Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: ETABS

REVISION NO.: 4

CSA-S16-09 Example-001

HANDBOOK OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, TENTH EDITION - COMPOSITE BEAM

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Design a simply supported composite beam to span 12 m and carry a uniformly
distributed specified load of 18 kN/m live load and 12 kN/m dead load. Beams
are spaced at 3 m on center and support a 75 mm steel deck (ribs perpendicular to
the beam) with a 65 mm cover slab of 25 MPa normal density concrete.
Calculations are based on Fy = 345 MPa. Live load deflections are limited to
L/300.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Member Properties Loading Geometry

W460x74 w = 8.0kN/m (Dead Load) Span, L = 12 m
E = 205,000 MPa w = 2.5kN/m (Construction)
Fy = 345 MPa w = 4.0kN/m (Superimposed Load)
w = 18.00kN/m (Live Load)

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ETABS TESTED

Composite beam design, including:

 Selection of steel section, camber and shear stud distribution

 Member bending capacities, at construction and in service
 Member deflections, at construction and in service

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 1
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results are referenced from the design example on page 5-25 of the
Handbook of Steel Construction, Tenth Edition.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Difference

Construction Design 247.4 247.5 0.04%

Moment (kN-m)

Construction Ms (kN-m) 512.3 512.3 0.00%

Construction Deflection (mm) 32.4 32.4 0.00%

Design Moment (kN-m) 755.8 756 0.02%

Full Composite Mrc (kN-m) 946.7 946.7 0.00%

Partial Composite Mrc (kN-m) 783.6 783.6 0.00%

Shear Stud Capacity Qn (kN) 68.7 68.7 0.00%

Shear Stud Distribution 30 30 0.00%

Live Load Deflection (mm) 32.9 32.9 0.00%

Bottom Flange Tension (MPa) 267.2 267.1 0.04%

Design Shear Force Vf (kN) 251.9 251.9 0.00%

Shear Resistance Vr (kN) 842.9 842.9 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: CSA-S16-09 EXAMPLE 001.EDB

CONCLUSION
The ETABS results show an acceptable comparison with the independent results.

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 2
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Materials:
ASTM A992 Grade 50 Steel
E = 200,000 MPa, Fy = 345 MPa, γs = 7850 kg/m3
Normal weight concrete
E = 23,400 MPa, fcu = 20 MPa, γc = 2300 kg/m3
Section:
W460x74
d = 457 mm, bf = 190 mm, tf = 14.5 mm, tw = 9 mm, T = 395 mm, rfillet=16.5 mm
, Z s 1, 650 • 103 mm3 , =
As = 9,450 mm2= I s 333 • 106 mm 4
Deck:
tc =65 mm, hr = 75 mm, sr = 300 mm, wr = 150 mm

Shear Connectors:
d = 19 mm, h = 115 mm, Fu = 450 MPa

Loadings:
Self weight slab = 2.42 kN/m2
Self weight beam = 0.73 kN/m
Construction load = 0.83 kN/m2
Superimposed dead load = 1.33 kN/m2
Live load = 6.0 kN/m2

Design for Pre-Composite Condition:

Construction Required Flexural Strength:
w f construction = 1.25 • 0.73 + (1.25 • 2.42 + 1.5 • 0.83) • 3.0 = 13.75 kN/m

w f construction • L2 13.75 • 122

=
M f construction = = 247.5 kN-m
8 8

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 3
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

Moment Capacity:
M s = Z s • 0.9 • Fy =1, 650 • 103 • 0.9 • 345 • 10−6 = 512.3 kN-m

Pre-Composite Deflection:
wconstruction = 2.42 • 3.0 + 0.73 = 8.0 kN/m

5 • wconstruction • L4 5 • 8.0 •12, 0004

=δ = = 32.4 mm
384 • E • I 384 • 200, 000 • 33, 300 •104
= 0.8 •=
Camber δ 25.9 mm, which is rounded down to 25 mm

Design for Composite Flexural Strength:

Required Flexural Strength:
w f = 1.25 • 0.73 + (1.25 • 2.42 + 1.25 • 1.33 + 1.5 • 6 ) • 3.0= 42 kN/m

w f • L2 42 • 122
=
Mf = = 756.0 kN-m
8 8
Full Composite Action Available Flexural Strength:
Effective width of slab:
L 12,000
=
bl = = 3, 000 mm ≤ 3,000 mmm
4 4
Resistance of slab in compression:
f c′ 0.8125
α=1 0.85 − 0.0015 • =

C 'r = α1 • Φ c • t • b f • f c′ = 0.8125 • 0.65 • 65 • 3,000 • 25 • 10−3 = 2,574 kN controls

Resistance of steel in tension:
Φ • As • F=
y 0.9 • 9,450 • 345 • 10−=
3
2,934 kN
Depth of compression block within steel section top flange:

=x
(Φ • As • Fy − C ' r ) 2
=
( 2,934
=
− 2,547 ) • 103 2
3.05 mm
Φ • Fy • b f 0.9 • 345 • 190

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 4
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

Moment resistance of composite beam for full composite action:

 t x d x
M rc= C 'r •  h r + c +  + Φ • As • Fy •  − 
 2 2  2 2
 65 3   457 3 
= 2,574 •  75 + +  • 10−3 + 2,934 •  −  • 10−=
3
946.7 kN-m
 2 2  2 2

Partial Composite Action Available Flexural Strength:

Assume 40.0% composite action:
Qr = 0.4 • Rc = 0.4 • 2,574 = 1,031 kN
Depth of compression block within concrete slab:
Qr 1,031 • 103
=a = = 26 mm
α1 • Φ c • beff • f c′ 0.8125 • 0.65 • 3,000 • 25
Compression force within steel section:
Cr = ( 2,934 − 1,031) 2 =
( Py − Qr ) 2 = 951.6 kN
Tensile resistance of one flange:

F = Φ • b • t • F = 0.9 • 190 • 14.5 • 345 • 10−3 = 855.4 kN

flange f f y
Tensile resistance of web:

F = 0.9 395 • 9 • 345 • 10−3 =

Φ • T • t • F =• 1,103.8 kN
web w y
Tensile resistance of one fillet area:
Ffillet= (P − 2 • F
y flange − Fweb ) 2= ( 2,934 − 2 • 855.4 − 1,103.8) 2= 59.8 kN

Compression force in web:

Cweb =Cr − Fflange − Ffillet =951.6 − 855.4 − 59.7 =36.4 kN
Depth of compression block in web:
Cweb 36.4
x= • T= • 395= 13 mm
Fweb 1,103.8

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 5
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

Location of centroid of compressive force within steel section measured from top of
steel section:
0.5 • t f • Fflange + ( t f + 0.5 • rfillet ) • Ffillet + ( t f + rfillet + 0.5 • x ) • C web
d2 =
Cr
0.5 • 14 • 855 + (14 + 0.5 • 16.5) • 60 + (14 + 16.5 + 0.5 • 44 ) • 36.4
= 9.4 mm
951.6
Moment resistance of composite beam for partial composite action:
 a  d 
M rc = Qr •  h r + tc − + d 2  + Py •  − d 2 
 2  2 
 26   457 
= 1,031 •  75 + 65 − + 9.4  • 10−3 + 2,934 •  − 9.4  • 10−=
3
783.6 kN-m
 2   2 

Shear Stud Strength:

From CISC Handbook of Steel Construction Tenth Edition for 19-mm-diameter
studs,

hd = 75 mm, wd/hd = 2.0, 25 MPa, 2,3000 kg/m3 concrete:

qrr = 68.7 kN
2 • Qr 2 • 1, 031
Total number of studs required == = 30
qrr 68.7
Live Load Deflection:
Modulus of elasticity ratio:
=n E=
Ec 200, 000 23,=
400 8.55
Transformed elastic moment of inertia assuming full composite action:

Transformed Moment Arm

Area from Centroid Ay Ay2 I0
Element A (mn2) y (mm) (103 mm3) (106 mm4) (106 mm4)
Slab 22,815 336 7,666 2,576 8
W460x74 9,450 0 0 0 333
32,265 7,666 2,576 341

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 6
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

I x =I 0 + Ay 2 =341 • 106 + 2,576 • 106 =2,917 • 106 mm 4

7, 666 • 106
=y = 238 mm
32, 265
2
I tr = I x − A • y = 2,917 • 106 − 32, 265 • 2382 = 1, 095 • 106 mm 4
Effective moment of inertia assuming partial composite action:
I s + 0.85 p 0.25 ( I tr − I s )
I eff =
= 333 + 0.85 • 0.400.25 • (1,095 − 333)
= 848 • 106 mm 4
5 • 18 • (12,000 )
4
5wL L4
∆ LL= 1.15 • = 1.15 • = 32.9 mm
384 EI eff 384 • 200,000 • 848 • 106
Bottom Flange Tension:
Stress in tension flange due to specified load acting on steel beam alone:
M1 8 • 120002
=
f1 = = 98.6 MPa
S x 8 • 1460 • 103
Bottom section modulus based on transformed elastic moment of inertia assuming,
per the original example, full composite action:
I tr 1,095 • 106
=St = = 1350 mm
d
( + y) (228.5 + 237.6)
2
Stress in tension flange due to specified live and superimposed dead loads acting on
composite section:
M 2 (18 + 4) • 120002
=
f2 = = 168.5 MPa
St 8 • 2350 • 103
f1 + f 2 =
98.6 +168.5=267.1 MPa

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 7
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 4

Design for Shear Strength:

Required Shear Strength:
wfactored • L 42 • 12
=Vf = = 252 kN
2 2
Shear Resistance of Steel Section:
Vr =Φ • Aw • Fs =0.9 • d • tw • 0.66 • Fy =0.9 • 457 • 9 • 0.66 • 345 =842.9 kN

CSA-S16-09 Example-001 - 8