CRIMINAL LAW 2

CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY

SECTION ONE: TREASON AND ESPIONAGE

ARTICLE 114 Treason
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a Filipino citizen or an alien residing in the Philippines;
2.) That there is a war in which the Philippines is involved;
3.) That the offender either –
a.) levies war against the Government, or
b.) adheres to the enemies, giving them aid or comfort.
Penalty:
Reclusion Perpertua to death, fine not to exceed 100,000 pesos

ARTICLE 115 Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason

Penalty: Conspiracy- Prision Mayor, fine not exceeding 10,000 pesos
Penalty: Proposal – Prision Correccional, fine not exceeding 5,000 pesos

ARTICLE 116 Misprision of treason

Elements:
1.) That the offender must be owing allegiance to the Government, and not a foreigner.
2.) That he has knowledge of any conspiracy (to commit treason) against the
Government.
3.) That he conceals or does not disclose and make known the same as soon as possible to
the governor or fiscal of the province or the mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides.
Penalty:
Accesory to the crime of treason

ARTICLE 117 Espionage

Elements: (by entering, without authority)
1.) That the offender enters any of the places mentioned therein;
2.) That he has no authority therefor;
3.) That his purpose is to obtain information, plans, photographs or other data of a
confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippines.
Elements (by disclosing to the representative of a foreign nation)
1.) That the offender is a public officer;
2.) That he has in his possession the articles, data or information referred to in paragraph
No. 1 of Art. 117, by reason of the public office he holds;
3.) That he discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.
Penalty:
Prision correccional, and if the offender be a public officer or employee, the penalty next
higher in degree shall be imposed.

SECTION TWO: PROVOKING WAR AND DISLOYALTY IN CASE OF WAR

ARTICLE 118 Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals
Elements:
1.) That the offender performs unlawful or unauthorized acts.
2.) That such acts provoke or give occasion for a war involving or liable to involve the
Philippines or expose Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons to property.
Penalty:
Reclusion Temporal- Public officer or employee]
Prision Mayor- Private Individual

ARTICLE 119 Violation of neutrality

Elements:
1.) That there is a war in which the Philippines is not involved;
2.) That there is a regulation issued by competent authority for the purpose of enforcing
neutrality.
3.) That the offender violates such regulation.
Penalty:
Prision Correccional

ARTICLE 120 Correspondence with hostile country

Elements:
1.) That it is in the time of war in which the Philippines is involved;
2.) That the offender makes correspondence with an enemy country or territory occupied
by enemy troops;
3.) That the correspondence is either –
a. prohibited by the Government, or (prision correccional)
b. carried on in ciphers or conventional signs, or (prision mayor)
c. containing notice or information which might be useful to the enemy. (reclusion
temporal to death)

ARTICLE 121 Flight to enemy’s country

Elements:
1.) That there is war in which the Philippines is involved;
2.) That the offender must be owing allegiance to the Government;
3.) That the offender attempts to flee or go to enemy country;
4.) That going to enemy country is prohibited by competent authority.
Penalty:

ARTICLE 121 Flight to enemy’s country

Elements:
1.) That there is a war in which the Philippines is involved;
2.) That the offender must be owing allegiance to the Government;
3.) That the offender attempts to flee or go to enemy country;
4.) That going to enemy country is prohibited by competent authority.
Penalty:
Arresto Mayor
SECTION THREE: PIRACY AND MUTINY ON THE HIGH SEAS IN
PHILIPPINE WATERS
ARTICLE 122 Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas or in Philippine waters
Elements:
1.) That a vessel is on the high seas or in Philippine waters;
2.) That the offenders are not members of its complement or passengers of the vessel;
3.) That the offenders (a) attack or seize that vessel, or (b) seize the whole or part of the
cargo of said vessel, its equipment or personal belongings of its complement or passengers
Penalty:
Reclusion Perpetua
ARTICLE 123 Qualified Piracy
Piracy or mutiny is qualified;
1.) Whenever the offenders have seized the vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;
2.) Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving
themselves; or
3.) Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries, or rape.
Penalty:
Reclusion Perpetua

CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE

SECTION ONE: ARBITRARY DETENTION AND EXPULSION

ARTICLE 124 Arbitrary Detention
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee;
2.) That he detains a person.
3.) That the detention is without legal grounds.
Penalty:
Detention has not exceeded three days- arresto mayor (maximum) to prision correccional
(minimum)
Detention 3<15 days- prision correccional (medium) to (maximum)
Detention 15<6 mos- prision mayor
Detention >6 mos - reclusion temporal

ARTICLE 125 Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial
authorities
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee.
2.) That he has detained for some legal ground.
3.) That he fails to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities within:
a. 12 hours (crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties
b. 18 hours (crimes or offenses punishable by correctional penalties
c. 36 hours (crimes or offenses punishable by afflictive or capital penalties
Penalty:
Provided in the next preceding article
ARTICLE 126 Delaying release
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee
2.) That there is a judicial or executive order for the release of a prisoner or detention
prisoner, or that there is a proceeding upon a petition for the liberation of such person
3.) That the offender without good reason delays:
a. the service of the notice of such order to the prisoner, or
b. the performance of such judicial or executive order for the release of the
prisoner
c. the proceedings upon a petition for the release of such person.
Penalty:
Provided for in Article 124

ARTICLE 127 Expulsion

Elements
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee.
2.) That he expels any person from the Philippines, or compels a person to change his
residence.
3.) That the offender is not authorized to do so by law.
Penalty:
Prision Correccional

SECTION TWO: VIOLATION OF DOMICILE

ARTICLE 128 Violation of Domicile
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee.
2.) That he is not authorized by judicial order to enter the dwelling and/or to make a
search therein for papers or other effects.
Penalty:
Prision correccional in its minimum period

ARTICLE 129 Search warrants maliciously obtained, and abuse in the service of those
legally obtained
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee.
2.) That he procures a search warrant.
3.) That there is no just cause.
Penalty:
Arresto mayor (maximum) to prision correccional (minimum), fine not exceeding 1,000
pesos
ARTICLE 130 Searching domicile without witnesses
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employer.
2.) That he is armed with search warrant legally procured.
3.) That he searches the domicile, papers or other belongings of any person.
4.) That the owner, or any member of his family, or two witnesses residing in the same
locality are not present.
Penalty:
Arresto mayor (medium and maximum)

SECTION THREE:PROHIBITION, INTERRUPTION, AND DISSOLUTION OF

PEACEFUL MEETINGS
ARTICLE 131 Prohibition, interruption, and dissolution of peaceful meetings
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee
2.) That he performs any of the acts mentioned above.
Penalty:
Prision correccional

SECTION FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST RELIGIOUS WORSHIP

ARTICLE 132 Interruption of religious worship
Elements:
1.) That the offender is a public officer or employee.
2.) That religious ceremonies or manifestations of any religion are about to take place or
are going on.
3.) That the offender prevents or disturbs the same.
Penalty:
Prision correccional (minimum)

ARTICLE 133 Offending the religious feelings

Elements:
1.) That the acts complained of were performed a.) in a place devoted to religious
worship, or b.) during the celebration of any religious ceremony
2.) That the acts must be notoriously offensive to the feelings of the faithful.
Penalty:
Arresto mayor (maximum) to prision correccional (minimum)
 CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER
ARTICLE 134 Rebellion or insurrection –how committed-
Elements:
1.) That there be (a) public arising, and (b) taking arms against the Government.
2.) That the purpose of the uprising or movement is either
a. to remove from the allegiance to said Government or its laws:
1. the territory of the Philippines or any part thereof; or
2. any body of land, naval or other armed forces; or
b. to deprive the Chief Executive or Congress, wholly or partially, of any of their
powers or prerogatives.

ARTICLE 134-A Coup d’etat –How committed-

Elements:
1.) That the offender is a person or persons belonging to the military or police or holding
any public office or employment;
2.) That it is committed by means of a swift attack accompanied by violence,
intimidation, threat, strategy or stealth;
3.) That the attack is directed against duly constituted authorities of the Republic of the
Philippines, or any military camp or installation, communication networks, public utilities or
other facilities needed for the exercise and continued possession of power;
4.) That the purpose of the attack is to seize or diminish state power.

ARTICLE 135 Penalty for rebellion, insurrection or coupd’etat

Penalty:
Reclusion temporal- person merely participating or executing the commands of others in
rebellion or insurrection
Reclusion perpetua- person who leads in any manner directs or commands others to
undertake a coup d’etat
Reclusion temporal (maximum)- person in the government service who participates, or
executes directions or commands of others in undertaking a coup d’etat
Prision mayor (maximum)- person not in the government service who participate, or in
any manner supports, finances abets or aids in undertaking a coup d’etat

ARTICLE 136 Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d’etat, rebellion or

insurrection
Penalty:
Prision mayor (minimum), fine not exceeding 8,000 – C&P coup d’etat
Prision correccional (maximum), fine not exceeding 5,000- C&P rebellion
Prision correccional (medium), fine not exceeding 2,000- C&P insurrection

ARTICLE 137 Disloyalty of public officers or employees

Penalty:
Prision correccional (minimum)
ARTICLE 138 Inciting to rebellion or insurrection
Elements:
1.) That the offender does not take arms or is not open hostility against the Government;
2.) That he incites others to the execution of any of the acts of rebellion;
3.) That the inciting is done by means of speeches, proclamation, writings, emblems,
banners or other representations tending to the same end.
Penalty:
Prision mayor (minimum)

ARTICLE 139 Sedition –how committed-

Elements:
1.) That the offenders rise (1) publicly, and (2) tumultuously;
2.) That they employ force, intimidation, or other means outside of legal methods;
3.) That the offenders employ any of those means to attain any of the following objects:
a. to prevent the promulgations or execution of any law or the holding of any
popular election;
b. to prevent the National Government, or any provincial or municipal
government, or any public officer thereof from freely exercising its or his functions, or prevent
the execution of any administrative order;
c. to inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or property of any public
officer or employee;
d. to commit, for any political or social end, any act of hate or revenge against
private persons or any social class; and
e. to despoil, for any political or social end, any person, municipality or province,
or the National Government of all its property or any part thereof.

ARTICLE 140 Penalty for sedition

Penalty:
Prision mayor (minimum), fine not exceeding 10,000 pesos.
ARTICLE 141 Conspiracy to commit sedition
Penalty:
Prision correccional (medium), fine not exceeding 2,000 pesos

ARTICLE 142 Inciting to sedition

Elements:
1. That the offender does not take direct part in the crime of sedition.
2. That he incites others to the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute
sedition.
3. That the inciting is done by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems,
cartoons, banners, or other representations tending to the same end.
Penalty:
Prision correccional (maximum), fine no exceeding 2,000 pesos

CRIMES AGAINST POPULAR REPRESENTATION

SECTION ONE: CRIMES AGAINST LEGISLATIVE BODIES AND SIMILAR
BODIES

ARTICLE 143 Acts tending to prevent the meeting of the Assembly and similar bodies
Elements:
1. That there be a projected or actual meeting of the National Assembly or any of its
committees or subcommittees, constitutional committees or divisions thereof, or of any
provincial board or city or municipal council or board.
2. That the offender who may be any person prevents such meeting by force or fraud.
Penalty:
Prision correccional, fine ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos

ARTICLE 144 Disturbance of proceedings

Elements:
1. That there be a meeting of the National Assembly or any of its committees or
subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees or divisions thereof, or of any
provincial board or city or municipal council or board.
2. That the offender does any of the following acts:
a. he disturbs any of such meetings.
b. he behaves while in the presence of any such bodies in such a manner as to
interrupt its proceedings or to impair the respect due it.
Penalty:
Arresto mayor, fine from 200 to 1,000 pesos

SECTION TWO: VIOLATION OF PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITY

ARTICLE 145 Violation of parliamentary immunity
Elements:
1.