

Knowing the different types of orchard that you want to establish in a place must

be studied carefully. This lesson focuses on the following orchards:

1. Fruit Orchards include any facility that focuses

on fruit-bearing trees and it is the common type

of orchard. Some of the popular fruit trees in our

country is mango, avocado, durian, mangosteen,

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 jackfruit, lanzones, rambutan, and many more. Citrus trees, such as pomelo, lemon,

lime or orange, may be grown in large citrus orchards, or individually in smaller area.

2. Nut Orchards include all facilities that focuses

on nut-bearing trees. The tree nuts that are

popular in our country are cashew nuts and

pili nuts. This category also includes coconuts

and cacaos.

3. Seed Orchards is an area where superior

quality of plant/trees are established and

managed intensively and entirely to produce

large quantity of improved seeds. The seeds

in the orchard are sold to large agricultural

facilities and commercial distributors for resale

to the public in small seed packets. The size of the seed orchard is determined by the

seed demand and the expected seed production from the orchard.

Various Types of Orcharding

1. Orcharding with single variety of a fruit crop.

2. Orcharding with different variety of a fruit crop.
3. Mixed orchard with different fruit crops of almost equal life span.
4. Orcharding with intercrops/intercropping.

OTHER FORM OF ORCHARD

Home/School/Community Orchards are small

piece of land where grafted and dwarf varieties

of trees are planted and are small enough to fit in

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the garden/backyard. One of its purposes is to reduce household costs and grow more

of their own food.

Direction: Identify the type of each famous orchard listed below. Write the answers in

your notebook.

NAMES OF FAMOUS ORCHARDS TYPES OF ORCHARDS

1. Rosa Farm
2. Ato Belen’s Farm
3. Rosit Cocoa Farm
4. Nica’s Rambutan Farm
5. Davao Golden Pomelo Farm
6. Rock Farm at Cafe’ Bodega

7. Lime Citrus Farm

8. Philippine Mango Seedling Farm
Corporation

Direction: Give at least five (5) other orchard farms in the country and identify the type

twhere they belong.

NAMES OF ORCHARDS TYPES OF ORCHARDS

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 Orchards are large fields where trees are planted to produce fruits, nuts

and seeds. They are categorized according to their products namely fruit orchard,

nut orchard, and seed orchards. Home or backyard orchard is an orchard that is

maintained in a small piece of land and grows different varieties of dwarf and grafted

trees to fit in.

Direction: Match the item in Column A with those in Column B. Write your answers in
your TLE notebook.
A B
1. Fruit Orchard A. It is a wide area of land where trees and
fruit-bearing trees are planted.

2. Home Orchard B. Cashew, pili, cacao and coconuts are

commonly seen in this kind of orchard

3. Nut Orchard C. Plantations that produces fruits from fruit-

bearing trees

4. Citrus fruits D. It is managed intensively and entirely for .

. seed production

5. Orchard E. Calamansi, lemon, lime and pomelo are .

. among the fruits in this category

F. It is a small piece of land planted with .

. grafted and dwarf varieties of trees
References:
https://bizfluent.com/info-7823641-types-orchards.html
https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/images/policies/2010/dao/dao-2010-11.pdf
https://www.nestandglow.com/life/cocoa-vs-cacao

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 Specifically, this lesson will help you to:

• Identify the trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on

location, climate and market demands.

Directions: Identify what type of orchard these pictures belong.

________________1. _______________2. ______________3.

TREES APPROPRIATE FOR ORCHARD

GARDENING BASED ON LOCATION, CLIMATE AND

MARKET DEMANDS

Trees and fruit-bearing trees do a better job of saving us money, providing shade,

reducing noise and even saving our lives from calamities. Establishment of an orchard is

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a long-term investment and requires a very critical planning. The selection of proper

location, climate condition and market demands must be considered first.

A. Location - Picking the right tree for the right place is very important. Trees will be

more productive when they are planted in a place suitable for them. Topography affects

plant growth through differential incidence of solar radiation, wind velocity, soil type,

temperature effect and even the level of the sea.

Below are the trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location.
Hill Slope Valley Plains
Coconut Mango, Coconut, Durian Banana, Star apple,
Mango Cashew, Pili Nut Banana Mango, Santol,
Pili Nut and Palm Tree Papaya Citrus, Coconut,
Palm Tree Mangosteen Jack fruit and Guava

B. Climate - The right time, season or condition of the place is equally important as

choosing the landscape where trees should be planted. Adaptability of plants/trees to

grow depend much on the temperature of the place whether it is humid, wet, cold,

windy and the like. Here are the trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on

climate condition.

Elevated Lowly(warm) Dry season Wet season

(cold)
Pomelo Mango Guava Banana Papaya Durian
Coconut Durian Star apple Guava Banana
Banana Palm tree Pili Mango

C. Market Demand - This is something to consider especially when an orchardist is

inclined to a business. He must have an idea of the fruits desired by many people in

all occasions, availability of fruits in different locality, fruits in season, and even pricing

for him to have a better profit. Here are the trees appropriate for orchard gardening

based on market demand.

Banana Mango Citrus Jack fruit

Guava Star apple Santol Coconut

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Direction: With the help of your parents, collect picture(s) of trees and fruit bearing-

trees planted or grown in hills, slope, valleys, and plains in our locality. Paste

it on bond paper.

Directions: Classify the common trees and fruit-bearing trees according to its location,

climate and market demand. Put a check on the appropriate boxes.

FACTORS IN COMMON TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES

PLANTING TREES
AND FRUIT-
Avocado Cacao Jackfruit Lanzones Mangosteen Soursop
BEARING TREES
LOCATION
Hill
Slope
Valley
Plain
CLIMATE
Elevated
Lowly
Dry Season
Wet Season
MARKET DEMAND
Low
Average
High

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 The establishment of an orchard is a long-term investment and deserves a very

critical planning. The selection of proper location, considering climate and market

demands must be considered first.

Direction: Arrange the jumbled letter to get the correct answer.

1. The establishment of an orchard is a long-term investment and deserves a very

_________ planning. CTRICIAL

2. Picking the right tree for the right _________ is very important. ALPEC

3. The__________ plays a great role for the fruit trees to grow. LIMCATE

4. It is referring to the desired by many people in all occasions, availability of fruits in

different locality, fruits in season, and even pricing for him to have a better

profit. ARMTEK EDAMDNS

5. This fruit commonly grown in an elevated cold area. MPOLEO

References:

https://bizfluent.com/info-7823641-types-orchards.html

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 Specifically, this lesson will help you to:

• Enumerate the procedure in planting fruit bearing trees

• Discuss the propagation of tress and fruit-bearing trees by budding, grafting,

and marcotting

• Explain the safety measures in tree propagation operations.

Direction: Answer the following questions listed below in your notebook.

1. Why is it important to consider the location, climate and market demands

when starting an orchard farm business?

2. How the location and climate affect the growth of trees and fruit trees?

PROPER WAY OF PLANTING/PROPAGATING TREES

AND FRUIT -BEARING TREES (BUDDING,

MARCOTTING, GRAFTING)

Learning on how to plant / propagate trees and fruit-bearing trees is a great skills

because you can make lots of new plants for your garden instead of buying from a

nursery. Some plants are easier than others to propagate and different methods work

better with different plants.

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 In this lesson you will learn theoretically the proper way on how to plant/propagate

trees and fruit-bearing trees.

Two Methods of Planting

Direct Method- is the sowing or planting of seeds directly in a permanent location without
the need of a nursery.
Indirect Method- is the sowing or planting of seeds in a seed box/ pot in a nursery. Once
the seedlings in the nursery are ready, they can be transplanted to a permanent location.
This method is widely used to improve the quality of seedlings in order to have a good
harvest.
Steps of Planting Trees / Fruit- Bearing Trees

1. Prepare the tools and materials needed.

Tools: spade, shovel, pickaxe, pruners bow, rake, hose,

gloves, post driver post

Materials: mulch, organic soil, compost

2. Prepare the ground- choose a place where there is an

adequate space with other trees or plants. Dig a circular

hole twice the width and the same depth as the root ball.

Do not dig over the base, as this may cause the tree to

sink once planted. Instead, puncture the base and sides

with a spade or garden fork to allow the roots to penetrate.

3. Check Planting Depth- Placing the unplanted

tree in the hole to check the depth can be helpful. Place

the tree in the hole, lay a cane across the top to check

the level and add or remove soil as required.

4. Tease Out Roots- Lift or loosen the tree from the hole or

container and use your fingers to gently pull the roots away

from the root ball for it to grow outward. This will encourage

the root to establish into the surrounding soil.

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5. Plant the tree -place the tree in the hole and

turn it round until its best side is facing the right

direction. Then fill around the root ball with the

excavated/dug soil and gently firm in.

6. Attach tree to wooden stake - choose a

stake that will support the trunk.

7. Care of plants - water the tree regularly for two

years and then put compost and a thick mulch, such as

composted bark chippings, to control weeds and seal in

moisture. The ties can be removed after two or three

years when the tree has fully established.

Proper Way of Propagating Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees

Plant propagation is the process of growing new plants sexually or asexually from
a variety of sources such as seeds, cuttings, grafting and others. It can be done by direct
planting or indirect planting. Plant propagation can be done manually or by natural seed
dispersal through air and animals.
Two Methods of Plant propagation
1. Sexual Method- is a natural method of plant propagation using seeds.

2. Asexual Method- is the process of producing plants from other parts of the plant.

Some of the asexual methods are grafting, budding and marcotting etc.

Advantages of Budding, Grafting and Marcotting

1. The new plants produced through marcotting, grafting and budding will be exactly like

the parent’s plants where the characteristics of the parent plant will be replicated.

2. The fruit tress grown from seeds may take years before they start to bear fruit. But

the trees grown from marcotting, grafting and budding start to bear fruits much earlier.

3. Need less attention in their early years than the plants grown from seeds.
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 Propagation of Tree through Budding, Grafting, and Marcotting

A. Plant Propagation through Budding

Budding – is the process of transferring the lateral bud from the scion (a mature branch)
to the stock (a seedling plant) of the same family. The two types of budding are Patch
budding and T-budding. Patch Budding is widely used on fruit trees with thick bark.

Procedure in Plant Propagation through Patch Budding

1. Prepare the tools and materials 6.Trim off the upper portion of the
needed. rootsock, just above the patch bud.
2. Remove a rectangular piece of bark
from the rootstock

7. Cover the budded portion with a

clear plastic to reduce transpiration.
3. Slice a rectangular patch containing
the bud from the bud stick.

8. Water the rootstock daily.

4. Insert the patch with the bud in the cut
on the rootstock the inserted patch
should fit the cut tightly.

9.Remove the plastic cover ones the bud

5. Wrap the part with the inserted bud sprouted.
with plastic, tape, or wax cloth leaving the
bud exposed.

15
 Procedure in Plant Propagation through T- Budding

1. Prepare the tools and materials 5.Open the bark of the T-shape cut in the
needed. rootstock.
2. Make a horizontal cut in the rootstock,
two (2) to three (3) cm. long, as dip as
the bark.

6. Insert the bud by pushing it downwards

under the two flaps of the bark.

3. Make a vertical cut below the

horizontal cut forming a T
.

7.Tie securely with a plastic tape but

leave the bud expose. Don’t press the
tape too firmly against the inserted bud.
This will ruin the growing bud.

4. Slice a shield of bud from the bud stick

about two and a half 2.5 cm under the
bud to 2 cm above.

B. Plant Propagation Through Grafting

Grafting is the art of joining two pieces of living plant tissue together a root system

(root stock) with a shoot system (scion) in such a manner that they will unite and

subsequently grow and develop as one composite plant. There are several types of

grafting, such as cleft, saddle, splice and whip, and tongue.

16
 Procedure in Plant Propagation through Grafting

1. Prepare the tools and materials 6. Apply wax over the cut portion to

needed. prevent loss of water.

7. Tightly wrap the grafted part with a

2. Remove the leaves but retain the buds plastic sheet. Do not cover the nodes.
or nodes in the scion.

3. Split cut the top end of the selected

stock.

8. Cover the grafted portion loosely with a

plastic bag.

4. Sharpen the base of the scion.

9. Remove the plastic bag when young

leaves appear but leave the plastic sheet.

5. Insert the scion between the split-cut of

the stock 10. Remove the plastic wrapping after

five (5) months.

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 C. Plant Propagation by Air Layering / Marcotting

Marcotting- it is also called air layering, in which the stems are induced to root while they

are still growing on the mother plant. This method is considered the oldest in propagating

fruit trees.

Procedure in Plant Propagation through Marcotting or Air Layering

1. Prepare all the tools and materials
needed.
2. Select a branch that is one half (0.5)
to three (3) cm. in diameter.
5. Cover the expose portion with rooting
medium, such as sphagnum moss or
coconut husk and a small amount of rich
loose soil. This is usually moistened with
a root inducer called ANAA (Alpha
Nathalene Acetic Acid).

3. Remove three (3) cm of bark around 6. Cover the rooting medium with
the branch. The exposed part must be transparent plastic sheet and tie both
fifteen (15) to thirty (30) cm. from the tip ends with string or plastic straw.
of the branch.

7. Cut the marcotted branch below the

wrapped portion when the roots are fully
developed usually in 2-4 weeks or more.
4.Clean thouroughly the expose portion
with a knife by scratching or scraping the
thin plastic like covering called “cambium
layer”.
8. Remove the plastic sheet and
transplant the marcotted plant in a
permanent place or location.

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 General Safety Precaution in Tree Propagation Operations

• Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like gloves, mask, googles etc.

• Use Tools and materials in accordance with specification and procedures.

• Check the manufacturers specifications on the shelf life/expiration of materials.

• Identify hazards in the workplace and report it. You should follow 5’S principle for an

excellent and safe working area.

• Prevent and respond to emergency and accidents. Prepare Emergency Protocols for

responding to accident in the workplace and a complete First aid Kit.

Direction: Make a survey on how the following fruit trees are propagated locally. Put a

check in the desired box. You can ask your parents, interview some farmers or search

on the internet to get answers.

OTHERS
FRUIT MARCOTTING GRAFTING BUDDING
(please
specify)
Mango

Rambutan

Durian

Papaya

Lanzones

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Direction: Write the procedure on budding, grafting and marcotting in your notebook.

Example Form: Procedure on Marcotting

Step 1. ________________________________________________________
Step 2. ________________________________________________________
Step 3. ________________________________________________________
Step 4. ________________________________________________________
Step 5 ________________________________________________________
Step 6. ________________________________________________________
Step 7. ________________________________________________________
Step 8. ________________________________________________________

Plant propagation is the process of growing new plants sexually or asexually from

a variety of sources such as seeds, cuttings, grafting and others. It can be done by direct

planting or indirect planting. Plant propagation can be done manually or natural seed

dispersal by air and animals. Asexual reproduction of plant is usually done by budding,

grafting, and air layering/marcotting. Apply safety measures when doing tree propagation

operations.

20
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the art of joining two pieces of living plant tissue together a root system (root
stock) with a shoot system (scion).
A. Inarching C. Grafting
B. Marcotting D. Budding

2. It is the process of transferring the lateral bud from the scion (a mature branch) to
the stock (a seedling plant) of the same family.
A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

3. Grafting is done by inserting the _________ so that they will form a union
and grow together as one.
A. Scion to the root stock C. Scion to the trunk
B. Rootstock to the branches D. Branch to the stem

4. It is also called air-layering, in which the stem is induce to root while they
are still growing on mother plant.
A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

5. Apply __________ in tree propagation in order to ensure safety or

protection from danger while working.
A. Safe distance C. Health and Safety measures
B. Waring of mask D. Disinfection Chemicals

References:

Akin, Leah Rottke. The Home Orchard Handbook - A Complete Guide to Growing Your
Own Fruit Trees Anywhere: Quarry Books. 2011.

Allaway, Zia and Leendertz, Lia. RHS How to Grow Practically Everything. Gardening
Projects Anyone Can Do-DK. 2013.

Hartmann, Hudson T. et al. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Pearson. 2014.

Javier, Mario. Elementary Agriculture Grade 6. Quezon City: Trinitas Publishing Inc. 2018.

Pangilinan, Joselito and Bantique, Remedios. Progress Through Technology and

Livelihood Education 6:

Steiner, Lynn M. Black & Decker The Complete Guide to Western Plains Gardening
Techniques for Flowers, Shrubs, Trees & Vegetables in Montana, Col. Creative
Publishing International.

DENR. Greenbook 1 Production of Planting Materials. April 2007

21
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is referring to the desired by many people in all occasions, availability of fruits in
different locality, fruits in season, and even pricing for him to have a better
profit.
A. gain B. expenses C. market demands D. deficit

2. The calamansi, lemon, lime and pomelo are among the fruits in this category.
A. Citrus fruits B. Mango fruits C. Jack fruits D. Durian fruits

3. The cashew, pili, cacao and coconuts are commonly seen in this kind of orchard
A. Seed Orchard C. Home Orchard
B. Nut Orchard D. Fruit Orchard

4. It is the art of joining two pieces of living plant tissue together a root system (root
stock) with a shoot system (scion).
A. Inarching C. Grafting
B. Marcotting D. Budding

5. Apply __________ in tree propagation in order to ensure safety or protection from

danger while working.
A. Safe distance C. Health and Safety measures
B. Waring of mask D. Disinfection Chemicals

6. It is managed intensively and entirely for seed production.

A. Fruit Orchard B. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard D. Home Orchard.

7. Picking the right tree for the right _________ is very important.
A. place B. road C. direction D. route

8. Grafting is done by inserting the _________ so that they will form a union and grow
together as one.
A. Scion to the root stock C. Scion to the trunk
B. Rootstock to the branches D. Branch to the stem

9. It is a wide area of land where different fruit-bearing trees are planted.

A. Fruit Orchard C. Orchard
B. Nut Orchard D. Home Orchard

10. Plantation that produces fruits from fruit-bearing trees.

A. Fruit Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Home Orchard D. Seed Orchard

22
11. It is a process of transferring the lateral bud from the scion (a mature branch) to the
stock (a seedling plant) of the same family.
A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

12. It is also called air-layering, in which the stem is induce to root while they are still
growing on mother plant.
A. Cutting C. Budding
B. Grafting D. Marcotting

13. __________ plays a great role for the fruit trees to grow.
A. Weather B. Climate C. Season D. Typhoon

14. This fruit belong to citrus family that commonly grown in an elevated cold area.
A. Mango B. Coconut C. Guava D. Pomelo

15. The establishment of an orchard is a long-term investment and deserves a very

_________ planning.
A. analytical B. critical C. investment D. profit

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 ANSWER KEY

Pre-Test Lesson 5 Lesson 6

1. C
Looking Back to Your Lesson Looking Back to Your Lesson
2. B Number of correct answers will
3. A 1. Fruit Orchard
depend on the answers given by
4. B 2. Nut Orchard
the pupils.
5. A 3. Seed Orchard
6. B (Maximum of 10 points)
7. A Activity 1 Let’s Check
8. B 1. Fruit Orchard 1. CRITICAL
9. C 2. Fruit Orchard 2. PLACE
10. D 3. Nut Orchard 3. CLMATE
4. Fruit Orchard 4. MARKET DEMAND
11. C
5. Fruit Orchard 5. POMELO
12. C
6.Nut Orchard
13. A
7.Fruit Orchard
14. D 8.Seed Orchard Lesson 7
15.C
Looking Back to Your Lesson
Activity 2
“Take a picture of your answer
Number of correct answers will
depend on the number of and send it to your teacher
Post-Test
information provided in the table. through FB messenger.”
1. C
2. A Activity 1
(Maximum of 10 points)
3. B Number of correct answers will
Let’s Check
4. C depend on the number of
1. C information provided in the table.
5. C 2. F
6. B 3. B Activity 2
7. A 4. E Just copy the steps on budding,
8. A 5. A grafting and marcotting.
9. C
10. A Let’s Check
11. C 1. C
12. D 2. C
13. B 3. A
14. D 4. D
15. B 5. C

Acknowledgements
Writers: Manuel C. Baron, MT II, (Lesson 5 & 6)
Joselito P. Pangilinan, MT II (Lesson 7 & 9)
Edwin B. Gallardo, MT II (Lesson 8 &10)
Editors: Ariel D. Tosio, EPS, Aquilina Tiama, PSDS
Reviewer: Jose A. Ecle, MT II, Rommel Y. Rojo, MT II
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

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