Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Formulas of Compound
Substance

MELC: Recognize the formulas of common chemical

substances
(K to 12 BEC CG: STEM_GC11MPIa-b-9)

Prepared by:

KAYE ANNE D. SALITAMOS

Teacher III
Marcos National High School
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Formulas of Common Substances
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kaye Anne D. Salitamos
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz
Joye D. Madalipay
Arnel S. Bandiola
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry G. Tabrilla

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos
Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocosnorte@deped.gov.ph
 General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Formulas of Compound
Substance
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Module on Formulas of Common

Substances. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you
in guiding the learners

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Module on Formulas of Common

Substances. This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or

to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

What I Know
what you already know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.
 What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New
you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is it
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice to

What’s More
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I have This includes questions or blank

Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.

What I Can This section provides an activity which will help you
Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you

Activities to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

This is a list of all sources used in developing this
References module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the formulas of common chemical substances. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is focused on Formulas of Common Chemical Compounds.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. use chemical formulas to represent chemical substances; and
2. name some common chemical substances given their formulas and write
formulas given the names of some common chemical substances.
 What I Know

This first part of the module is a pre-assessment activity that allows your
teacher to determine your strengths, weaknesses, knowledge and skills on the
Formulas of Common Chemical Compounds prior to the lesson’s discussion. So, sit
back and read each question comprehensively and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it
to your subject teacher. Be one of the students who practice the virtue of
HONESTY.

1. This refers to the way of expressing in symbols the elements present

in a chemical substance, as well as the number of atoms of each
element present in the chemical substances.
a. Empirical Formula c. Molecular Formula
b. Chemical Formula d. Structural Formula

2. This formula shows the atoms present in a chemical substance, as

well as the number of atoms per element present in it.
a. Molecular c. Structural
b. Chemical d. Empirical

3. Which among the following formulas below shows the simplest form of
the atomic ration in a chemical compound?
a. Molecular c. Structural
b. Chemical d. Empirical

4. The structural formula of chemical substances is a representation of

a. the simplest form of the atomic ration in a chemical substance.
b. a chemical substances’ molecular formula and chemical
composition.
c. atoms present in a chemical substance, as well as the number of
atoms per element present in it.
d. a compound using the symbol of the elements to indicate how the
atoms are arranged and bonded chemically.

5. Which of the following is the molecular formula for acetic acid?

a. CHO2
b. C4HO2
c. CH2O
d. C2H4O2
 Lesso Formulas of Common
n 2 Substances

What’s In

Think about what you call your friends. Some of your friends might have full
names (long names) and a nickname (short name). These are the words we use to
tell others who or what we are referring to. Their full name is like the substances
name and their nickname is like the substance’s formulae. Without these names
your friends would have no idea which of them you are referring to. Chemical
substances have names, just like people have names. This helps scientists to
communicate efficiently.

Now, try this brief drill by writing your chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher. Be one of the students who
practice the virtue of HONESTY.

1. What is the common name of the chemical being used in pencil?

a. Carbon
b. Graphite
c. Calcium carbonate
d. Dichlorobenzene

2. Which of the following is the common name of the chemical being used for
cleaning teeth while brushing?
a. Sodium chloride
b. Sodium fluoride
c. Ethanoic acid
d. Toothpaste

3. Which among the options below is the molecular formula for sugar which is
used in cooking as sweetener?
a. H2O2
b. C12H22O11
c. C9H8O4
d. C2H6O

4. NaOCl is the molecular formula for _______ which is use for cleaning
purposes.
a. Alcohol
b. Soap
c. Bleaching Powder
d. Toothpaste
 5. What is the molecular formula for baking powder?
a. C9H8O4
b. C12H22O11
c. NaHCO3
d. C2H6O

Note the Teachers

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in
the development of this competency including the schema or
background knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module
will help the learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery
of the lesson in its spiral progression.

What is New

Photo Credit: https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/21/world/meast/lebanon-

violence/index.html

A report last August 05, 2020 stated that a massive explosion struck the
port of Beirut, Lebanon on Tuesday, August 4, 2020. Casualty reports currently
indicate at least 135 dead, more than 5,000 injured and hundreds still missing.
Search-and-rescue operations are continuing. The damage, estimated at between
$3 billion and $5 billion, is spread across half the city and has left about
300,000 people homeless. The prime minister stated that the explosion was
caused by the unsafe storage of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate.

How dangerous is ammonium nitrate (H₄N₂O₃), a common chemical

substance?
 What is It

A chemical formula is a way of expressing in symbols the elements present

in a compound, as well as the number of atoms of each element present in the
compound.

A structural formula is a representation of a compound using the symbol of

the elements to indicate how the atoms are arranged and bonded chemically.

A molecular formula shows the atoms present in a compound, as well as

the number of atoms per element present in it.

An empirical formula shows the simplest form of the atomic ration in a

chemical compound.

The molecular formula of a compound can also be its empirical formula if

the atomic ration of the compound is already in its simplest form.

Let us discuss one common chemical substance which is responsible in the

Lebanon explosion – the ammonium nitrate. It has the chemical formula H₄N₂O₃. It
has this structural formula:

What is Ammonium Nitrate?

Ammonium nitrate is an odorless, colorless or white, crystal salt produced

by the reaction of ammonia and nitric acid.

How is Ammonium Nitrate used?

Ammonium nitrate is an important component of many fertilizer mixtures. It

provides a source of nitrogen to plants, which increases growth and crop yields.
Small quantities of ammonium nitrate are also sold as an additive for mining
explosives and other nonagricultural uses.

What are the potential hazards?

Under normal handling conditions, ammonium nitrate is not harmful.

However, inhalation of high concentrations of ammonium nitrate dust can cause
respiratory tract irritation. Symptoms may include: coughing, sore throat,
shortness of breath, or even suffocation. When swallowed in high concentrations,
ammonium nitrate may cause headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting,
bloody diarrhea, weakness, a tingling sensation, heart and circulation
irregularities, convulsions, collapse, and suffocation. Ammonium nitrate forms a
mild acid when mixed with water. This acid can cause irritation to the eyes, nose,
and skin.

Is Ammonium Nitrate flammable or explosive?

Ammonium nitrate rating is non-flammable, a fire from ammonium nitrate is

very unlikely, but it is a strong oxidizing agent that can cause combustible
materials (such as wood, paper, and oil) to ignite. Only under extreme conditions of
heat and pressure in a confined space will ammonium nitrate explode.

What are the Emergency Response procedures?

In the event of a spill or accidental discharge, the fire department will collect
the spilled solid in suitable containers for reuse or disposal.

What should you do if you are exposed to Ammonium Nitrate?

For eye contact:

1. Check for and remove contact lenses.
2. IMMEDIATELY flush eyes with running water for at least 15
minutes, keeping eyelids open.
3. Obtain medical attention if irritation persists.
For skin contact:
1. Wash irritated skin with soap and water.
2. Dry and cover skin with a good quality dermatologic skincare lotion.
3. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

For minor inhalation:

1. Loosen tight clothing.
2. Rest in a well-ventilated area.
3. Obtain medical attention if irritation or symptoms persist.

For severe inhalation:

1. Use proper respiratory protection to evacuate affected individuals to a safe
area as soon as possible.
2. Loosen tight clothing around the neck and waist.
3. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
4. Perform artificial respiration if not breathing.
5. Obtain immediate medical attention.

For ingestion:
1. If conscious, drink several glasses of water or milk and induce vomiting
2. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
3. Lower the head so that the vomit will not reenter the mouth and throat.
4. Obtain medical attention.
What should you do in the event of a local or regional spill?
1. Follow any special instructions given over the radio, T.V., or by someone in
authority.
2. If there is a fire or explosion, stay away from the site. Follow marked
emergency routes or directions from police to travel to your destination.

If there has been a release of toxic vapors follow these steps:

1. Go indoors immediately and close all doors, windows, and openings.
2. Turn on your radio or television to a local news station. (Be prepared to wait
a few minutes for news.)
3. Follow any special instructions given over the radio or television, or by
someone in authority.
4. Shut off all air conditioning units, fans, ventilation systems and clothes
dryers. In winter, turn your furnace to its lowest setting.
5. Evacuate only if advised to do so by local authorities.

You may wish to:

1. Place wet towels at the base of doors or breathe through damp towels.
2. Bring in pets if they are nearby and easily found.

Unless you are told to do so by authorities:

1. DO NOT evacuate or travel.
2. DO NOT bring home children from school, or other family members from
work.
3. DO NOT call other authority for information. Keep your telephone line free.
4. When you have been advised of an ALL CLEAR, open your house to let it air
out by opening windows and doors across from each other to create cross
ventilation.

What’s More

Understand each question below and use your knowledge on the chemical
formulas of common compounds in answering them. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

1. The symbol for carbon is C, and the symbol for sulfur is S. However, the
symbol for cesium is Cs, not CS. Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. What elements are in the following common chemical substances?

 water, H2O _______________________________________________
 table salt, NaCl ___________________________________________
  antacid, CaCO3______________________________________________________________
 sugar, C12H22O11 ___________________________________________________________
 baking soda, NaHCO3_____________________________________________________
3. Write the symbols for the following elements:
 copper - _____
 platinum - _____
 calcium - _____
 manganese - _____
 iron - _____
 barium - _____
 lead - _____
 strontium - _____

What I have Learned

Understand each question below and use your knowledge on the chemical
formulas of common compounds in answering them. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

For the following items, refer to the illustration below:

1. Write the structural formula of the following common chemical

substances:
1.1 water
1.2 carbon dioxide
1.3 acetic acid
 1.4 acetylene
2. Write the molecular formula of the following common chemical
substances:
2.1 water
2.2 carbon dioxide
2.3 acetic acid
2.4 acetylene

What I Can Do

Comprehend each question and answer each scientifically. Write the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is one of the smelliest compounds. Rotten eggs get
their characteristic bad smell from the hydrogen sulfide they release. Can
you infer form this information that elemental sulfur, S 8, is just as smelly?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Name of the following compounds whose uses are being described in each
phrase. Options for the best answer is in the table below, write its letter on
the space provided:

a. Sodium chloride b. Calcium carbonate

c. Carbon dioxide d. Acetic acid
e. Sodium bicarbonate f. Isopropyl alcohol

 used by plants during photosynthesis – ______

 used in food preservation and as a condiment – ______
 used in baking and for cleaning purposes – ______
 used as a construction material – ______
 used as a condiment and for cleaning purposes –_____

3. Write the chemical formula of the following common compounds present in

the table, write the best answer on the space provided:

a. Sodium chloride b. Calcium carbonate

______________ ______________
c. Carbon dioxide d. Acetic acid
______________ ______________
e. Sodium bicarbonate f. Isopropyl alcohol
_____________ ______________
 Assessment

Do what is required in each item below. Write the correct answer on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. Write the chemical formula of the following common substances found at

home:
 Ascorbic acid – ____________________
 Sucrose – _________________________
 Naphthalene – ____________________
 Hydrochloric acid – ________________

2. Give the chemical formula of the following common chemicals given their
common names and common compounds:

Common Name Common Compound Chemical Formula

cream of tartar Potassium bitartrate a.
Lye Sodium hydroxide b.
muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid c.
battery acid Sulfuric acid d.
Ammonia ammonia e.

For items 3, 4 & 5, refer to the figure below and identify the different formulas.

3. ___________ 4. ____________ 5.___________________

3. 4. 5.
 Additional Activities

Understand each question and answer each scientifically. Write the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Match the following substances with their corresponding uses. Write the
best answer in the parentheses provided.
Chemical Substances Uses
( ) potassium bitartrate a. used for in baking
( ) sodium hydroxide b. used in the manufacturing of soaps
( ) sulfuric acid c. used in the production of fertilizers

2. The illustration below is an example of

a. molecular formula
b. structural formula
c. ball-and-stick model
d. space-filling mode
References
Chang, Raymond. 2005. Chemistry, 8th Edition. New York, USA:McGraw-Hill. ISBN
0071241655

McMurry, Johh. 2004. Chemistry, 6 th Edition. Belmont, CA:Brooks/Cole. ISBN

0534420052

Nucum, Zenaida. 2017. General Chemistry 1 For Senior High School. C & E
Publishing Incorporated. ISBN 978-971-98-0610-3

https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/21world/meast/Lebanon-violence/index.html

https://nortechlabs.com/customer-service/articles-press-releases/hazards-
ammonium-nitrate/
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte – Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management Section (SDOIN-CID LRMS)

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocosnorte@deped.gov.ph