Mrs. CATHELYN C.

MARIANO
SHNS- Instructor
CELLULAR BASIS OF
LIFE
 Cells:
The Basic Units of Life
 The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.

THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THAT ALL

LIVING THINGS SHARE A SIMILAR STRUCTURE
 Two Types of Cells

All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have some common features
 Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Cells:
• Have no membrane
covered nucleus
• Have no membrane -
covered organelles
• Have circular DNA
• Are bacteria
 Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have a nucleus
• Have a membrane -
covered organelles
• Have linear DNA

•More complex than bacteria cells

•They make up anything that is living, such as:
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protists
Anything but bacteria
•Some have a cell wall and some do not.
 Variations in Cells- Shape
• Red Blood Cells- disk
shaped
• Nerve Cells- spindle
shaped
• Smooth Muscle Cells-
Threadlike
• Epithelial Cells- Cubes

http://www.idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season3/brain/Images/neuronlabels.gif
 Organelles

Organelles are structures that enable

the cell to live, grow and reproduce.
 Cell Membrane
• Outer layer of cell
• Allows nutrients
into the cell and
wastes outside of
the cell

“Gate into the city”

Cell Membrane
 Lipid Bilayer
• Phospholipid The primary lipids found in the cell
• Cholesterol membrane are:
a)Fat-soluble vitamins and neutral
lipids
b)Fat-soluble vitamins and
cholesterol
c)Neutral lipids and cholesterol
d)Neutral lipids and phospholipids
e)Phospholipids and cholesterol
 Proteins
• scatter the surface of the plasma membrane
– Receptors for hormones
– Transport Proteins

The molecules in the cell membrane

that serve as receptors or binding sites
for hormones other chemical
messengers are the:
a)Glycoproteins
b)Proteins
c)Cholesterol molecules
d)Carbohydrates
e)Lipids
 Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm a
jelly-like fluid
contained in the
cell that holds
the organelles.
• Site of most
cellular activities
(factory)
 The Nucleus
• The control center of
the cell
• Contains the Cell’s
DNA
DNA
• It contains all of the
genetic materials used by
the cell like DNA and info
on how to make all of the
cell’s proteins.
Nucleolus
• The nucleolus in the
“Mayor’s office”
nucleus stores materials
Nuclear Membrane
that will be used to make
ribosomes and cytoplasm.
 Mitochondria
• Power center of cell
• Provides the energy
the cell needs to move, Outer Membrane

divide, etc.
• They must have oxygen to
make Adenosine Tri-
Phosphate ATP (which is
the cell’s energy) , that is
why we need to breath.
• For very active cells, there
are thousands of
mitochondria.
• Liver and muscle cells have Inner Membrane

hundreds of mitochondria “Electric company of the cell”

 Ribosomes
• Site where proteins
are made
• Cell parts are made
of proteins
• Made of proteins and
rRNA

“Factories of the cell”

 Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Substances move
Endoplasmic Reticulum
through tubular
connections from
one place to another
• Transportation system
of cell
• Rough ER- ribosome's
attached
• Smooth ER- no
Ribosomes
ribosome's
“Roadways of the cell”
 Golgi Complex
• Packaging house of
cell
• Packages, processes,
and ships out the
stuff the cell makes
•When the Golgi complex or apparatus gets whai is
being delivered by the ER, they modify and package
the proteins and lipids and ship them out of the cell.
•IT is called Golgi because it was discovered by an
Italian scientist named Camillo Golgi (he was the first to
discover the organelle.)
 Lysosomes
• Digests food
particles and cell
parts
– “Garbage men”
• Protects cell by
digesting foreign
invaders •Special vesicles that contain enzymes.
– “Police men •When a cell engulfs a particle, the
lysosomes bump into it an pour enzymes
into it. Then the particle is digested by
the enzymes.
•Sometimes lysosomes break open and
pour out the enzymes into the
cytoplasm. This will kill the cell.
 Vacuole
• Stores water,
food & wastes
Vacuole

Vacuole is largest organelle in

plant cell
Cell Wall

• Found only in plant cells

• Protects and supports the
cell
• Cell walls are made up of a material
called cellulose.
• Cellulose is a material that is
intertwined together. It resembles a
blanket or even like hash-brown
potatoes all piled up.
 Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant
cells
• Contains
chlorophyll (makes
plants green)
• Where
photosynthesis
takes place
 Plant or Animal Cell?

Found in Plant and Animal cells: Found only in Plant Cells:

• Nucleus •
• Golgi Complex Chloroplasts
• Mitochondrion
• Lysosomes • Cell Wall
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
• Vacuoles