Sedimental Basins are proposed to control the impact of erosion and the sedimentation during

construction stage, Land area, for proposed development are 1.0 ha, hence it is become
suitable in used of control purpose.

A) Design of wet sediment pond

Sizing of sediment basin unit

Estimated Catchement area 6.88 ha

Estimated Construction Period >2year
Surface soil type F
75th percetile 5-day storm event 50 mm
Required settling zone volume 140 m3
Required total volume 150 m3
Required settling zone volume for the site, V1 963.2 m3
Required total volume for the site, T1 1032 m3

Settling zone

settling zone depth,y1 1.00 >0.6m

Proposed settling zone width,W1 15
settling zone average length L1 = V1/(W1 x y1) 64.21333
say 66

Check settling zone dimension

L1/y1 64.21333 < 200 1
L1/W1 4.280889 > 2 1

Sediment Storage Zone

Proposed Total Pond Depth, d, 1
Required storage zone,V2 = T1-V1 68.8
Side slope Z 1.5 : 1 (H) : (V)
W2 = W1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 13.5
L2 = L1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 62.71333
V2=Z2y23-Zy22(W2+L2)+y2(W2L2)
68.8 = 1 y2 - 43.11y2 + 399.7y2
3 2
which gives,

proposed y2 = 0.80 0.80 >0.3m

hence,V2 292.6816
y2 > 0.3
V2 40 292.6816 ok !

Overall Basin Dimensions

At Top Water Level

Wtwl = W1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 16.5 m
say 17 m
Ltwl = L1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 65.71333 m
say 66 m
Base:
WB = Wtwl - 2(d/tan45) 14.5 m
say 15 m
LB = Ltwl - 2 (d/tan45) 63.71333 m
say 66 m

Depth
Settling Zone, y1 1.00
Sediment Storage Zone, y2 0.8
Side Slope Z 1.5(H) :1(V)
Total Depth 1.80
SAY 1

Therefore proposed Sedimentation Basin size = 15m x 66m x 1m depth

= 990 m3
Sedimental Basins are proposed to control the impact of erosion and the sedimentation during
construction stage, Land area, for proposed development are 1.0 ha, hence it is become
suitable in used of control purpose.

A) Design of wet sediment pond

Sizing of sediment basin unit

Estimated Catchement area 6.88 ha

Estimated Construction Period >2year
Surface soil type F
75th percetile 5-day storm event 50 mm
Required settling zone volume 80 m3
Required total volume 150 m3
Required settling zone volume for the site, V1 550.4 m3
Required total volume for the site, T1 1032 m3

Settling zone

settling zone depth,y1 2.50 >0.6m

Proposed settling zone width,W1 30
settling zone average length L1 = V1/(W1 x y1) 7.3387
say 10

Check settling zone dimension

L1/y1 2.9355 < 200 1
L1/W1 0.2446 > 2 0

Sediment Storage Zone

Proposed Total Pond Depth, d, 1

Required storage zone,V2 = T1-V1 481.6
Side slope Z 1.5 : 1 (H) : (V)
W2 = W1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 28.5
L2 = L1-2 x (d1/2) x Z 5.8387
V2=Z y -Zy (W2+L2)+y2(W2L2)
2
2
3
2
2

481.6 = 2.25 y2 - 104y2 +2079y2

3 2
which gives,
 proposed y2 = 2.10 2.10 >0.3m

hence,V2 4247.2
y2 > 0.3
V2 >4200 4247.2 ok !

Overall Basin Dimensions

At Top Water Level

Wtwl = W1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 33.75 m
say 34 m
Ltwl = L1 + 2 x Z x y1 / 2 11.089 m
say 80 m

Base:
WB = Wtwl - 2(d/tan45) 31.75 m
say 80 m
LB = Ltwl - 2 (d/tan45) 9.0887 m
say 300 m

Depth
Settling Zone, y1 2.50
Sediment Storage Zone, y2 2.1
Side Slope Z 1.5(H) :1(V)
Total Depth 4.60
SAY 2

Therefore proposed Sedimentation Basin size = 30m x 80m x 2m depth

= 4800 m3
years
Design of Sediment Basin's Outlet
Estimation of Discharge Units
Estimated Catchment Area, A 6.88
Minor system design ARI, 10 year
Average Overland slope, So in percentage 0.200%
Overland travelling Distance, Do in meter 7000
Values of Manning's 'n' for overland Flow 0.03
Overland Flow Time, to in minutes 41.24107
drain length, Ld in meter 200
Estimated slope of drain, Sd 0.002
Values of Manning's 'n' for channel flow 0.35 design chart 26.1
Hydraulic Radius, R in meter (A/P) 0.11
Estimated Velocity for Channel Flow 0.029313 m/s
Drain Flow Time,td 5.984677 min
Time of concentration,tc = td + to 47.22575 min

The equation 13.2 shall be used to derived the design rainfall intensities

Calculation Average rainfall intesity (mm/hr) for 10 year ARI and 68 minute duration

Coefficient of the IDF curve (Alor Setar)

ARI (yrs) a b c d
2 5.6790 -0.0276 -0.0993 0.0033
5 4.9709 0.5460 -0.2176 0.0113
10 5.6422 0.1575 -0.1329 0.0056
20 5.8203 0.1093 -0.1248 0.0053
50 5.7420 0.2273 -0.1481 0.0068
100 6.3202 -0.0778 -0.0849 0.0026 time of concentration, tc
tc = 25 min
Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr) for various duration (minutes) Minor System Design ARI =
ARI (yrs) 30.00 60 120.00 180 FD = 0
2 96.18 62.04527 37.83 27.6602
5 116.20 76.26615 46.40 33.80814 I 30 = 129.13 mm/hr
10 129.13 85.07488 52.70 38.87738 P30 = 85.07 mm/hr
20 142.15 93.64202 58.25 43.14782
50 159.08 105.2852 65.49 48.46444 I 60 = 85.07 mm/hr
100 176.93 116.3822 72.76 54.09836 P60 = 85.07 mm/hr

Rainfall depth (mm) for various duration (minutes) from equation 13.3,
ARI (yrs) 30.00 60 120.00 180 P15 = P30 - FD(P60 - P30)
2 48.09 62.04527 75.65 82.9806 = 85.07 mm
5 58.10 76.26615 92.81 101.4244
10 64.56 85.07488 105.40 116.6321 Therefore ,
20 71.07 93.64202 116.50 129.4435 I15 = 204.18 mm/hr
50 79.54 105.2852 130.98 145.3933
100 88.46 116.3822 145.51 162.2951 C = 0.65
 Q10 C.I.A/360
= 2.53637 cu.m/s

Losses
Orifice Discharge coefficient,Cd 0.62
entrance loss Factor,Ke 1.601457
Darcy-Weisbach fiction loss coefficient,f 0.02
Fiction Loss Factor.Kf 0.04708
Outlet loss factor, Ko 0.5
Bend Loss Factor,Kb 0

Total loss factor KL = Kt + Ke+ Kf + Kb + Ko 2.788537

manning's coefficient, n 0.011

Diameter of pipe,d 0.3
Area of pipe, A 0.073823
Water depth at the upstream invert of pipe, ys 2.6
Water depth at the downstream invert of pipe,ye 0.2
Pipe Longitudinal slopes,s 0.005
Pipe length, L 5

Pipe capacity,Q = A.(2g.(ys+S,L-ye)/KL)0.5 1.239191

> 2.536366 o.k

Frequency of Maintenance
Calculation of sediment loads

Average 6 months Rainfall Depth = 1841mm

Condition Cv EMC Runoff Annual Runoff Load Volume

(g/m3) Depth(mm)(m3) (tonnes) (m3)
Construction stage 0.4 4000 736 15464.4 61.86 82.48

Example calculation
Weighted average annual runoff coefficient,Cv 0.4
Event Mean Concentration,EMC 4000
Average 6 month Rainfall depth 1841

Runoff depth Cv x Average 6 month Rainfall Depth

0.4 x 1841
736mm
Annual Runoff (m3) 21000 x 0.329
15464.4

Load(tonnes) 4000 / 1000000 x 1546.4

61.86

Volume (m3) 61.86tonnes / 750kg/m3 x 1000

82.48

Conclusion

The total sediment volume for Max. 6 month Rainthfall Depth arcordig to data provided from
JPS website (http :\\infobanjir.moa.my) are 82.48 m3 and it is less than quater of storage volume
of proposed sediment basin 1247 m3. Hence, it is safe to assumen that 6 month
maintenance are adequate to maintain the efficiency of the proposed wet sediment basin.
10
4. FREQUENCY OF MAINTENANCE

FINAL DISCHARGE AT QB

1 Catchment area, B = 187000 m2

= 46.21 acre
= 18.70 ha
a. Flow Time, to = 45 minit
b. Length drain = 783 meter
c. Drain time, td = 13.1 minit
d. Time of concentration,tc = 58.1 minit
SAY 60
2 Rainfall Intensity:
ARI refer Table 4.1 = 5 tahun
Alor Setar
ARI a = 4.9709
b = 0.5460
c = -0.2176
d = 0.0113
In ( I30)
5
= a + b In(t) + c In(t2) + d In(t3)
Assume, t = 30 minit, 60 minit
5
I30 = 116.20 mm/hr
5
P30 = 58.10 mm
5
I60 = 76.27 mm/hr
5
P60 = 76.27 mm

3 Design Capacity Before Development

a. Catchment area (m2) 250000
(acres) 61.78
b. Rainfall Intensity , i5 (mm/hr) 116.20
c. Runoff Coefficient, C 0.56
d. Discharge capacity, Q5PRE (m3/s) 4.52
Q = C x i5 x A (ft3/s) 159.46

4 Design Capacity After Development

a. Adjustment factor for strom duration , FD = 0

b. Design rainfall dept Pd = P30 - FD ( P60 - P30)

= 58.10 mm

c. Oleh itu I30

5
= 60.1 mm/hr

d. Runoff Coefficient 'C' dari Design Chart 14.3 = 0.4

e. Discharge Capacity QR = C RIt A / 360

Q5 post = 1.25 m3/ sec
5 Capacity of Earth Drain
Q prov = A.V

V = 1 x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n

Top of Drain (w1) 0.900 m

Width (w2) 0.800 m
Depth = 0.900 m
Slope = 1/ 150
n = 0.020
Cross sect. Area = 0.77 m2
Perimeter = 2.60 m
R = A/P = 0.29
From analysis V = Q /A =
2
1.80 m/s
Q post drain = Q2 = 1.38 m3/s > 1.25 OK

Therefore use temporary earthdrain with trapezoidal shape of 0.9m x 0.8m x 0.9m
4. FREQUENCY OF MAINTENANCE

FINAL DISCHARGE AT QC

1 Catchment area, C = 100000 m2

= 24.71 acre
= 10.00 ha
a. Flow Time, to = 20 minit
b. Length drain = 783 meter
c. Drain time, td = 13.1 minit
d. Time of concentration,tc = 33.1 minit
SAY 35
2 Rainfall Intensity:
ARI refer Table 4.1 = 5 tahun
Alor Setar
ARI a = 4.9709
b = 0.5460
c = -0.2176
d = 0.0113
In ( I30)
5
= a + b In(t) + c In(t2) + d In(t3)
Assume, t = 30 minit, 60 minit
5
I30 = 116.20 mm/hr
5
P30 = 58.10 mm
5
I60 = 76.27 mm/hr
5
P60 = 76.27 mm

3 Design Capacity Before Development

a. Catchment area (m2) 250000
(acres) 61.78
b. Rainfall Intensity , i5 (mm/hr) 116.20
c. Runoff Coefficient, C 0.56
d. Discharge capacity, Q5PRE (m3/s) 4.52
Q = C x i5 x A (ft3/s) 159.46

4 Design Capacity After Development

a. Adjustment factor for strom duration , FD = 0.47

b. Design rainfall dept Pd = P30 - FD ( P60 - P30)

= 49.56 mm

c. Oleh itu I30

5
= 90.0 mm/hr

d. Runoff Coefficient 'C' dari Design Chart 14.3 = 0.45

e. Discharge Capacity QR = C RIt A / 360

Q5 post = 1.12 m3/ sec
5 Capacity of Earth Drain
Q prov = A.V

V = 1 x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n

Top of Drain (w1) 0.900 m

Width (w2) 0.800 m
Depth = 0.900 m
Slope = 1/ 200
n = 0.020
Cross sect. Area = 0.77 m2
Perimeter = 2.60 m
R = A/P = 0.29
From analysis V = Q /A =
2
1.56 m/s
Q post drain = Q2 = 1.19 m3/s > 1.12 OK

Therefore use temporary earthdrain with trapezoidal shape of 0.9m x 0.8m x 0.9m
4. FREQUENCY OF MAINTENANCE

FINAL DISCHARGE AT QA

1 Catchment area, A = 68448.52 m2

= 16.91 acre
= 6.84 ha
a. Flow Time, to = 12 minit
b. Length drain = 500 meter
c. Drain time, td = 8.3 minit
d. Time of concentration,tc = 20.3 minit
SAY 25
2 Rainfall Intensity:
ARI refer Table 4.1 = 5 tahun
Pulau Pinang
ARI a = 3.9599
b = 1.1284
c = -0.3240
d = 0.0180
In ( I30)
5
= a + b In(t) + c In(t2) + d In(t3)
Assume, t = 30 minit, 60 minit
5
I30 = 116.51 mm/hr
5
P30 = 58.25 mm
5
I60 = 80.16 mm/hr
5
P60 = 80.16 mm

3 Design Capacity Before Development

a. Catchment area (m2) 68448.52
(acres) 16.91
b. Rainfall Intensity , i5 (mm/hr) 116.51
c. Runoff Coefficient, C 0.9
d. Discharge capacity, Q5PRE (m3/s) 1.99
Q = C x i5 x A (ft3/s) 70.35

4 Design Capacity After Development

a. Adjustment factor for strom duration , FD = 1.33

b. Design rainfall dept Pd = P30 - FD ( P60 - P30)

= 29.12 mm

c. Oleh itu I30

5
= 85.9 mm/hr

d. Runoff Coefficient 'C' dari Design Chart 14.3 = 0.9

e. Discharge Capacity QR = C RIt A / 360

Q5 post = 1.47 m3/ sec
5 Capacity of Earth Drain
Q prov = A.V

V = 1 x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n

Top of Drain (w1) 0.900 m

Width (w2) 0.800 m
Depth = 0.900 m
Slope = 1/ 300
n = 0.013
Cross sect. Area = 0.77 m2
Perimeter = 2.60 m
R = A/P = 0.29
From analysis V = Q2/A = 1.96 m/s
Q post drain = Q2 = 1.50 m3/s > 1.47 OK

Therefore use temporary earthdrain with trapezoidal shape of 0.9m x 0.8m x 0.9m
 0.02
20.31976
80