Pentacam: Instruction Manual

Pentacam
Instruction Manual
Measurement and Evaluation System for
the Anterior Chamber of the Eye
Copyright by G/70700/0404/e
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Pentacam Instruction Manual
Foreword
We thank you for the trust you have put in this The Pentacam is the newest product in the
OCULUS-product. With the purchase of this Oculus line. It is based on the Scheimpflug
instrument, you have chosen a modern, principle, which generates precise, sharp images
sophisticated product, which was manufactured of the anterior eye segment. Our painstaking
and tested according to strict quality criteria. product development has produced an
instrument that takes extremely accurate
Ongoing research and development are of measurements and is easy to use.
benefit to you but can result in changes in
certain features of the product as well as in To assure safe operation, it is imperative that the
extent of supply. instrument is used properly. Therefore, you
Therefore, in individual cases the diagrams should become thoroughly familiar with the
shown in this instruction manual might not content of the instruction manual before putting
correspond completely with the features of the the instrument into operation.
product you received.
If you have questions or desire further
Our enterprise has been doing business for over information on this product, call, fax or email us.
100 years. Today OCULUS is a medium-sized Our service team will be glad to help you.
enterprise concentrating completely on helping
ophthalmologists, optometrists and opticians to OCULUS Optikgeräte
carry out their responsible work by supplying an Managing director and management team
optimal range of instruments for examinations
and surgery on the eye.
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Table of Contents
1 Scope of supplies and optional accessories ...........................................................................................5
2 Safety precautions...................................................................................................................................6
3 Description of unit....................................................................................................................................7
4 Use in accordance with regulations ........................................................................................................7
5 Start-up....................................................................................................................................................8
5.1 Setting up and installing equipment.................................................................................................8
5.1.1 Software Installation on separate PC´s ....................................................................................8
5.2 Transport and storage......................................................................................................................8
6 Patient data management .....................................................................................................................10
6.1 Selecting patients...........................................................................................................................11
6.2 Adding new patients.......................................................................................................................11
6.3 Starting the examination program..................................................................................................11
6.4 Deleting / reallocating examinations ..............................................................................................12
6.5 Patient data ....................................................................................................................................13
6.5.1 Renaming patients..................................................................................................................13
6.5.2 Deleting patient data...............................................................................................................13
6.5.3 Exporting patient data.............................................................................................................13
6.5.4 Importing patient data .............................................................................................................14
6.5.5 Backup ....................................................................................................................................15
6.5.5.1 Saving data......................................................................................................................15
6.5.5.2 Reconstructing data.........................................................................................................15
6.5.5.3 Automatic backup ............................................................................................................16
6.5.5.4 Loading previous examinations.......................................................................................16
6.6 Changing settings ..........................................................................................................................17
7 The Pentacam program ........................................................................................................................19
7.1 The Examination Program .............................................................................................................20
7.1.1 Setting up and performing measurements .............................................................................22
7.1.2 Important information on the acquisition of Scheimpflug images...........................................23
7.2 Settings ..........................................................................................................................................24
7.2.1 Brightness/Contrast ................................................................................................................24
7.2.2 Changing Settings ..................................................................................................................26
7.3 The evaluation programs ...............................................................................................................28
7.3.1 Overview display.....................................................................................................................28
7.3.2 Chamber Analysis...................................................................................................................30
7.3.3 Virtual Eye...............................................................................................................................31
7.3.4 Colored maps, large ...............................................................................................................33
7.3.4.1 Pachymetry......................................................................................................................34
7.3.4.2 Topography .....................................................................................................................35
7.3.4.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................35
7.3.4.2.2 Keratometer values......................................................................................................35
7.3.4.2.3 Curvature radius ..........................................................................................................36
7.3.4.2.4 Topography of the anterior surface .............................................................................37
7.3.4.2.5 Topography of the posterior surface ...........................................................................38
7.3.4.3 Elevation data..................................................................................................................39
7.3.4.3.1 Reference bodies ........................................................................................................40
7.3.4.3.2 Applications of the elevation display method ..............................................................41
7.3.4.3.3 Anterior elevation map.................................................................................................42
7.3.4.3.4 Posterior elevation map...............................................................................................43
7.3.4.4 True Net Power ...............................................................................................................45
7.3.4.5 Keratometric Deviation ....................................................................................................46
7.3.4.6 Anterior Chamber Depth .................................................................................................47
7.3.5 Scheimpflug Images ...............................................................................................................49
7.3.5.1 3D-Scan large..................................................................................................................49
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7.3.5.2 Manual measurement function ........................................................................................50

7.3.5.3 Zoom function..................................................................................................................51
7.3.6 Densitometric quantification ...................................................................................................52
7.3.7 Tomography............................................................................................................................53
8 Artefacts ................................................................................................................................................55
9 Maintenance..........................................................................................................................................56
9.1 Care and maintenance...................................................................................................................56
9.2 Elimination of errors and malfunction ............................................................................................56
9.2.1 Replacement of fuses .............................................................................................................56
9.2.2 Error detection ........................................................................................................................56
10 Conditions of warranty and service ...................................................................................................58
10.1 Conditions of warranty................................................................................................................58
10.2 Liability for malfunction and damages........................................................................................58
10.3 Address of manufacturer and service department .....................................................................59
11 Appendix............................................................................................................................................59
11.1 Declaration of conformity............................................................................................................59
11.2 Pentacam Calibration Data CD ..................................................................................................60
11.2.1 Installation of calibration files..................................................................................................60
11.3 Formatting a CD-ROM for data protection .................................................................................60
11.3.1 Formatting procedure .............................................................................................................61
11.3.2 Example of how to to save a single examination ...................................................................63
12 Technical data ...................................................................................................................................64
12.1 Minimum PC-requirements.........................................................................................................64
13 Key words ..........................................................................................................................................65
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Scope of supplies and optional accessories
Pentacam E: 70700
Including:
• Pentacam mounted on x-y-z moveable base
• Head and chin rest
• Power supply unit input 100-240Volt, output 5V, 1A 05150150
• Plate for mounting on refraction unit or table (size 28 x 36cm) 70517-01-006
• USB hub 05200540
• License key 70740
• Y-cable 70700-07-001
• Testing protocol for electronic safety
• Instruction manual G / 70700/.../e
• Dust cover 60100-5/1
• Paper for chin rest 65313
• WindowsTM software package and manuals
• Mouse
• Software CD
• Calibration CD
Optional applications:
• Software module for pachymetry 70721
• Software module for densitometry 70722
• Software module for 3D chamber analyzer 70723
• Software module for corneal topography, front and rear surface 70724
Optional:
• Color printer 70520

• Software module for separate working place 70702
• Foot pedal option
We reserve the right to make changes in extent of supply if called for by technical developments.
2
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Safety precautions
The legislator expects the manufacturer to is impossible to make a connection, check to see
inform the user of safety precaution measures whether the plug fits into the socket. In case you
which should be taken when operating this ascertain a defect, have it repaired by our
instrument. The following chapter contains a service team.
summary of the most important information on When disconnecting electrical connections,
technical safety features of the Pentacam. always pull on the plugs, not on the cables.
Further safety precautions are incorporated into Supplementary equipment which is connected to
the text of this instruction manual and are the analog or digital interfaces of the instrument
indicated by this symbol: must comply with pertinent EN- / IEC
specifications. All configurations must conform
consistently to norm IEC 601 -1.
Please heed these precautions.
If the Pentacam is coupled with non-medical
Please save this instruction manual and ensure electrical equipment (for ex. data processing
that it is accessible to operating personnel at all equipment) this must not result in a decrease of
times. This instrument must only be used for the patient safety beyond the tolerance levels laid
“Use in accordance with regulations” as laid down in IEC 601-1. If the coupling of equipment
down in section 4 of this instruction manual and causes the tolerance levels for leakage current
operated by persons who can assure that the to be exceeded, safety features, which include a
instrument is used properly on the basis of their disconnection device, must be provided for.
training, expertise or practical experience.
Do not operate the delivered equipment
Before using this instrument for the first time, ο in areas with risk of explosion,
you must be instructed on how to use it by our ο in the presence of flammable anesthetics or
staff or an authorized dealer. volatile solvents such as alcohol, benzene or
similar substances.
Only operate the instrument with the original
components supplied from OCULUS Do not use or store the instrument in damp
Optikgeraete GmbH and if the instrument is in rooms. Avoid placing the instrument in the
good working condition. Should the instrument vicinity of dripping, running or spraying water
be defective, do not operate it; contact the and ensure that no moisture can penetrate the
supplier. instrument. For this reason, do not place any
containers filled with fluids near the instrument.
Please observe the legally binding accident When cleaning the instrument with a damp cloth,
prevention regulations. be sure that no moisture enters it.
The instrument may only be used in medical Do not cover up ventilation holes.
facilities, which comply with VDE regulations
0107. Important to note: this instrument is a high-
Before maintenance and cleaning the quality technical product. In order to assure
instrument, always pull out the plug of the faultless and safe operation, we recommend that
Pentacam and all equipment attached to it, for our service team inspect the instrument every
example PC and printer. two years. If a defect arises which you cannot
eliminate yourself, mark the instrument as
Do not connect cables if this proves difficult. If it defective and notify our service department.
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Description of unit
The OCULUS Pentacam is a rotating The densitometry of the lens is automatically

Scheimpflug camera. The rotational measuring quantified.
procedure generates Scheimpflug images in The Scheimpflug images taken during the
three dimensions, with the dot matrix fine- examination are digitalized in the main unit and
meshed in the center due to the rotation. It takes all image data are transferred to the PC.
a maximum of 2 seconds to generate a complete When the examination is finished, the PC
image of the anterior eye segment. Any eye calculates a 3D- virtual model of the anterior eye
movement is detected by a second camera and segment, from which all additional information is
corrected for in the process. The Pentacam derived.
calculates a 3-dimensional model of the anterior
eye segment from as many as 25,000 true The measurements are displayed on the monitor
elevation points. in the form of colored maps, diagrams and 3D
images.
The topography and pachymetry of the entire When evaluating acquired images please keep
anterior and posterior surface of the cornea from in mind the possibility of artefacts arising, as
limbus to limbus are calculated and depicted. described in chapter 8 Artefacts.
The analysis of the anterior eye segment The company OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH
includes a calculation of the chamber angle, emphasizes that the user bears the full
chamber volume and chamber height and a responsibility for the correctness of data
manual measuring function at any location in the measured, calculated or displayed using the
anterior chamber of the eye. In a moveable Pentacam. The manufacture will not accept
virtual eye, images of the anterior and posterior claims based on erroneous data.
surface of the cornea, the iris and the anterior
and posterior surface of the lens are generated.
4 Use in accordance with regulations
For the USA-Market only: Caution: Federal The OCULUS Pentacam is intended for use in
law restricts this device to sale by or on the clinics and ophthalmologists’ practices. It is to be
order of a physician, or with the descriptive used in connection with the examination station
designation of any other practitioner licensed intended for it.
by the law of the State in which he practices
to use or order the use of this device. It must only be operated with the original
components supplied from us and in good
The OCULUS Pentacam is a measuring device technically condition.
used to examine the anterior eye segment and
must only be used for the purposes specified in The special power supply unit (see instrument
this instruction manual. specification) must be used. Other forms of
power supply must not be used.
Therefore, only trained personnel capable of
using it properly on the basis of their training, Observe the safety precautions stated on the
expertise and practical experience must use it. previous page!
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Start-up
5.1 Setting up and installing equipment
Before initial operation, the “OCULUS be more than 10 °C to avoid fogging of the
Pentacam“ examination station must be set up internal optics.
and connected by our service department or If the difference in temperature is greater
your authorized dealer. than 10°C, please leave the system at least
Please keep the CD-ROMs, which include the for 6 hours until the temperature of the
Pentacam software and the calibration data, in a instrument has adapted to room temperature.
safe place. The Pentacam must be placed in such a way
For installation on a PC or laptop, please contact as to prevent direct light from influencing the
our service department or your authorized measurements. A reflex-free examination
dealer. must be assured. Therefore, the Pentacam
should be used in a darkened room.
Before installing the Pentacam please
consider the transport, storage and current This is an optical device and should be handled
room temperature where the device is to be with due care. Do not subject it to vibrations,
installed. The difference between the jolts, contamination or high temperatures.
temperature of the installation room and the
storage or transport temperature should not
5.1.1 Software Installation on separate PC´s
The Pentacam software is network compatible. This license includes an operator’s manual, an
This makes it possible to install the Pentacam installation manual, a software CD-ROM and a
Software on several PCs connected in a hardware license key (“dongle”), which has to be
network. A software protection tool is included in connected to the serial or USB port of the PC
software versions V1.03 and higher. The where the Pentacam software is installed.
Pentacam software shows only the demo Please be sure also to install the Calibration CD-
examinations. To look at individual examinations ROM. For information that is more detailed
on an external PC you will need to buy a please contact your authorized dealer or our
software license from your authorized dealer. Service department.
5.2 Transport and storage
Should you ever transport the instrument to to the new environmental conditions before
another place, do so with particular care. Avoid putting it into operation.
placing it near heating units or in a damp The transport and storage specifications
environment during operation as well as storage. required by IEC 601 - 1 are:
Check the instrument for defects after any
Ambient temperature: -40° C to +70° C
transport. Do not under any circumstances put a
defective instrument into operation, but rather Relative humidity including
contact our service department. Condensation: 10% to 100%
If you store the instrument in a cold room or in a
vehicle in cold weather, the optical components Air pressure: 500 hPa to 1060 hPa
of the instrument can become fogged up in the These tolerance levels are valid for packaged
case of an extreme change of temperature from products for a period of no more than 15 weeks.
cold to warm. Give the instrument time to adapt
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This side international lefts blank
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Patient data management
First switch on the PC or Laptop and then the Pentacam.
After power-on, the PC loads the can be started by mouse click, by pressing down
operation system and then displays the any key or by clicking on the OCULUS icon
OCULUS Logo. The patient data administration twice.
In order to access the examination program, field or a patient must be selected from the
either a new patient must be entered in the first directory of already existing patients.
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6.1 Selecting patients
On the left side of the monitor, all previously In order to find the desired patient in the list
examined patients are listed alphabetically. quickly it is advisable to enter the name of the
patient in the patient field (upper left). After entry
If more patients are listed than can be displayed of each new letter, the entry in the directory is
on the monitor, the list can be scrolled up or searched for and displayed.
down with the help of the Windows scroll bar. The patient can also be searched for via his ID
number.
To select more than one patient or more than
one examination, move the mouse with pressed If the patient’s name has been found in the
left mouse button or use the shift + arrow button directory, it is transferred to the patient window
of the keyboard. by clicking on the entry. At the same time, the
already existing examinations of the patient
appear in the examination window (lower right).
6.2 Adding new patients
To add a new patient to the patient When [File] is activated the following message
administration first [Clear] should be activated in appears:
order to delete the previous patient from the „No patient data found!“
patient window. Then the complete last name, „Should the patient be registered?“ Via
first name and birth date must be entered into [Register new patient] the patient is entered
the patient window (upper left). into the list of patients.
An ID number for the patient can be entered, but
this is not obligatory.
6.3 Starting the examination program
After selecting the patient, the examination By double-clicking on the patient’s name the
program can be started by activating examination program is started as well. It is also
[Pentacam]. If an examination is clicked on in possible to start the examination program by
the examination window as well, it is double-clicking on “previous examination”. Then
automatically loaded in the examination this examination is also automatically loaded in
program. the examination program.
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6.4 Deleting / reallocating examinations
Underneath the list of examinations you will find

two buttons. They can be used to activate
functions, which always refer to the previously
marked examination:
[Delete exam]
This function makes it possible to delete
individual examinations from the patient data.
After activating the button, one will be asked if
one really wants to delete the examination.
[Move examination]
If the wrong patient’s name was inadvertently
selected when performing an examination, the
results of the examination can be allocated to
the proper patient afterwards.
After activating [Move examination] in the
patient data administration, the patient directory
is displayed.
The desired patient can now be selected from
this directory (scroll down to correct line and
click).
If the correct patient name has been found and
selected, the examination data is allocated to the
patient by activating [Move examination].
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6.5 Patient data
6.5.1 Renaming patients
Patient data can be changed later by activating

[Rename patient] (under the patient directory).
In the window, which now appears (on the top

right) – “Change patient data” – patient data
can be corrected.
By activating the [Update] button the changes

are recorded.
6.5.2 Deleting patient data
Patient data can be deleted via [Delete patient] Caution! Ö Before data are actually deleted,
. one must confirm twice that all the examinations
performed on the patient as well as all patient
data from the patient data administration are to
be removed.
6.5.3 Exporting patient data
This function makes it possible to transfer

patient and examination data to another file or
from a PC to other types of data carriers (for
example floppies).
After activating the [Export] button in the patient

data management, a window will appear which
has two buttons.
The upper field designates the data record,
which is being exported, and the lower one
serves to designate the target data carrier.
In the field “Directory” the drive to which the data
record is to be transferred (for ex. “A:\“) has to
be entered. While clicking to the button with the
three dots, a selection field opens to export the
chosen patients and examinations directly to an
existing file.
A subdirectory can be created at the same time.
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• “Including CCD Images”

It is possible to extract the camera images • “Save all data in one file”
from a data record, as data without camera This field is a special function to export
images requires less memory space. patient data and examinations in one file for
an easy sending via e-mail.
• “Memory space”
The two memory space specifications show • By activating the [Export] button the data
how much memory space is required and record is transferred. [Cancel] deactivates
how much memory space is available on the the function without transferring data.
target data carrier.
6.5.4 Importing patient data
(For ex. from a floppy or CD-ROM to the hard A patient directory shows which patients are
disc or to a file of the PC) registered on the data carrier. In the same way,
the examinations performed on a patient are
[Import] activates this function. listed after the patient has been selected.
Should only one examination be imported, click
“Directory” on the appropriate line in the list of
In this field the letter which designates the drive examinations.
and, if it exists, the subdirectory of the source
from which the data are being imported are Importing data is initiated by activating [Import
entered. data].
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6.5.5 Backup
6.5.5.1 Saving data
[Backup] opens up the backup window. This reduce amount of memory space required.
consists of two fields: This is useful when saving data on floppies.
“Save” and “Restore”.
In these fields, the directory can be marked in

which the data are to be saved or from which it is
to be loaded, for ex. “F:\” for an external drive
with exchangeable data carriers (replacement
disc).
Saving data can proceed according to various

criteria:
Tip Ö Saving data can be very time-consuming
• “Save all data” depending upon the amount of data. Therefore,
All patient and examination data are saved. you should perform this function when the PC
(or the Pentacam) will not be needed for some
• “Changed and new data only” time.
Only such data are saved which has been
changed or added since data was last To initiate data storage, activate [Save].
saved.
• “Including CCD image”

This function can be deactivated in order to
6.5.5.2 Reconstructing data
The reconstruction of saved data can also be the backup data carrier.
carried out according to various criteria:
• “Add examinations”
• “Delete existing data first” This function adds the examination data
This function deletes all currently saved of the data carrier to the already existing
examination data of the patients before examination data of the patient.
reconstructing the patient data on the
data carrier. Thus after data • [Restore] activates the reloading of data
reconstruction only the examinations are from the backup data carrier into the
recorded which are also to be found on system.
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6.5.5.3 Automatic backup
It is also possible to save backup data This function is activated in the “Settings”
automatically. When exiting an examination menu.
program the new examination data are always This function should only be used if an additional
saved automatically. drive with replaceable data carriers is available.
6.5.5.4 Loading previous examinations
The saved examinations performed on selected examinations. Simply click on desired

patients can be reloaded with the help of the examination and confirm with [OK] (the
“Load” function in the “Examination” menu. displayed examination can also be reloaded by
The selection is made via a displayed list of double-clicking on it).
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6.6 Changing settings
After [Settings] is activated, the menu • Automatic backup

“Change settings” appears. Here the patient This activates the automatic backup function
data administration can be adjusted according to (click on “Enable”).
your individual wishes.
The backup index in which the data are to be
• Language saved has to be entered. This index is also
To select the language, German or English, used in the normal backup function as
which the program should use. backup index.
It is also possible to designate whether
camera images should be saved when data
• Date format
are saved automatically or not.
To choose the order in which date is entered:
Day/Month/Year (DMY), • Sort
Month/Day/Year (MDY), The patient directory can be sorted according
Year/Month/Day (YMD), to the name or ID number of the patient.
as well as to choose type of punctuation. If the patient’s name is used to find the
patient, then it is advisable to sort the
directory according to name.
If the patient’s data are loaded according to
the patient’s ID number, then the directory
should be sorted according to ID number.
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• Date • Size of keyboard

In this field the system time and date can be The size of the virtual keyboard can be
changed. selected here.
• Import / Export • If [Use] is activated, the selected setting is

To enter the drive, and if applicable also the used for all further steps of the program.
subdirectory from which or into which data When restarting the program the saved
are to be exported. settings will be reloaded, however.
• Keyboard • By activating [Save] the selected setting can

If “simulate” is clicked on, then [Keyboard] be saved. Then this setting will be loaded
appears next to the field where the patient’s every time the program is restarted.
name is entered. If this is activated, a virtual
keyboard appears via which the patient’s • [Cancel] deletes the selected alterations and
name can be entered. deactivates the function.
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7 The Pentacam program
To start the examination program first select the Display

patient and an examination in the patient data This function is used to select the form in which
management and confirm this via [Pentacam]. the results of an examination should be
displayed.
After loading the examination program of the
“Pentacam“, the patient data (top left), as well as
the menu bar for operating the program, appear.
The menu bar consists of the following functions:
• Patient
Ends the examination program and returns to
patient administration.
• Examination
Loads previous examinations or performs
new ones.
• Settings
Here various program settings can be
selected.
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7.1 The Examination Program
• Start the examination program and select the reached, a black cross is shown in the center
“Scan” function in the “Examination” menu. of the alignment screen and the
measurement starts.
• The eye to be examined is recognized by the
automatic left/right detection and identified in • Instead of using the automatic release, you
the “Eye” field. can also take the measurement by activating
the foot pedal or the “Scan” button.
• The left, upper image is called the
“Orientation display”. It contains • Activating the “Quit” button interrupts the
information on the eye to be examined and measurement.
the current position of the camera in the
Enhanced Dynamic Scheimpflug image • The “Light” button in the lower center
mode. The position of the camera can be switches the blue illumination of the eye on
selected by clicking on the small white rings. and off. It is used for screening purposes in
order to get an impression of the condition of
the eye’s lens without dilating the pupil, thus
• If “Scheimpflug image” is selected, only enhancing the patient’s comfort. The
one Scheimpflug image will be generated. Pentacam is now set in the prescribed way,
The desired camera position can be selected the blue light is switched off by clicking the
by clicking on the white rings in the “Light” button and in the pupil image one
orientation display. can see the patient’s pupil becoming dilated.
Then the measurement is initiated manually.
• In the “Enhanced Dynamic Scheimpflug This function is only useful when generating
image” field one chooses whether 5, 10 or individual images, however.
15 Scheimpflug images should be taken from
a single camera position. The mean value of • The “live Scheimpflug image” (lower left)
the individual images is taken and describes the orientation of the measuring
represented as one single image. The head in z-direction, i.e. the distance to the
camera position can be selected as desired patient’s eye. The “image of the pupil”
by clicking on the white rings in the (upper center) shows the orientation of the
orientation display. This kind of imaging is measuring head in vertical or horizontal
suitable for a purely densitometric direction. These two representations are for
assessment of the lens. preadjustment. The small blue circle
• In the “3D Scan” field 12, 25 or 50 images represents the center of the pupil; the big
can be selected per scan. The scans then blue circle marks the pupil. The yellow circle
differ in the number of evaluated measuring marks the apex of the cornea.
points and the length of the examination. This
type of examination must be selected to • The measurement starts automatically when
evaluate the pachymetry and topography and the “Automatic Release” button is activated.
the 3D anterior chamber analysis. A black cross in the center of the alignment
screen shows the point of automatic release.
• The “Automatic Release” button (lower
right) enables or disables the automatic
release. Please activate this function before
starting the alignment.
• The alignment screen (lower center)

provides information for the fine alignment.
The arrows show the direction in which the
instrument has to be moved to reach the
point of automatic release. When this point is
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If automatic release is not activated, the If the 3D-Scan mode was selected, the first
measurement is initiated by activating the foot Scheimpflug image, which was recorded, is
pedal or the “Start Scan” button. shown on the overview display (Overview). All of
the following images can be displayed and
Before the measurement is initiated, or the point examined individually.
of automatic release is reached, the patient
should be asked to open his eye as far as From the recorded Scheimpflug images, the
possible. system calculates a Virtual Eye of the anterior
eye segment. From this, all further information
After the measurement is initiated, the images such as the anterior chamber analysis, the
are transferred to the PC digitally and displayed. topography and the pachymetry are calculated.
The image processing procedure starts
automatically. Areas, which are not measured and were
obscured in some way, (eyebrows or eye lashes)
In the “Enhanced Dynamic Scheimpflug Image” are interpolated and marked with black points or
mode, the mean values of all the recorded whitened areas on the topographical and the
images are taken and one Scheimpflug image is pachymetry maps.
displayed on the overview display (Overview) .
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7.1.1 Setting up and performing measurements

• Decide, which part of the anterior segment is Scheimpflug image.
to be examined
• Ask the patient to open his eye wide.
• Select the settings in the examination
program accordingly • Perform the final adjustments according to
the red arrows.
• Adjust the table height
• The image is taken automatically. If you
• Ask the patient to put his head into the head disable the automatic release, take the
and chin rest image manually by pressing the foot switch
or clicking to the scan button.
• Adjust the height of the head and chin rest
• Ask the patient to take his head out of the
• Align the Pentacam head and chin rest.
• Adjust the Pentacam such that the pupil of
the patient’s comes into view. • Check the results on the single Scheimpflug
• Adjust the Pentacam such that the live images. Please give particular attention to
Scheimpflug image comes into view. • artefacts
• blinking of the eye
• Perform the final adjustments according to • whether the patient’s eye was wide open
the arrows. The apex of the cornea is
marked by the yellow circle in the pupil’s
image and by the red dot in the live
Page 23
7.1.2 Important information on the acquisition of Scheimpflug images

This chapter provides information, which should subdivided corresponded to the important
be of help in examining different parts of the segments:
anterior segment. The explanations are
Examination Examination Images Auto Remarks Techniques

Target mode Release
Topography 3D-Scan 25 to 50 Yes No dilation of pupil
required
Pachymetry 3D-Scan 25 to 50 Yes No dilation of pupil
required
Anterior Chamber 3D-Scan 25 to 50 Yes No dilation of pupil
Analysis required!
Artificial lenses 3D-Scan or 3D-Scan: Yes, for For Enhanced Dynamic Place red line
general Enhanced 25 to 50 3D-scan Mode: in anterior
Dynamic Enhanced No, for • If pupil is not wide chamber x1
dynamic: Enhanced enough, dilate pupil,
5 Dynamic, if • For manual
special measurements, use
technique 3D-scan
is used
Measurement 3D-Scan 25 to 50 Yes No dilation required
function
Densitometry 3D-Scan or 3D-Scan: Yes, for For Enhanced Dynamic For
Enhanced 25 to 50 3D-scan Mode: Enhanced
Dynamic Enhanced No, for • If pupil does not Dynamic
Dynamic Enhanced become wide enough, mode, move
5 to 15 x3 Dynamic, if dilate pupil; to nasal x2
special • Use same number of
technique images to track
is used progress
x1 For locating an artificial lens it is sometimes helpful to place the red line in the live Scheimpflug image in
the anterior chamber close to the iris if the lens is not sufficiently visible in the 3D-Scan.
x2 Especially if the pupil is not wide enough it is sometimes helpful to move the Pentacam towards the
nose of the patient to get an image of the whole human lens. For better reproducibility, use the red circles
in the pupil image as an alignment aid. If the pupil is large enough, the crystalline lens can be imaged
entirely in 3D-scan mode.
x3 This depends on the patient. If the patient has difficulty fixating the target (the black ring), as is
sometimes the case with older people, it is better to take only 5 images to get a sharp image. On the other
hand, one should take as many images as possible in order to minimize noise.
Page 24
7.2 Settings
Clicking on the “Settings” button opens up two options:
7.2.1 Brightness/Contrast
The “Brightness/Contrast” field allows you to examination and do not influence the
adjust the image settings. Please keep in mind densitometric evaluation of the Scheimpflug
that changes are only valid for the current image.
• Contrast contrast.
Catch the bar using the left mouse button.
Pressing the left mouse button and dragging • The “Smooth X” button smoothes the
the bar to the right increases the contrast Scheimpflug image only in horizontal
while dragging it to the left reduces the direction. This makes the important
contrast of the Scheimpflug image(s). reference surfaces such as the anterior and
posterior corneal surfaces and anterior
• Brightness surface of the lens less noisy and more
Catch the bar using the left mouse button. sharp-edged in vertical direction.
Pressing the left mouse button and dragging
the bar to the right increases the brightness • The “Smooth More” button smoothes the
while dragging it to the left reduces the Scheimpflug Image(s) in vertical and
brightness of the Scheimpflug image(s). horizontal direction. This gives better noise
suppression, but at the cost of contrast.
• Clicking either the “Reset” or the “Normal”
button causes contrast to return to its • The “Inverse” button generates a negative
original setting, while brightness is set to 0. representation of the Scheimpflug Image.
• Clicking on the “Set Brightness” button • Clicking on the „OK“ button can save
triggers a brightness calibration of the changes.
Scheimpflug image which sets the darkest
point to zero to permit a better utilization of • Clicking on the ”Cancel“ button cancels the
the grey scale. changes.
• Clicking the “Median” button eliminates

scattered pixels without influencing the
Page 25
This side international lefts blank.

Page 26
7.2.2 Changing Settings

There are two ways of entering the settings
menu of the Pentacam:
• By entering the “Change Settings” field • By clicking on the color bar at the right.
• “Curvature units” permits switching Only one common Scheimpflug image
between diopters (dpt) and curvature is taken and displayed.
(mm).
• “Color Map Scale” permits switching the • 5, 10,15 Pictures enhanced dynamic
coordinate system between “Diameter” 5, 10 or 15 Scheimpflug images are
representation, which gives the usual taken from one fixed camera position.
topographic zones, and “Radius”, which Every Scheimpflug image has a
facilitates evaluation of the distance from certain noise level. If several images
the origin, i.e. the apex position. are taken, the resulting noise can be
• “Mode” provides the option of: minimized by generating and
• Online USB; this is mandatory if a displaying a single averaged image.
Pentacam is connected to the PC.
• Demo mode ; this is mandatory if no • 12,25, 50 pictures (3D-Scan)
Pentacam is connected to the PC. 12, 25 or 50 single images are taken
during one scan.
• The field on the right allows pre-
adjustments to be made in the scan • The “Automatic Release” button
menu: activates automatic image acquisition.
• 1 picture:
Page 27
• The “Mirror Pupil Camera” button • The language can be set to English or
switches between: German.
• the pupil image moving in the same
direction as the Pentacam unit, • “Foot Switch” allows setting the Com Port
using the up/down keys. The message
• the pupil image moving in the below shows whether the foot switch is
opposite direction of the Pentacam connected to the Laptop / PC.
unit.
• “Date Format” provides country specific
• “Curvature Color Bar” provides three settings:
color grades for the topography maps: • D/M/Y: Day/Month/Year
• diopter: 0.25D, 0.5D 1D, • M/D/Y: Month/Day/Year
• curvature: 0,05mm, 0,1mm, and • Y/M/D: Year/Month/Day
0,25mm. • The “Separator” field provides a
The “Color table external” button allows selection of country-specific separators.
using an external color scale instead of the
internal one.
• “Normal level” sets the contrast level for the
• “Pachy Color Bar” provides three color Scheimpflug images to the standard value.
grades for pachymetry map: 5µm, 10µm,
25µm.
The “Color table external” button allows to • The four buttons on the right are for
use an external color scale instead of the presetting the representation of the
internal one. Scheimpflug images. For more
information about the effects of the
• “Elevation Color Bar” provides three color individual buttons please refer to 7.2.1
grades for the elevation maps: 5µm, 10µm, Brightness/Contrast
25µm.
The “Color table external” button allows to • Clicking on the “Save” button saves all
use an external color scale instead of the changes.
internal one.
• Clicking on the “Cancel” button cancels all
• A. C. Depth Color Bar provides three color changes.
grades for the Anterior Chamber Depth map:
5µm, 10µm, 25µm. • “Test Screen” button is for internal setting
The “Color table external” button allows to
use an external color scale instead of the
internal one.
Page 28
7.3 The evaluation programs
7.3.1 Overview display
The overview display is a compilation of several Scheimpflug image. All generated

evaluation representations which gives a quick Scheimpflug images can be viewed
overview of the anterior eye segment being individually by clicking on them. The images
measured. are numbered and the intersection angle of
It contains the following data fields: the individual images is displayed. The
• Patient and Examination data (upper right) selected image is displayed below.
These data are displayed on the upper right. Special keys assigned on the keyboard allow
you to find important images more quickly:
• Camera/slit lamp position and individual
images • Pos1: selects the first Scheimpflug image
The display on the upper left shows the taken
position of the camera and the cross-section • End: selects the last Scheimpflug image
of the eye as well as the corresponding taken
Scheimpflug images. For better orientation in • Page up: selects the Scheimpflug
the individual Scheimpflug images one side image taken in the vertical axis (90°)
of the image is marked with a white dot in the • Page down: selects the Scheimpflug
orientation display as well as in the current image taken in the horizontal axis (180°).
Page 29
• Comment pachymetry map, calculated anterior

At the top edge of the current Scheimpflug chamber depth, lens thickness, chamber
image is a place for adding comments. For angle and chamber volume are depicted. For
this purpose click on the top edge of the more detailed information, please refer to
Scheimpflug image with the left mouse chapter 7.3.2 Chamber Analysis, page 30.
button. A window appears saying “Change
info text”, in which you can enter your
comment or change one already entered. • Colored maps
Clicking the [Ok] button closes the window, In order to gain a first impression, the colored
whereupon the comments appear in the pachymetry, topography and elevation maps
camera image. are displayed on the overview display in the
• Scheimpflug image and densitometry lower right-hand corner. These maps of the
(left of center) The selected image is cornea are shown in color and the depiction is
displayed. By clicking on any part of the lens dependent upon location, i.e. by clicking with
with the left mouse button, its densitometry is the left mouse button on any part of the cornea
displayed in a green bar on the right. The the corneal thickness, curvature or elevation is
height of the green graph indicates how hazy represented numerically. By activating [Num]
the lens is. This entails evaluating the cross the values of 19 locations of the cornea are
section, which is marked with dotted lines. By numerically represented, depending on the
moving the mouse while holding down the left selected map.
mouse button, the densitometry of any part of The pupil edge is depicted as a black and white
the lens can be evaluated. For more line. The white cross marks the center of the
information about the Scheimpflug images, pupil and the white dot marks the apex of the
please refer to chapter 7.3.5 Scheimpflug cornea. The apex is defined as that part of the
Images, page 49. cornea where the mathematical gradient is
zero. This is comparable to the top of a
• Virtual Eye mountain.
The Virtual Eye is shown in the lower half of For more information. Please refer to chapter
the overview display. In this model the 7.3.4 Colored maps, large, page 33.
anterior and posterior surface of the cornea,
iris and lens are depicted as planes. By • Color bar
clicking on the “Show” button on the left, they The color bar is located on the right margin of
can be activated and deactivated. For more the overview display. If one selects the
information, please refer to chapter 7.3.3 pachymetry map, it describes which color is
Virtual Eye, page 31. used to show the various thicknesses of the
cornea in µm. If one employs the topography
• Keratometer values (upper middle right) map, however, it describes which radius of
The anterior surface of the cornea is curvature or equivalent of curvature in diopters
described in terms of central radii, corresponds to that bar, similar to the elevation
astigmatism including axis, and eccentricity. maps. Clicking on it with the left mouse button
The representation of the central radii can be causes the settings menu to automatically open
chosen in diopters (dpt) or curvature (mm) to check or change the fundamental settings of
values. The mean eccentricity (ecc) and the the Pentacam. For more information, please
mean pupil diameter (mm) are depicted too. refer to chapter 7.2.2 Changing Settings, page
For more information, please refer to chapter 26.
7.3.4.2.2 Keratometer values, page 35.
• Chamber Analysis (middle right)

In this field, the thinnest thickness in the
Page 30
7.3.2 Chamber Analysis
necessity to dilate the pupil

first.
Chamber Angle: The smallest of both chamber

angles in the horizontal
section, calculated in the 3-D-
model.
Please keep in mind; a
dilated pupil influences the
Pachy. Thinnest: Smallest thickness of the evaluation of the chamber
cornea analysis and supplies wrong
results.
A. Chamber depth: The true anterior chamber
depth in the apex of the Chamber Volume: The chamber volume of the
cornea, calculated in the 3-D anterior chamber. The
model from the endothelium borders are the posterior
of the cornea to the lens. surface of the cornea, the iris
and the lens-
Lens Thickness: The thickness of the lens.
Please keep in mind the
Page 31
7.3.3 Virtual Eye
If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar model.

and then on [Virtual Eye (large)], the mode of In the field [Cutout pos.] the model can be
representation shown above is displayed. turned a certain number of degrees.
• The patient and examination data Clicking on [Animate] causes the model to
• Underneath the keratometer values of the rotate until the button is activated again. If one
anterior surface of the cornea and the clicks on the model with the left mouse button
anterior chamber analysis are depicted. while holding it down, the model can be rotated
in the desired direction by moving the mouse.
The Virtual Eye contains the anterior and If one clicks on the model with the right mouse
posterior surface of the cornea, the iris and the button while holding it down and moving the
anterior and posterior surface of the lens. This mouse, the model can be zoomed. Moving
model is intended to help the doctor explain the “deeper” into the representation make the image
examination and the results to the patient. The become smaller while moving out of it makes
individual surfaces can be activated and them become bigger.
deactivated by clicking on the [Show] button. By Clicking on the [scale] field scales the Virtual
clicking on [Fill], the individual surfaces appear Eye for better orientation.
in the form of transparent lattices. Clicking on the [fill] field generates more finely
In the control field [Cutout width] the cutout graded scales along the horizontal and vertical
angle can be changed via arrow keys. This axes and concentric rings delimitating the 2mm,
immediately gives a “deeper” view into the
Page 32
4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm zones of the cornea.

Page 33
7.3.4 Colored maps, large

If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar The pupil edge is depicted as a black and white
and then [Maps (large)], the map mode of line.
various representations is displayed. The white cross marks the center of the pupil and
In each representation the: the white dot marks the apex of the cornea. The
• patient data, apex is defined as that part of the cornea where
• keratometer values of the anterior the mathematical gradient is zero. Therefore the
surface of the cornea apex is not necessarily the thinnest part of the
• results of the anterior chamber cornea.
analysis Refractivity calculations are generally based on the
are depicted. Gull stream eye. Because of the refractive index
between the different materials, the refractive
Each point can be selected individually by values for the anterior surface are therefore
clicking on it with the help of the coordinate positive, while those for the posterior surface are
system and evaluated in terms of the specific negative.
selected map.
Surfaces, which were not measured, for example
The scale of the coordinate system can be because they were covered up by the eyelid or
selected in terms of diameter to generate eyelashes, are interpolated. They are marked by
topographic zones, or alternatively in terms of radii black dots.
from the apex position.
In the selection field in the lower left-hand corner
By clicking on [Num] a numerical representation the various modes of depicting the pachymetry,
of values specific to the selected map can be topography, elevation and anterior chamber
switched on and off. The values in the grid depth maps are shown when clicked on.
indicate the 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm
zone of the cornea.
Page 34
7.3.4.1 Pachymetry
The varying thicknesses of the cornea are The pupil edge is depicted as a black and white
depicted in color across its entire surface from line. The white cross marks the center of the pupil
limbus to limbus. and the white dot marks the apex of the cornea.
Any point can be selected and evaluated The color bar on the right shows the thickness
individually by clicking on it with the left mouse color scale. The gradation of the color scale can
button. The thickness at the selected point is be changed by clicking on the color bar, as is
displayed in µm and the coordinate system gives described in chapter 7.2.2 Changing Settings,
its position . page 26
Page 35
7.3.4.2 Topography
7.3.4.2.1 General
The topography of the anterior and posterior depiction gives a good impression of the varying
surfaces of the cornea is shown in color across curvatures of the measured cornea.
the entire surface, from limbus to limbus. This
7.3.4.2.2 Keratometer values
The usual keratometer values are given in:
Rh: Horizontal radius of curvature in the

center of the cornea.
Rv: Vertical radius of curvature in the center

of the cornea.
The representation of the central radii can be Asti.: Corneal astigmatism in the center.
switched between diopters (dpt) or curvature
(mm) values by clicking on the color bar or the Axis: Axis of corneal astigmatism
“Display” and “Change settings” buttons. For
more information please refer to chapter 7.2.2 Ecc.: Mean eccentricity (dropping out) of the
Changing Settings, page 26. cornea in 30°.
The two major meridians are determined on the Pupil: Mean diameter of the pupil during the
3mm ring of the cornea; by definition, these 3D-Scan.
always lie at 90° to each other.
The position of the major meridians is shown in
the small diagram in the left part of the field.
Page 36
7.3.4.2.3 Curvature radius
Tangential Curvature Sagittal Curvature
The tangential curvature is the curvature of the The sagittal curvature is equivalent to the
cornea at the measuring point. In the tangential distance between the measuring point and the
presentation mode irregularities in corneal point where the perpendicular to the tangent at
geometry appear more pronounced. the measuring point intersects the axis. In the
sagittal presentation mode the curvature value
depends on the slope of the measuring point.
Furthermore, the position of the optical axis
comes into play. The sagittal presentation mode
is more representative of the influence of the
cornea on the patient’s visual acuity.
Page 37
7.3.4.2.4 Topography of the anterior surface
The topography of the anterior surface of the middle left position of the image in terms of
cornea is selected, depicted in the form of a central radii, corneal astigmatism, the axis and
sagittal curvature map in milimeters [mm] and eccentricity.
described on the lower right in terms of [mm] and The same map can be represented in tangential
curvature. curvature radius as well.
The same map can be represented in diopters The color bar on the right gives the curvature or
by clicking on the “mm” button on the lower right. refractivity color scale. The color scale can be
Here a case of regular astigmatism is shown. changed by clicking on the color bar with the left
The central curvature values of the anterior mouse button, as is described in chapter 7.2.2
surface of the cornea are described more Changing Settings, page 26.
accurately by the keratometer values in the
Page 38
7.3.4.2.5 Topography of the posterior surface
The topography of the posterior surface of the can be represented in tangential curvature as
cornea is depicted in the form of a sagittal well.
curvature map in diopters (dpt) and described on The color bar gives the radii or refractivity color
the lower right in terms of “D” and curvature. scale. The color scale can be changed by
The same map can be represented in diopters clicking on the color bar with the left mouse
by clicking on the “D” button on the lower right. button, as is described in chapter 7.2.2
Changing Settings, page 26.
The calculation is based on the Gull stream eye. Here a keratoconus is shown. In combination
The values for the posterior surface have to be with the height map it provides important
negative because of the negative refractive index information for treatments such as corneal
between the tissue and aqueous. The same map refractive surgery.
Page 39
7.3.4.3 Elevation data
The Pentacam measures height data. It • Height data can serve to define standards
calculates an internal three-dimensional independent to the type of instrument being
mathematical model on the basis of measured used.
height data. All further information can be • Height data are insusceptible to fixation
derived from this model. artefacts, thus lessening the probability of
Therefore, height data are the basis for any pseudokeratoconi occurring.
calculation. • Height data serve as a starting point for
analyzing various aberrations of the corneal
Using height data from the outset offers surface.
important advantages:
• Height data give a more accurate Height data can be shown either in absolute or
representation of the true shape of the in relative terms (in the latter case as differences
corneal surface because they are in height between measurement and reference
independent of axis, orientation and position. body). The Pentacam system generates relative
• Height data represent the true shape of the height data.
cornea because they yield only one possible
curvature map.
In terms of practical evaluation and

representation, the Pentacam offers clear
advantages:
• It is far more accurate in locating the position
of the apex in keratoconi than are curvature
measurement systems such as Placido
systems.
• Usually there is a difference in reference
point location before and after a refractive The difference in height PD between cornea and
treatment, and therefore postoperative reference body may be either be positive or
measurements are sometimes of negative:
questionable value. negative: measurement below reference body,
• Height data contain a wealth of information, positive: measurement above reference body.
which, however, only becomes accessible
through further calculation.
Page 40
7.3.4.3.1 Reference bodies
The height data of the cornea can be displayed, • the toric reference body is activated,
using a reference shape or –body. The while clicking to the [toric ellips]
Pentacam offers three different reference button. The calculation is done, using
bodies, which are individual eligible. the central radii and the eccentricity of
These reference bodies can be centered to the the keratometer measurement. The
Apex of the cornea, or represented as a „float- flat radius is set automatic in the field
map“. rf, as well as the steep radius is set in
The representation as a „float-map“ means, the the field rs.
reference body has no fixed center, he floats. The advantage of the toric reference
The distance between cornea and reference shape is the good approximation to
body is optimized, in summary to be as small as astigmatic corneas.
possible and as equal as possible. This
representation has advantages and • The Best Fit Sphere is activated
disadvantages: while clicking to the [BF-Sphere]
• one advantage is the minimizing of the button. The calculation is done in a
tilt, for instance if the topographic way to approximate the sphere as
representation shows an regular good as possible to the true shape of
astigmatism and the toric reference body the cornea, in order to compare
is selected, possible irregularities on the results easier to those of other
cornea surface are depicted clearly. topographic systems.
• a disadvantage is for instance if the The shape of the single reference bodies can be
topographic map shows a keratoconus changed individually, too, while clicking to the
while using a float map, starting up-/down arrows, or while inserting values
keratoconus are often hard to detect, manually.
because of the minimizing of the tilt.
Usually, the eccentricity (flat out) of the cornea is
The Pentacam offers three selectable reference positive, because the radii are steeper in the
bodies: center as in the periphery. Sometimes the
• the rotation symmetric ellipsoid is eccentricity of the posterior side of the cornea is
activated, while clicking to the negative, because the radii are more flat in the
[Ellipsoid] button. It is calculated, center as in the periphery.
using the mean value of central radii
and the eccentricity of the keratometer Each single point in the elevation map can
measurement. The advantage of this evaluated individually, in the combination of:
reference shape is the good • clicking on it with the left mouse pointer
correlation to the true shape of normal • the 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm
corneas. zones (diameter), or alternative the
Mathematical described: 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm radius.
Rh + Rv
Re_ Body = + exz 30 °
2
Page 41
7.3.4.3.2 Applications of the elevation display method
The conventional method of imaging keratoconi images based on height data yield results that
by means of sagittal or tangential radii is prone are more accurate. The keratoconus apex is
to artificial distortion. For example, it not always located at the end of the loop-like bulge
infrequently leads to an inaccurate location of of the contour lines.
the apex position. Clinical findings show that
Some examples below describes that theme:
Representation based on
Tangential radii
The hourglass shape in the center is

an artefact inherent to the display
method. In the right eye the apex
appears to be located inferior and
nasal, while in the left eye it appears
to be located inferior.
Sagittal radii
Same problem as with tangential
radii; nevertheless, often yields
results that are more intuitive
Height data
In both eyes, the apex position

appears to be located temporally and
shows a significant difference to the
other images.
Page 42
7.3.4.3.3 Anterior elevation map
The elevation map of the anterior surface is Clicking on the [toric ellips] button produces a
shown with a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid toric reference shape, whose central radii filled
reference body. The topography map shows an automatically in the fields rf and rs.
regular astigmatism with a superior tilt, and the The color bar on the right gives the elevation
elevation map therefore shows the typical scale. The color scale can be changed by
hourglass shape, with the superior tilt too. clicking on it with the left mouse button, as is
The eccentricity and the radii of the reference described in chapter 7.2.2 Changing Settings,
shape can be changed manually by clicking on page 26.
the fields in the upper center and entering
individual values.
Page 43
7.3.4.3.4 Posterior elevation map
The elevation map of the posterior surface is values. For example, eccentricity can be set to
shown with a rotationally symmetric toric zero to change the reference shape to a sphere.
reference body. The topography shows an The color bar on the right gives the curvature or
astigmatism and the elevation map therefore refractivity color scale. The color scale can be
shows the typical hourglass shape. changed by clicking on the color bar with the left
The eccentricity and the radii of the reference mouse button, as is described in chapter 7.2.2
shape can be changed manually by clicking on Changing Settings, page 26.
the fields in the upper center and entering other
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Page 45
7.3.4.4 True Net Power
The True Net Power map considers the true cornea and uses both curvature maps to
optical conditions of the complete Cornea. calculate the true net power map.
Usually all topographers which are using a First, the refractive values for the anterior
Placido system are working with an refractive surface of the cornea is calculated, using the
index of 1.3375 to calculate the refractive power refractive index n=1,376 of the cornea.
of the anterior surface of the cornea. That Afterwards the refractive index of the posterior
refractive index is an approximate value to surface is subtracted, using the refractive index
consider the anterior and posterior surface, of the anterior surface (n=1.376) and the
because usual topographers are not able to refractive index of the aqueous (n=1.336).
measure the posterior surface of the cornea. That builds the basis for a more correct
As long as the cornea has a regular shape, that calculation of the refractive power of the anterior
approximate value supplies good results for the surface, the true net power map.
refractive power of the anterior surface of the
cornea. For corneas with an abnormal shape like Please keep in mind; the curvature
post Lasik, Keratoconus or high astigmatism the representation is independent of any refractive
calculation has to be improved. values.
The Pentacam measures both surfaces of the
Page 46
7.3.4.5 Keratometric Deviation
The keratometric power deviation map is a The keratometric power deviation map shows
difference representation between the true net clearly the mistake, if only the curvature values
power map and the sagittal power map of the of the anterior surface of the cornea would be
anterior surface of the cornea. used to calculate the refractive power.
Page 47
7.3.4.6 Anterior Chamber Depth
The anterior chamber depth is represented as a overview about the real conditions in the anterior
color scheme. The distance between posterior chamber.
surface of the cornea and iris, res. lens is shown The color bar on the right shows, which distance
in milimeter [mm]. While clicking into the map, in [mm] is represented by the different colors.
using the left mouse pointer, or the “Num” While clicking into the color bar, using the left
function the distance is depicted. mouse button, the steps in the color scale can
For an easier orientation, the pupil frame and its be changed, as it is described in chapter 7.2.2
center are implanted too. Changing Settings, page 26.
That representation gives an easy and quick
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Page 49
7.3.5 Scheimpflug Images
7.3.5.1 3D-Scan large
If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar By clicking on any part of the lens with the left
and then on [Image (large)], the mode of mouse button its densitometry is shown in a
representation shown above is displayed if a 3D- green bar next to the image. The height of the
Scan was taken. green bars gives an indication of how hazy the
lens is. The cross-section, which is represented
The patient and examination data are displayed by a dotted line, is evaluated. The values for the
in the upper right-hand corner. cloudiness of the lens is an objective one, based
on the grey scale of the image, standardized
The orientation display on the top to the left from 0 to 100 for an objective observation.
shows which eye is being examined and which By moving the mouse, while holding down the
camera/cutting position was used to generate left mouse button, the densitometry of any part
the current image. of the lens can be evaluated. For more detailed
information, please refer to chapter 7.3.6
The brightness of the image can be altered via Densitometric quantification Densitometric
the slide control. This facilitates visualizing any quantification.
edges found, which will be depicted in color, or
artificial lenses which only produce a small When the Scheimpflug image is clicked on with
degree of reflection. [Contrast Normal] resets the right mouse button, an additional window
the instrument to the original brightness; while opens where the automatically found lines in the
[Adjust Image] offers the possibility to alter the image are displayed.
image in terms of contrast, brightness and other • If “Show edge pixel“ is activated, the
parameters like it is described in chapter 7.2.1 anterior surface of the cornea is
Brightness/Contrast, page. Clicking on [Set shown in red, the posterior surface in
Brightness] saves the settings and applies green and the anterior surface of the
them to the current image.
Page 50
lens in yellow color. This depiction This distance represents the optical
shows the discovered edges. distortion.
• If “Show fitted curve“ is activated, all • “Show cursor” marks the apex of the
the edges found are represented in cornea in each single Scheimpflug
the form of a mathematical curve and image
shown in red. Thus, the two modes of
representation can differ.
• “Show milimeter grid” fits a grid into
the Scheimpflug image. The distance
between two points is 1mm,
independent of the visual impression.
7.3.5.2 Manual measurement function
The Pentacam is provided with a manual . The optical distortion is not corrected if the
measurement function, which considers the images are taken using the enhanced dynamic
optical distortion of the cornea and intraocular Scheimpflug image mode in the scan menu. A
fluid when images are taken during a 3D-scan. mm-grid is shown to provide a better overview
In order to use the manual measurement and to define reference points in the
function the 3D-scan mode must activated in Scheimpflug image.
the scan menu before taking the images.
To start the manual measurement function, click is shown in µm. On reaching the target point
on the current starting point in the Scheimpflug press the left mouse button to have the distance
image with the mouse pointer using the left between the two selected points written into the
mouse button. On moving the mouse pointer in image. Pressing the right mouse button during
the Scheimpflug image the measurement arrow the measurement stops the current
will follow as if suspended from the mouse measurement.
pointer with a rubber band. The current distance
Page 51
7.3.5.3 Zoom function
The Zoom function is applied to the selected conditions to permit a better evaluation of the
Scheimpflug image. The zoomed parts are image.
displayed with due consideration to the viewing
The „Zoom +“ button enlarges the current posterior surface of the cornea and the iris in the
Scheimpflug image, while the „1:1“button brings chamber angle area. The distance between the
it to its original size and the „Zoom -“ button iris and the posterior corneal surface is of
makes it smaller. An enlarged Scheimpflug importance for the implantation of anterior
image can be scrolled up, down, left and right chamber lenses
with the help of the windows slide bar. The The zoom function considers the optical
above picture shows, as an example, the distortion of the cornea and of the intraocular
measurement of the distance between the fluid.
Page 52
7.3.6 Densitometric quantification
If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar becomes quantified and is scaled from 0 to 100.
and then on [Scheimpflug Images], the A cross marks the apex of the cornea in the
individual images can be viewed in a large current Scheimpflug image.
representation. The densitometry of the lens
Densitometric quantification starts automatically lens in the densitogram.

in the apex of the cornea. The white line marks The height of the green bars gives an indication
the position. Two possibilities are given: of how hazy the lens is. The program evaluates
• Click on the line with the left mouse the cross-section in question, which is marked
button and drag it around in the by a dotted line. By moving the mouse while
Scheimpflug image in order to evaluate holding down the left mouse button the density
different points and layers of the lens. of any part of the lens can be evaluated.
The density of the lens is standardized from 0 to
• click in the diagram in order to evaluate 100. Therefore, 0 means the lens shows no
the current selected slit in the clouding, 100 means the lens is completely
Scheimpflug Image. opaque.
The density value is shown on the right in the The grey scale of the individual Scheimpflug
densitogram. On positioning the line across the image provides the basis for objective
cornea, the upper value shows the maximum quantifications.
density value of the cornea, marked by a blue
line. The yellow line marks the beginning of the
Page 53
7.3.7 Tomography
If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar depressed activates the zoom function. Moving
and then on [Tomography], a virtual model of “deeper” into the representation make the
the anterior segment of the eye is created . The images becomes smaller, while moving out of it
virtual model, shown in the right image, provides makes them become bigger.
a new representation of the anterior segment of
the eye. The slice function allows cutting the model, and
the current slice is shown in the Scheimpflug
The virtual model can be moved in space by image in the left image. The model provides a
clicking on it and moving it with the left mouse good overview of, e.g., the size of a cataract in
button depressed. the human lens, iris defects, corneal incisions
etc.
Clicking in the model with the right mouse button
• The three buttons on the lower left determine o Upper button: slices in vertical
the orientation of the slices in space. To direction.
select a slice orientation click on the desired o Middle button: slices in the
button. Clicking in the Scheimpflug image horizontal direction.
and moving the mouse with left button o Lower button: slices along the visual
depressed brings the current slice into view axis.
in the virtual model as well as in the • The seven buttons in the middle left are for
Scheimpflug image. The slicing buttons work viewing the surfaces in the virtual model.
as follows: The “Show” field shows the current surface
Page 54
in the form of a grid, while the “Fill” button o Cutout Width: changes the size of
shows in the form of a plane. the sector to allow a deeper view
• The two control bars below the virtual model into the model. The size can be
have the following effects, whose combined changed by pressing the up and
use produces an optimal representation. down arrows.
o The “Threshold” control bar changes o Cutout Pos.: changes the orientation
the cloudiness of the virtual model. of the model. The orientation can be
This facilitates the detection and changed by pressing the up and
display of, e.g. a cataract in the down arrows.
crystalline lens. • The seven buttons on the right allow
o The “Transparency” control bar showing different regions of the anterior
changes the degree of transparency. segment of the eye.
• The “Normalize” button changes the image o “Show Anterior” displays the anterior
back to an optimal view. regions.
• The “Default” button resets the threshold o ”Show Cornea” displays the cornea.
and transparency to the default settings. o ”Show Chamber” displays the
• On clicking on the “High resolution” button anterior chamber.
the system calculates the Scheimpflug o Show Lens” displays the crystalline
image and the virtual eye with a higher or the artificial lens.
resolution. It is advisable to click on this o ”Show Posterior” displays the
button after bringing the model into the posterior surface of the crystalline or
desired position, since the system will the artificial lens.
otherwise require more time to calculate and o ”Clip Pupil” displays the segment of
generate the two images. the anterior segment of the eye,
• The two selection fields “Cutout Width” and which is delimited by the pupil.
“Cutout Pos.” in the lower right change the o ”Cutout” activates the “Cutout width”
cutout position of the virtual eye model. They and “Cutout pos.” functions of the
are only active if the “Cutout” button on the virtual model.
lower right has been clicked.
8
Page 55
Artefacts
When performing a densitometric evaluation of Another type of artefact appears if the central slit
the lens, one must note that reflexes produced or the lens in front of the camera is soiled, as is
by a ceiling lamp can cause haze or light coming shown in the lower right picture. Please clean
through a window (sunlight), as is shown at the these parts as described in chapter 9.1 Care and
lower left picture. When in doubt the maintenance, page 56. If the artefacts are not
measurement should be retaken. The Pentacam eliminated after cleaning the parts referred to
must be set up in such a way so as to prevent and checking the ambient lighting conditions,
incidence of direct light. contact the service team or your authorized
distributor.
9
Page 56
Maintenance
9.1 Care and maintenance
When cleaning always pull out plug!
Casing Optical components

Do not use any aggressive cleansers, which The optical components of the slit illumination in
contain chlorine, solvents, abrasive or caustic the center of the unit and the lens in front of the
substances! camera are precision parts and sensitive to
pressure. One should prevent the surface from
It is best to clean the surface of the casing with a being scratched.
soft cloth and an anti-static cleansing agent.
The lens in front of the camera must be cleaned
Otherwise, wipe off outer surfaces with a damp with particular care. Use a lint-free dry cloth. The
cloth. In case of residue, remove with a mixture slit illumination in the center has to be cleaned
of equal parts of spirit and distilled water with a by using cleaned compressed air only. Do not
squirt of conventional detergent. use cloths or detergents.
9.2 Elimination of errors and malfunction
9.2.1 Replacement of fuses
Pull out plug before replacing fuses!
It is not necessary to replace the fuses, as the instrument is operated via a power supply unit with
an integrated automatic overload switch.
9.2.2 Error detection
Do not plug in or pull out any • Check to see whether the blue slit lamp in the
cables while the PC or the examination program is illuminated.
Pentacam is switched on!
• Check to see whether the USB-Connector is
If an error occurs which you are not able to plugged into the Laptop or Standard PC
eliminate on the basis of the following properly.
instructions, designate the instrument as
defective and notify our service department. • Switch off the Pentacam and restart the PC.
As soon as the OCULUS patient data
ERROR: After starting the examination software administration is active, switch on the
the PC displays the message “No Pentacam. The message “Load boot loader”
Communication” should appear when the Pentacam software
is being started.
• Check to see whether the pilot lamp on the
power supply unit is illuminated. If not, plug in • Contact our service department.
the power supply unit.
• Check to see whether the cable is plugged

into the Pentacam properly.
Seite 57
Gebrauchsanweisung Pentacam
10
Page 58
Conditions of warranty and service
10.1 Conditions of warranty
This OCULUS product is a high-quality no cost to you.

instrument. It was manufactured with great care
using high-quality materials and modern These warranty claims can be made if a receipt
production technology. It is important for you to documenting date of purchase is presented.
read the instruction manual before operation and If unauthorized persons manipulate the
to observe the safety precautions. instrument, all warranty claims become void, for
improper alterations and handling can cause
You have a warranty on this instrument in considerable damage to the user and patients.
accordance with legal warranty regulations
We request that complaints concerning
Starting on the day of purchase. This warranty damages which occur during transport or
covers all kinds of malfunction caused by faulty delivery be made to the shipping firm
material and manufacture. Malfunction caused immediately and that the damage be
by improper operation and external influences is documented on the consignment note so that
not covered. Should you nevertheless have the claim can be settled properly.
reason for legitimate complaint during the period
of warranty, the malfunction will be eliminated at Our terms of trade and delivery are valid as laid
down at the time of purchase.
10.2 Liability for malfunction and damages
OCULUS only considers itself responsible for If authorized persons perform the kind of work
the safety, reliability and proper function of the described above, documentation of the nature
instrument if it is used in compliance with this and extent of the repair work must be demanded
instruction manual. of them, if pertinent with a statement regarding
changes made in specifications or application.
There are no parts attached to or inside the The document must include date and particulars
instrument, which should be serviced or repaired of services performed as well as name and
by the user. address of firm and signature.
If assembly work, expansions, adjustments, If desired, OCULUS will put wiring diagrams,
maintenance work, alterations or repairs are lists of replacement parts, additional descriptions
carried out by non-authorized personnel or if the and instructions for installation at the disposal of
unit is maintenanced or handled improperly, such authorized persons.
OCULUS is not liable for any damages which
might occur. In case of maintenance and repairs, only original
OCULUS parts have to be used.
Page 59
10.3 Address of manufacturer and service department
You can receive additional information from our

service department and authorized dealers.
Address of manufacturer and service department:
OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH

Münchholzhäuser Str. 29
35582 Wetzlar
Germany
Tel.: +49 641/2005-0
Fax: +49 641/2005-255
E-Mail: sales@oculus.de
www.oculus.de
11 Appendix
11.1 Declaration of conformity
We declare that this product complies with the

following standards or normative documents:
IEC 601 - 1
IEC 601 - 1 - 2
In accordance with the regulations of Directive

93 / 42 / EEC on medical products.
We take sole responsibility for this declaration.
Dipl’d eng. Rainer Kirchhübel
Managing Director of
OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH
Page 60
11.2 Pentacam Calibration Data CD

The Pentacam is calibrated in our factory. The therefore not valid for other systems.
calibration files are stored on a CD-ROM, which Please keep the “Pentacam Calibration Data
is included in each Pentacam delivery. The CD- CD” in a safe place.
ROM is called “Pentacam Calibration Data” and
is valid only for the Pentacam with the same If you want to exchange your Laptop or PC, you
serial number as that of the Pentacam will need to copy the calibration data to the new
Calibration Data CD-ROM. The Calibration CD is system, as, is described in the next chapter.
11.2.1 Installation of calibration files
• Insert the “Pentacam Calibration Data CD” • Select or type in the drive letter of the CD-
into the CD-ROM drive. ROM drive.
• Open the Windows Explorer. • Click on the “Import Data” button.
• Mark the file “calib-01” on the calibration data • The calibration image is now copied into the
CD and copy it into the directory “Pentacam”. Patient data management.
• You can compare the serial number of the

• Confirm that you want to replace the old imported examination with the serial number
calib-01 by clicking on the “OK” button. of the Pentacam in the patient data
management.
• Enter the “Patient Data Management” of the
Pentacam program.
• Click on the “Import” button.
11.3 Formatting a CD-ROM for data protection
In order to store individual patient data records called CD-RW´s .

or run a backup of all the patient data, you first
need to format the CD.ROM. Laptops and PC´s delivered by Oculus are
equipped with special software for data backup
We recommend using as a second backup or for storing individual patient data records on a
medium, read and write able CD-ROMs, so CD-RW. The following chapters describe how to
prepare a CD-RW.
Page 61
11.3.1 Formatting procedure
Insert a CD-RW into the CD-ROM drive and

close the drive. The program will start
automatically.
Select in the formatting program „CD

The next image shows the progress of
Formatieren“ formatting.
The system creates a new file for the

formatted CD-RW. Please close the window
by clicking on the cross in the upper right.
In the next window you can give the CD-RW

a name. Click on the „Formatierung
starten“ button to start the formatting
procedure
The next window confirms that the

formatting has been completed successfully.
Page 62
Click on the „OK“ button to exit the

formatting program. Please close the next window by clicking on
the cross on the upper right.
The formatting of the CD-RW is now

completed. The CD-RW is now prepared for
the storage of single examinations or for a
Please close the next window by clicking on general backup.
the cross on the upper right.
Page 63
11.3.2 Example of how to save a single examination
Insert a CD-RW that has been formatted in Click on the button of the CD-ROM drive to
the described way into the CD-ROM drive open it.
and close the drive.
Start the Pentacam program and select a
patient from the patient data management.
Click on the „Export“ button.
The next window shows the selected

patient’s name and the required memory to
store the selected patient. Please check that
the directory of the CD-ROM drive has been
selected (?) and start clicking on the
„Export“ button.
In the following window you can select the

format in which you want the CD-ROM to be
closed. After selecting the format click on the
„OK“ button. The CD-ROM is closed in the
selected format and ejected automatically.
12
Page 64
Technical data
Measuring unit:
Camera digital CCD-Camera
Light source blue LED’s (475nm, UV-free)
Velocity 50 images in two seconds with 500
recorded measuring points each
Number of evaluated measuring points max. 25,000
Dimensions (height, width, depth) 535 x 280 x 360 mm
Weight 9 kg
Power supply unit:

Mains connection 100 - 240 V AC, 50 - 60 Hz
Power input 60 W
Fuses integrated over current switch
Classification according to IEC 601 – 1:

Type of protection against electric shock Protection class 2
Degree of protection against electric shock Type B
Degree of protection against
damaging penetration of water IP20
Operating conditions:
Temperature +10° C to +40° C
+50° F to 104° F
Relative humidity 30 % to 75 %
Air pressure 700 hPa to 1060 hPa
Transport and storage conditions:

(according to IEC 601-1)
Ambient temperature -40° C to +70° C

-40° F to +158 F
Relative humidity 10 % to 100 %
Including condensation
Air pressure 500 hPa to 1060 hPa
12.1 Minimum PC-requirements
CPU: Pentium 1.5 Ghz or higher

Operating system: Windows XP
Memory: 256 MB Ram
Display board: ATI Radeon 9200 SE 128MB
13
Page 65
Key words
Comment ............................................................... 29
3
communication ...................................................... 55
3-dimensional........................................................... 7 conformity ............................................................. 57
3D-Scan ..................................................... 20, 23, 26 contrast .................................................................. 24
3D-Scan large ........................................................ 48 coordinate system .................................................. 33
curvature................................................................ 26
A
Curvature Color Bar .............................................. 27
A. C. Depth Color bar ............................................ 27 curvature radius ..................................................... 35
add examination ..................................................... 15
D
Adding new patients .............................................. 11
address ................................................................... 57 darkened room......................................................... 8
alignment screen .................................................... 20 date format............................................................. 17
anterior chamber .................................................... 23 Date Format ........................................................... 27
anterior chamber analysis................................. 31, 32 delete examination................................................. 12
anterior chamber depth .......................................... 46 delete patients ........................................................ 13
anterior elevation map............................................ 41 Demo mode ........................................................... 26
anterior segment..................................................... 21 densitometric quantification .................................. 51
apex.................................................................. 20, 49 densitometry .................................................... 29, 48
Apex....................................................................... 40 densitometry diagram ............................................ 51
Applications of height display ............................... 40 dilation................................................................... 23
artefacts ........................................................ 7, 22, 54 diopter.................................................................... 26
artificial................................................................. 23 display ................................................................... 19
artificial lens........................................................... 48
E
automatic backup ................................................... 16
automatic release.............................................. 20, 26 Elevation Color Bar............................................... 27
enhanced dynamic ........................................... 23, 26
B
entire surface ......................................................... 33
backup.................................................................... 15 error detection........................................................ 55
Best fit Sphere........................................................ 39 evaluation program................................................ 28
boot loader ............................................................. 55 examination ........................................................... 19
brightness ............................................................... 24 examination program............................................. 20
Brightness/Contrast................................................ 24 exchange the Laptop or PC.................................... 58
export..................................................................... 13
C
F
calibration data......................................................... 8
Calibration Data CD .............................................. 58 foot switch ............................................................. 27
Camber Analysis .................................................... 30
G
camber height........................................................... 7
camera/cut position ................................................ 48 Gull stream eye................................................ 32, 37
camera/slit position ................................................ 28
H
CD Formatieren ..................................................... 59
CD-RW´s ............................................................... 58 hardware key ........................................................... 8
chamber analysis .................................................... 29 hazy ....................................................................... 48
chamber angle .................................................... 7, 50 Height Data............................................................ 38
chamber volume....................................................... 7
I
change settings ....................................................... 26
cleaning.............................................................. 6, 55 ID number.............................................................. 11
color bar ................................................................. 29 image acquisition................................................... 23
Color Table ............................................................ 26 image processing ................................................... 21
Color Table external .............................................. 27 import .................................................................... 14
colored map large................................................... 32 Installation ............................................................... 8
colored maps, large ................................................ 32 intended use............................................................. 7
Com port ................................................................ 27 interpolation........................................................... 21
Page 66
Inverse.................................................................... 24 pupil center ............................................................ 20

K R
Keratoconi.............................................................. 40 read and write able CD-ROMs .............................. 58
keratometer values ..................................... 29, 31, 32 reallocating examinations ...................................... 12
Keratometer values ................................................ 34 reconstructing data................................................. 15
keratometric deviation............................................ 45 refractive index...................................................... 44
keratometric power deviation map......................... 45 refractive power..................................................... 44
keyboard................................................................. 18 Relative Height Data ............................................. 38
renaming patients................................................... 13
L
responsibility ........................................................... 7
language ........................................................... 17, 27 restore .................................................................... 15
left/right detection.................................................. 20 rotation symetric ellipsoid ..................................... 39
lens layers .............................................................. 51 rotational measuring procedure ............................... 7
light control............................................................ 20
S
limbus....................................................................... 7
limbus to limbus..................................................... 33 Safety precautions ................................................... 6
Sagittale Curvature ................................................ 35
M
save all data ........................................................... 15
maintenance ........................................................... 55 scan........................................................................ 20
manual measurement.......................................... 7, 49 Scheimpflug image ................................................ 20
mean value ............................................................. 21 Scheimpflug image enhanced dynamic ................. 20
measurement function ......................................... 23 selecting patients ................................................... 11
Median ................................................................... 24 separate PC .............................................................. 8
milimeter grid......................................................... 49 service.................................................................... 56
minimum requirements .......................................... 62 Set Brightness........................................................ 24
mirror pupil camera................................................ 27 set up measuring .................................................... 22
Mode ...................................................................... 26 settings............................................................. 17, 24
move examinations ................................................ 12 size of cataract ....................................................... 52
Smooth More ......................................................... 24
N
Smooth X............................................................... 24
nasal ....................................................................... 23 sort ......................................................................... 17
Normal Level ......................................................... 27 start scan ................................................................ 21
numerical................................................................ 32 Starting examination program ............................... 11
numerically ............................................................ 29 storage ..................................................................... 8
O T
open eye ................................................................. 21 Tangential Curvature ............................................. 35
optical..................................................................... 49 technical data ......................................................... 62
optical components ................................................ 55 threshold ................................................................ 53
optical distortion .................................................... 49 tomography............................................................ 52
orientation display............................................ 20, 48 Topo. ant. surface .................................................. 36
overview................................................................. 21 Topo. post. surface ................................................ 37
overview display .................................................... 28 Topography ........................................................... 34
topography posterior.............................................. 37
P toric reference body............................................... 39
Pachy Color Bar..................................................... 27 transparency........................................................... 53
pachymetry............................................................. 33 transport................................................................... 8
patient data ............................................................. 32 true corneal shape .................................................. 38
Pentacam program ................................................. 19 true net power........................................................ 44
posterior elevation map.......................................... 42
U
power supply............................................................ 7
pre adjustment........................................................ 20 USB ....................................................................... 26
previous examinations ........................................... 16
Pseudokeratoconus................................................. 38
Page 67
V Z
Virtual Eye ....................................................... 29, 31 zoom ...................................................................... 50
virtual model .......................................................... 52 zoom function........................................................ 52
W
warranty ................................................................. 56

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Pentacam

7.3.5.2 Manual measurement function ........................................................................................50

Scope of supplies and optional accessories

• Color printer 70520

The OCULUS Pentacam is a rotating The densitometry of the lens is automatically

4 Use in accordance with regulations

5.1 Setting up and installing equipment

5.1.1 Software Installation on separate PC´s

5.2 Transport and storage

This side international lefts blank

Patient data management

First switch on the PC or Laptop and then the Pentacam.

6.1 Selecting patients

6.2 Adding new patients

6.3 Starting the examination program

6.4 Deleting / reallocating examinations

Underneath the list of examinations you will find

6.5 Patient data

6.5.1 Renaming patients

Patient data can be changed later by activating

In the window, which now appears (on the top

By activating the [Update] button the changes

6.5.2 Deleting patient data

6.5.3 Exporting patient data

This function makes it possible to transfer

After activating the [Export] button in the patient

• “Including CCD Images”

6.5.4 Importing patient data

6.5.5.1 Saving data

In these fields, the directory can be marked in

Saving data can proceed according to various

• “Including CCD image”

6.5.5.2 Reconstructing data

6.5.5.3 Automatic backup

6.5.5.4 Loading previous examinations

The saved examinations performed on selected examinations. Simply click on desired

6.6 Changing settings

After [Settings] is activated, the menu • Automatic backup

• Date • Size of keyboard

• Import / Export • If [Use] is activated, the selected setting is

• Keyboard • By activating [Save] the selected setting can

7 The Pentacam program

To start the examination program first select the Display

7.1 The Examination Program

• The alignment screen (lower center)

7.1.1 Setting up and performing measurements

7.1.2 Important information on the acquisition of Scheimpflug images

Examination Examination Images Auto Remarks Techniques

Clicking on the “Settings” button opens up two options:

• Clicking the “Median” button eliminates

This side international lefts blank.

7.2.2 Changing Settings

7.3 The evaluation programs

7.3.1 Overview display

The overview display is a compilation of several Scheimpflug image. All generated

• Comment pachymetry map, calculated anterior

• Chamber Analysis (middle right)

7.3.2 Chamber Analysis

necessity to dilate the pupil

Chamber Angle: The smallest of both chamber

7.3.3 Virtual Eye

If one clicks on [Display] in the upper menu bar model.

4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm zones of the cornea.