L&T Construction

COMMENTS RESOLUTION SHEET Smart Infrastructure BU - EDRC

JOB NUMBER LE190790 DATE 16-11-2019
Design, Construction, Testing, Commissioning and Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Works for Roads,
PROJECT
Drains, Culverts, Bridges, Water Supply, Sewerage, Street Lighting and Utility Duct in the Smart City area in Rajkot
DOCUMENT NUMBER LNT-RSC-SW-DC-0001 DOCUMENT REVISION R2
DOCUMENT TITLE Design Basis Report for Storm Water Drainage
PMC OBSERVATION REFERENCE Comments Dated 12/11/2019
COMMENTS BY INI-MMCPL - Jayant Patel - Drainage Expert
Sl. Page Para/Table
PMC Comments L&T’s RESPONSE PMC Comments L&T’s RESPONSE
No. No. No.
Time of concentration should be The statement has been updated to
considered based on fall in level “fall in level from critical point to
structure in meter at distance from
from critical point to structure in
1. 7 3.1.5 critical point to structure” instead of,
meter at distance from critical Time of concentration depends on
point to structure. “the distance from the critical point to
the structure” in the revised report.
For concrete box drain,
coefficient of roughness should
be 0.014 and for trapezoidal
drain, it should be 0.018 as per
2. 9 3.2.1 Updated in the revised report.
CPHEEO Manual on Storm water
drainage system, August 2019,
Chapter-5, Table 5.1, Page no. 68.

Minimum freeboard of 150mm. As per clause 5.3.2, page no.70 of The free board for storm Provided as per
CPHEEO Manual on Storm water water drain box should be tender Appendix-B
Should be provided for drain size
drainage system, August 2019, free provided as per tender VII storm Drainage,
3. 10 3.2.2.4 of more than 300mm. As per IRC board is defined only for open Appendix-B VII storm Para 1.3.4 (Free
SP 50 channels. The importance of this Drainage, Para 1.3.4 (Free board) Table-1 in
factor depends on the consequence of board) Table-1. the revised report.

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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 L&T Construction
COMMENTS RESOLUTION SHEET Smart Infrastructure BU - EDRC
JOB NUMBER LE190790 DATE 16-11-2019
Design, Construction, Testing, Commissioning and Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Works for Roads,
PROJECT
Drains, Culverts, Bridges, Water Supply, Sewerage, Street Lighting and Utility Duct in the Smart City area in Rajkot
DOCUMENT NUMBER LNT-RSC-SW-DC-0001 DOCUMENT REVISION R2
DOCUMENT TITLE Design Basis Report for Storm Water Drainage
PMC OBSERVATION REFERENCE Comments Dated 12/11/2019
COMMENTS BY INI-MMCPL - Jayant Patel - Drainage Expert
Sl. Page Para/Table
PMC Comments L&T’s RESPONSE PMC Comments L&T’s RESPONSE
No. No. No.
overflow of the channel bank. For
closed storm conduits/drains free
board is not defined as they are
supposed to run full. However, a
minimum of 100mm freeboard is
considered for box drain.
The grade of concrete for
construction of box drain is M 30
4. 11 5.1 grade concrete as per financial Updated in the revised report.
bid item E.

The reinforcement shall be TMT

5. 12 5.1 Fe-500. Updated in the revised report.

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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

This document is the property of L&T Construction - EDRC must not be passed on to any third person or firm not authorised by us, nor be copied/made use of in full or part by such person or firm without our prior

16-Nov-19 R02 Updated as per PMC comments dated 12.11.2019 SDV DJM SVD
02-Nov-19 R01 Updated as per PMC comments dated 23.10.2019 SDV DJM SVD
27-SEP-19 R00 For Approval SDV DJM SVD
DATE REV. NO. REVISION DESCRIPTION Designed Checked Approved
REVISIONS
EPC CONTRACTOR :

L&T Construction

CLIENT : EMPLOYERS ENGINEER :

RAJKOT SMART CITY
DEVELOPMENT LIMITED

PROOF CONSULTANT: DESIGN CONSULTANT :

PROJECT :
Design, Construction, Testing, Commissioning and Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Works for
Roads, Drains, Culverts, Bridges, Water Supply, Sewerage, Power system for the smart city area in Rajkot,
Gujarat.
permission writing

Contract Agreement No. Tender No.

TOTAL NO. OF PAGES 13 TITLE :

NAME SIGN DATE
DSGN SDV 16-11-2019
Design Basis Report for Strom Water Drainage
CHKD DJM 16-11-2019

APPD SVD 16-11-2019

REV.
DOC. No. L N T - R S C - S W - D O C - 0 0 0 1
R02

RELEASED FOR PRELIMINARY/INFORMATION P APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION

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REVISION HISTORY

Revision No Description

R00 Issued for Approval

R01 Updated as per PMC comments dated 23.10.2019

R02 Updated as per PMC comments dated 12.11.2019

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4

2 Road Drainage ...................................................................................................................... 4

3 Storm Water Drain Design Parameters ................................................................................ 4

3.1 Hydrologic Analysis ......................................................................................................... 5

3.1.1 Design Storm Period and Rainfall intensity .............................................................. 5

3.1.2 Peak Runoff ............................................................................................................... 6

3.1.3 Coefficient of Runoff................................................................................................. 6

3.1.4 Area of Runoff Catchment ........................................................................................ 7

3.1.5 Time of Concentration ............................................................................................... 7

3.2 Hydraulic Design .............................................................................................................. 8

3.2.1 Drain Design .............................................................................................................. 8

3.2.2 Design Parameters ..................................................................................................... 9

3.2.3 Storm Water Drain Network.................................................................................... 10

4 Longitudinal Storm Water Drain structure Details............................................................. 11

5 Material specifications ........................................................................................................ 11

5.1 Box drain ......................................................................................................................... 11

5.2 Trapezoidal channel ........................................................................................................ 12

6 Codes and Specifications .................................................................................................... 13

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1 Rainfall intensity for 2, 5 and 10 years return period ....................................................... 5

Table 3-2 Runoff coefficient ............................................................................................................ 6

Table 3-3 Minimum free board required ........................................................................................ 10

Table 5-1 Concrete Cover ............................................................................................................... 12

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1 Introduction
The project corridor includes longitudinal box and trapezoid type storm water drains. Box
drains are proposed along and across the road. Trapezoidal drains are provided for natural
streams as per Appendix B VII Storm Water Drainage of schedule.

2 Road Drainage

A good drainage system is vital for the safety and longer life of any structure. This is more
relevant in the case of roads. Proper drainage of road surface, pavement and the foundation
layers is basic requirement for maintaining the structural soundness and functional efficiency
of a road. Pavement structure including subgrade must be protected from any ingress of
water. For this purpose, the following conditions have to be ensured.

 Saving the pavement structure from stagnation of water.

 Efficient dispersal and disposal of water.

 Quick disposal of sub-surface water away from the pavement.

 Interception of the surface runoff.

 Keeping the water flow duration on the pavement to a minimum.

3 Storm Water Drain Design Parameters

The design for drainage system involves

 Hydrologic analysis: calculating the total discharge that the system will require to
drain off

 Hydraulic design: fixing dimensions and slope of the drain to have adequate capacity
to carry the discharge.

These two aspects are dealt separately below.

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3.1 Hydrologic Analysis

Hydrologic analysis is an important step prior to the hydraulic design of road drainage
system. Such analysis is necessary to determine the magnitude of flow and the duration for
which it would last. Rational method is a universally accepted empirical formula relating
rainfall to runoff and is applicable for small catchment area not exceeding 25 square
kilometers. The parameters to derive the runoff by rational method are described below.

3.1.1 Design Storm Period and Rainfall intensity

Drainage systems will be designed for the rainfall intensity corresponding to design duration
and frequency. As per the master plan report for Rajkot Smart City, the rainfall in 24 hr. for
1:2 years,1:5years and 1:10 years return period are considered from Atlas of State wise
Generalized ISOPLUVIAL (Return Period) Maps of Central India (Part- III) published by
IMD,New-Delhi,October2008.
The IDF data for above frequencies are tabulated below:

Table 3-1 Rainfall intensity for 2, 5 and 10 years return period

Intensity in mm/hr
Duration in minutes
1 in 2 year 1 in 5year 1 in 10 year
5 226.451 339.676 452.902
10 142.652 213.978 285.304
15 108.862 163.293 217.724
20 89.863 134.794 179.726
25 77.441 116.161 154.882
30 68.577 102.866 137.155
35 61.88 92.819 123.759
40 56.609 84.913 113.759
45 52.334 78.5 104.667

The components of proposed storm water drainage system shall be designed for the
following design standards based on the national and international best practices once in 2
year event flows for storm water drains.

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3.1.2 Peak Runoff

The peak runoff or the peak discharge for the given area is found out by using the following
formula as per Section 6.7 of IRC: SP: 50-2013:

Q = 0.028 Pm A Ic Where,Q = Design peak runoff rate in cum/sec

Pm = Weighted Coefficient of runoff for catchment characteristics,

A = Catchment area in hectares

Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm per hour for the selected frequency and for
duration equal to the time of concentration.

Weighted Runoff coefficient (Pm) of catchment area that consists of different surfaces can be
found by the following relationship.

Pm = ∑ (Pi x Ai)/∑Ai, (i= 1, 2, 3....)

Where, Pi = Runoff coefficient for the surface type of area Ai contributing runoff to drain.

3.1.3 Coefficient of Runoff

The coefficient of run-off (P) is the portion of precipitation that makes its way to the drain. Its
value depends on a large number of factors such as permeability of the surface, type of
ground cover, shape and size of catchment area, the topography, the geology, initial state of
wetness and duration of storm. The values of “P” for different land use are adopted as per
Table 21: Runoff Coefficients for Rational Formula of Annexure I (E) Storm Water Drainage
and is presented below in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2 Runoff coefficient

Type of Drainage Area Runoff Coefficient, P

Playgrounds 0.30 – 0.40

Non concrete 0.30 – 0.40

Asphaltic 0.90 – 0.95

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Type of Drainage Area Runoff Coefficient, P

Concrete Pavements 0.90 – 0.95

Brick 0.80 – 0.85

Roofs 0.90 – 0.95

3.1.4 Area of Runoff Catchment

Catchments shall be divided based on the topography and road layout. The outfalls shall be
proposed considering the topography and location of Existing lakes, existing drains and
primary channels within the area.

3.1.5 Time of Concentration

The storm duration chosen for design is equal to the time of concentration. Maximum
discharge in drainage system occurs when the entire catchment is contributing to the flow.
The time of concentration, (tc) is the time required for a given drop of water from the most
remote part of watershed to reach the point of disposal.

The concentration time depends on (1) fall in level from critical point to structure in meter at
distance from critical point to structure; and (2) the average velocity of flow. As per IRC: SP:
13-2004 suggested following relationship for time of concentration.

Tc = [0.87 x (L3/H)] ^ 0.385

Where,

Tc = the concentration time in hours

L = the distance from critical point to the structure in km

H = the fall in level from the critical point to the structure in meter

Time of concentration for longitudinal flow of water in drain,

Tf = Lc/V

Where, V=

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Tf = Time of concentration for longitudinal flow of water in drain in hours

Lc = Length of longitudinal drain in m

V = Mean velocity in m/s

n = Manning’s roughness coefficient as per Table 7.1 in IRC: SP: 42

R = Hydraulic mean radius (A/P) in m

A = Area of drain section in m2

P = Wetted Perimeter in m

S = Longitudinal gradient of the drain (m/m)

The time of concentration for urban areas shall be considered as 5 min to 10 min (minimum)

3.2 Hydraulic Design

Once the quantity of runoff has been determined, the stage is set for the next step of
hydraulic design of the drain. The hydraulic capacity of the drain should be checked to
ensure that it is capable of handling the expected flows without affecting the traffic and the
pavement.

3.2.1 Drain Design

In engineering practice, the storm water flow is assumed as open channel flow and flow is
uniform. The basic relationships are expressed by the Manning’s formula. The capacity of
the drain is designed in such a way that it can carry the surface runoff generated from the
given stretch.

Q = (1/n) A R2/3 S1/2 and V = (1/n) R2/3 S1/2

Where, Q = Peak discharge in cum/sec

n = Manning’s roughness coefficient

R = Hydraulic mean radius (A/P) in m

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S = Longitudinal gradient of the drain in m/m

A = Area of flow cross section in m2 for wetted perimeter (P) in m

Manning’s coefficient (n) depends upon the surface characteristics of longitudinal drain
section. The coefficient of rugosity for various surfaces is considered as per Table 6.3 of
IRC: SP: 50-2013 and Table 7.1 of IRC: SP: 42-2014. For concrete box drain, coefficient of
rugosity shall be taken as 0.014 and for trapezoidal drain it shall be taken as 0.018 (Source:
CPHEEO Manual on Storm water drainage system, August 2019).

3.2.2 Design Parameters

While deciding the drain section following guidelines are required to be considered as per
IRC standards.

3.2.2.1 Minimum and Maximum Velocities

The velocity values in excess of maximum permissible velocity will cause erosion in the
drain which increases the maintenance cost and also weakens the pavement structurally. The
Table 7.1 of IRC: SP: 42-2014 has given maximum permissible velocities for different drain
surfaces whereas Clause 6.8.3 of IRC: SP: 50-2013 suggests minimum and maximum
velocities to be maintained in different types of drain. For concrete drain, minimum self-
cleansing velocity is 0.6 m/s and maximum permissible velocity is 3 m/s.

3.2.2.2 Inlet Spacing

The spacing of inlet chamber also depends upon the longitudinal slope of the pavement. If
the longitudinal slope is less than the cross slope, the runoff will follow the cross slope hence
the inlet spacing is reduced. If the longitudinal slope of pavement is more, the surface runoff
will follow the longitudinal direction rather than the cross flow direction hence the inlet
spacing shall be increased. Inlet shall be provided at closer interval near junction and valley
curves however maximum spacing shall not be more than 30m. (Ref: IRC: SP: 50-2013)

3.2.2.3 Inlet – Manhole Opening

Manholes are provided on the top of the inlet for the cleaning purpose. Rectangular type
manholes are proposed. The size of manhole cover shall be such that clear opening shall not

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be less than 560mm as per IS: 4111. Manhole covers and frame shall be SFRC (Steel Fiber
Reinforced Concrete) confirming to IS 12592 standard based on location.

3.2.2.4 Minimum Free Board of Drain

Free board is the vertical distance from the water surface of designed flow condition to the
top of the Drain. The importance of this factor depends on the consequence of overflow of
the channel bank. Freeboard should be sufficient to prevent waves, super elevation changes,
or fluctuations in water surface from overflowing the sides. Minimum free board shall be
provided as per Appendix-B VII storm Drainage, Para 1.3.4 (Free board) Table-1 of Tender
Technical specifications which is in line with Section 6.8.4 of IRC: SP: 50-2013 is presented
below:

Table 3-3 Minimum free board required

Sl.
Drain Bed Width, mm Free Board, mm
No.
1 Up to 300 100

2 Beyond 300 & up to 900 150

3 Beyond 900 & up to 1500 300

3.2.2.5 Minimum Width of Drain

The minimum width of box drain shall not be less than 450mm according to Clause 6.8.5 of
IRC SP 50 – 2013.

3.2.2.6 Gradient of Drain

Usually, the bed slope of the drain follows the proposed road slope. However, Suitable
gradient shall be provided to achieve minimum velocity.

3.2.3 Storm Water Drain Network

The Storm water drain size shall be designed to cater the cumulative runoff from upstream
road side drain water as well as catchment area of adjoining land and road surface. Each road
side drain shall be connected to upstream and downstream side drain, forming as network
type arrangement based on the terrain slope (gravity flow) which is to be finally discharge
into a receiving body above the design HFL without causing adverse site impacts.

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The network is designed on the assumption that although silting might occur at minimum
flow, however it should be flushed out during peak flows.

Plot connections are not being considered in design of storm water network and clash
analysis.

4 Longitudinal Storm Water Drain structure Details

The proposed Storm water drainage system is covering approximately a length of 37.3 Km
with various sizes starting with a size of 0.45x0.45 m. Inspection chamber with manholes
shall be provided as per CPHEEO manual. Inlets are provided at an interval 30 mc/c as per
Annexure I (E) Storm Water Drainage.

5 Material specifications

5.1 Box drain

 Grade of concrete

All material properties shall be as per IRC 112:2011 specifications.

The grade of concrete is based on 28 days characteristic cube compressive strength. For
Reinforced and Pre-stressed concrete, the preferred nominal aggregate size is 20mm. The
minimum grade of concrete for various components of structure as per Table 14.2 IRC 112
considering the moderate exposure condition. However the minimum grade of concrete for
the main structural elements shall be as follows considering good engineering practice.

 Grade of Concrete----------M30

Modulus of elasticity of concrete for various grades...As per Table 6.5 of IRC: 112-2011.

Poisson’s Ratio (As per Cl: 6.4.2.5 of IRC: 112-2011)

Shrinkage strain............... As per IRC: 112-2011 Cl: 6.4.2.6.

Creep strain..................... As per IRC: 112-2011 Cl: 6.4.2.7

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 Reinforcement

All reinforcement shall be T M T Grade Fe 500 conforming to IS 1786-2000 and Table

18.1 of IRC: 112-2011 for all structures. The characteristic strength (f yk) of reinforcement
shall be 500 MPa with modulus of elasticity 200 GPa.

 Minimum Concrete Cover

Cover to the reinforcement shall be the minimum clear distance measured from the surface
of the concrete to the closest reinforcing bars. Minimum concrete cover is decided based on
durability provisions as per Cl. 26.4 IS 456:2000.

The clear concrete cover to reinforcement shall not be less than the following:

Table 5-1 Concrete Cover

S. No. Description of Structural Element Minimum Cover (mm)

1 Structure exposed to atmospheric condition 30
2 Structure in contact with earth 30
3 Structure in contact with water 40

 Miscellaneous

It is recommended that the maximum water to cement ratio shall be 0.45 and the minimum
cement content shall be as per Section 1703 of MORTH Specifications.

5.2 Trapezoidal channel

 Stone

300 mm thick stone pitching shall be provided. The stone used for pitching shall be hard,
durable and dense, and not subject to deterioration upon exposure to air and water.

 Cement Mortar

Cement mortar shall be 1 part ordinary Portland cement to 3 part fine aggregate by
volume with sufficient water added to produce suitable consistency for the intended
purpose.

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6 Codes and Specifications

References / Software / Codes used in the design of structures and drainage are:

IRC: 5-2015 General Features of Design (Seventh revision).

IRC: 6-2017 Loads and Load combinations (Seventh revision).

IRC:SP:42-2014 Guidelines on Road Drainage

IRC:SP-50-2013 Guidelines on Urban Drainage

Foundations and Substructures (Revised edition with
IRC: 78-2014
Latest amendments.)
CPHEEO Manual Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment systems
Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges with latest
IRC: 112-2011
amendments.
IRC SP: 105-2015 Explanatory Handbook to IRC:112-2011
Guidelines for the design of Small Bridges and Culverts
IRC SP: 13-2004
(First revision).
Guidelines & Specifications for Expansion Joints (First
IRC SP: 69-2011
Revision).
Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Works,
MORTH
2013 (Fifth revision).
Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice (
IS 456:2000
Fourth Revision )
Precast Concrete Manhole Cover and Frame –
IS: 12592:2002
specification.
SOFTWARES STAAD PRO, Auto-CAD 2010, SewerGEMS

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