Department of Education

National Capital Region

S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

General Chemistry 1
First Quarter-Module 2:
Atomic Structure

Writer: Coleen Michelle L. Magalong

Illustrator: Coleen Michelle L. Magalong
Cover Illustrator: Christine Ann G. Faraon

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concepts and ideas in Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

Learning Competency
• Recognize common isotopes and their uses. (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-19)

This module is divided into two lessons namely:

• Lesson 1 – Atomic Structure
• Lesson 2 – Isotopes and Its Uses

After going through this Lessons, you are expected to

1. define an atom;
2. list the three main subatomic particles of an atom;
3. discuss the positions of these particles within the atom and what electric
charge they carry;
4. differentiate between atomic mass and atomic number;
5. identify elements based on the number of protons given;
6. determine the number of subparticles found in an atom;
7. write the A/Z and symbol-mass format of an atom;
8. acknowledge the importance of the discovery of atomic structure to our life
today;
9. define what an isotope is;
10. determine the number of protons and neutrons in an isotope; and
11. identify some common isotopes used in industries.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the characteristics of an

element?
A. Atom
B. Compound
C. Molecule
D. Proton

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 2. Which of the following best defines an element?
A. The type of atoms it can have.
B. The number of isotopes it can form.
C. The number of protons found in its nucleus.
D. The number of neutrons found in its nucleus.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Atoms do not have a charge.
B. Neutrons are electrically neutral.
C. Electrons are found outside the nucleus.
D. An electron has greater mass than a proton.

4. How is the atomic mass of a specific element found?

A. By counting the number of protons
B. By counting the number of electrons
C. By getting the total number of neutrons and protons
D. By getting the total number of neutrons and electrons

5. What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

A. The number nucleons of an atom
B. The number of neutrons found inside its nucleus
C. The number of protons found at the center of an atom
D. The number of electrons an atom has outside its nucleus

6. The atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8. How many electrons does O have?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 20

7. Hydrogen (H) atomic number is 1 and atomic mass is 1. How many neutrons
does H have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None

8. Carbon atomic mass is lesser than that of nitrogen. Which of the following
statement is FALSE?
A. The mass of electrons of both carbon and hydrogen is negligible.
B. The atomic number of carbon is less than the atomic number of
nitrogen.
C. The chemical and physical properties of carbon are different from
that of nitrogen.
D. The number of protons inside the nucleus of a carbon is greater
than the number of protons in nitrogen.

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9. Which of the following best describes an isotope?
A. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different atomic number.
B. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of protons.
C. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of electrons.
D. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of neutrons.

10. U-238 is an isotope of the element uranium, 238 is a number that tells us
that this isotope has ________________.
A. 238 protons
B. 238 electrons
C. 238 neutrons
D. 238 total number of p+ and n0

11. Carbon- 14 is an isotope of carbon, which of the following statements is

FALSE?
A. The atomic mass of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
B. The atomic number of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
C. The number electrons of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
D. The chemical and physical property of both carbon is the same.

12. Protium, deuterium, and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. What is the
difference between these 3 isotopes?
A. The number of protons found inside its nucleus.
B. The number of electrons found inside its nucleus.
C. The number of neutrons found inside its nucleus.
D. There is no difference between the three, because they are all
isotopes of hydrogen.

13. The two most common isotopes of uranium are U-238 and U-235. Which of
the following statements is FALSE?
A. U-238 can undergo nuclear fission.
B. 99.3% of uranium is of the U-238 variety.
C. 0. 7% Uranium is U-235 which is fissionable.
D. U-235 is used in the production of nuclear weapons.

14. Which of the following isotopes is used in radiocarbon dating and

radiolabeling?
A. C-14
B. Fe-59
C. I-131
D. Xe-133

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 15. Which of the following isotopes is used as a nuclear medicine treatment for an
overactive thyroid, a condition called hyperthyroidism, and may be used to
treat thyroid cancer?
A. C-14
B. Fe-59
C. I-131
D. Xe-133

Lesson 1 Atomic Structure

What’s In

Atom is the smallest unit of matter (Matter is anything that occupies space
and has mass) that retains all the chemical properties of an element.

The term "atom" comes from the Greek word “atomos” which means
indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms cannot be divided into smaller
particles. We now know that atoms are made up of three tiny kinds of particles called
subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What’s New

Each subatomic particle of an atom can be best described by the charge they
carry and their location inside the atom.

Activity 1.1. Structure of and its subatomic particles

Draw an atom inside the box then identify and label its parts. You may refer from
other references to answer this activity.

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Activity 1.2. Subatomic particles location and its charges
Complete the table below, you may search your answer from other references. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Subatomic Symbol used Electrical Location in Relative

Particle to represent charged atom atomic mass
this particle (amu)
Proton 1

Negative

n Center of
atom/ inside
the nucleus

What Is It

What's Inside an Atom?

From your previous lessons, you have talked about how atoms are combined
to make other substances. In this lesson you will learn about the particles that make
up the atom. Particles that are smaller than the atom are called subatomic particles.

Atomic Particles

Atoms consist of three basic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. The
nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the
neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells
and contain the electrons (negatively charged).

Atomic Mass (A)

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1 amu.
Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 1/1800 of an atomic
mass unit. Therefore, they do not contribute much to an element’s overall atomic
mass. The number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element’s
mass number: mass number = protons + neutrons.

In an uncharged, neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus

is equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus. In these atoms, the positive
and negative charges cancel each other out, leading to an atom with no net charge.

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Atomic number (Z)

The atom of each element contains a characteristic number of protons. The

number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number. The number of protons
determines the identity of an atom or element in each sample of a substance.
Example: An unknown substance has 8 protons. What is the substance? Answer:
Oxygen.

What’s More

Activity 1.3. Rules in determining the number of subparticles

of an atom
Describe how to determine the number of subparticles of the given atom below.

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Activity 1.4. Finding the number of subparticles of an atom

Complete the table below. You may use a periodic table to answer this activity. Round
off the atomic masses to the nearest whole number.

Element Symbol Atomic Atomic # of # of # of

Number Mass Proton Electron Neutron
Silver
72
17

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.5
Fill in the blanks to best complete the following statements.

1. An atom is composed of two regions: the _________, which is in the center of

the atom containing __________ and neutron, and the outer region of the atom,
which holds its __________ in orbit around the nucleus.

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 2. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about ____________
amu.
3. Uncharged particle found within the nucleus is known as__________.
4. A neutral atom of each element contains an equal number of ________ and
__________.
5. The number of _________ determines an element’s atomic number and is used
to distinguish one element from another.
6. Protons are _____________ charged subatomic particle of an atom forming part
of the nucleus of an atom.
7. Neutron is a subatomic particle of an atom forming part of the nucleus of an
atom. It has ____________charge.
8. Electrons are ___________ charged subatomic particle found outside the
nucleus of an atom.
9. Nucleus is the dense center of an ___________ that contains both protons and
neutrons.
10. Mass number is the sum of the number of __________ and the number of
___________ in an atom.
11. Atomic number is the number of __________ in an atom.

What I Can Do

To understand the impact of the discovery of atoms and its structure to human life,
on a separate sheet of paper, in at least 5- 10 sentences, answer this question, “How
does the discovery of the atom and its structures affect science and our lives?”. Refer
to the rubrics below for grading.

Grading
5 4 3 2
Criteria
Content Content and Contents and Content and Content and
explanations explanation are explanations explanation
are very comprehensive. lack details. are unclear
comprehensive. All parts of a Some parts of and irrelevant
All parts of a journal are a journal are to the topic.
journal are evidently seen. missing.
evidently seen
and well
written.
Organization Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas is
of thoughts logically structured. slightly discussed
and ideas. structured. unstructured. randomly
.

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 Grading
5 4 3 2
Criteria
Mechanics of Flawless Few or no Several Many
writing spelling and spelling errors; spelling and instances of
punctuation. some minor punctuation incorrect
punctuation errors. spelling and
mistakes. punctuation.

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is an atom?
A. An atom does not have any charge.
B. An atom is the smallest unit of matter.
C. An atom can be divided into smaller particles.
D. Both A and B are correct.

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Proton is a positively charge particle of an atom.
B. Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom.
C. Elements are distinguished by the number of neutrons it has.
D. Electron’s mass does not contribute to the total mass of the atom.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. If the atomic number of an atom is 1 it means that it does not have
any neutron.
B. If the atomic number of an atom is 5 it means that the number of
neutron it has in its nucleus is also 5.
C. If the atomic mass of an atom is 10 g it means that the total number
of subparticles of that atom is also 10 g.
D. If the atomic mass of an atom is 12 and its atomic number is 8 in
means that the total number of subparticles in this atom is equal to
20.

4. If an atom’s atomic number is 25, how many electrons does this atom have?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30

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 5. If the atomic number of an atom is 30 and its number of neutron is 10, what
is this atom’s atomic mass?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
A.

Additional Activities

The atomic mass and atomic number of an element are sometimes written
using Element Notation. Element notations uses A/Z and Symbol-mass format in
writing isotopes.

Example:

A/Z Symbol-mass

Mg – 24

Complete the table below. Round off the atomic masses to the nearest whole number.
You may use your periodic table of elements.

Element A/Z format Symbol- # of p+ # of n # of e-

Mass Format
Neon

Titanium

Germanium

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 Lesson 2 Isotopes and its Uses

What’s In

The mass of an atom is concentrated in its center, which is called the atomic
nucleus, which is made up of both protons and neutrons. Surrounding the atomic
nucleus are electrons.

The mass of the atom depends on both the number of protons and the number
of neutrons present in the nucleus (remember that the mass of an electron is so
small that it is simply ignored). Table 1.1 below shows the masses and charges of
these three atomic particles.

Table 2.1 Subatomic particles and its masses

Subatomic Symbol used Electrical Relative
Particle to represent charged atomic mass
this particle (amu)
Proton p+ Positive (+) 1

Electron e- Negative (-) 0.0005

Neutron n0 No charge 1

The chemical properties of a specific element are determined by the number

of protons found in its nucleus. This number of protons is called the atomic number.
The number of neutrons in all elements may vary, elements with different number of
neutrons are called isotopes.

What’s New

Activity 2.1. Isotopes

Below is an example of the isotopes of the element H. Using this set of examples
answer the following questions below.

1. What is the name of the given element? _______________

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 2. The subscript 1 found in the elements represents _______________.
3. The superscripts 1, 2, and 3 in the elements represents ________________.
4. How many protons and neutrons are found in the given elements?
A.
Proton =____________
Neutron = ___________
B.
Proton =____________
Neutron = ___________

C.
Proton =____________
Neutron = ___________

What Is It

What is an Isotope?

Isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same atomic number
but different mass number.

Example:

• Carbon-12 have six protons and six neutrons; therefore, it has a mass
number of 12 amu.
• Carbon-14 have six protons and eight; its atomic mass is 14 amu.

Note: Isotopes are defined first by their element and then by the sum of the
protons and neutrons present.

Atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons. The

number of protons determines what element we are looking at. In contrast, the
number of neutrons for a given element can vary, hence, isotopes are atoms of the
same element but with different masses. Although, the mass of individual isotopes
is different their physical and chemical properties remain mostly unchanged.

There are 2 types of isotopes: stable isotope and radioactive isotope. Stable
isotopes do not decay into other elements. In contrast, radioactive isotopes are
unstable and will decay into other elements.

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What are the most common uses of an isotope?

Stable isotopes are non-radioactive forms of atoms, that have a stable proton-
neutron combination and do not display any sign of decay. This type of isotope does
not emit radiation, its unique properties makes them very useful in a broad variety
of applications, including water and soil management, environmental studies,
nutrition assessment studies, and forensics.

Radioactive isotopes have an unstable nucleus that decays or emits excess

energy or radiation until the nucleus becomes stable. Radioactive isotopes have a
variety of applications. Generally, however, they are useful because either we can
detect its radioactivity, or we can use the energy it releases. Radioactive isotopes are
used in agriculture, food industry, pest control, archeology, and medicine. Table 2.2
below shows some examples of isotopes and their uses.

Table 2.2. Isotopes and its uses

Isotope Most common use
Carbon – 14 Determine the age of once living artifacts up to 60 000 years old.
Kill microorganisms in food, extending the shelf life of this
Cesium – 137
products.
Collect evidence for or against a claimed wine vintage.
Hydrogen- 3 Use to study life science and drug metabolism.
Cobalt -60 Use in radiation therapy to prevent cancer.
Iodine- 131 Use to diagnose thyroid disorders (medical tracing).
Determine moisture content in soil – important for road
Californium- 252
construction and building industries.

What’s More

Activity 2.2 Number of subatomic particles in an isotope

Complete the table with the correct information. You may use a periodic table in
answering this activity.

Isotope Nuclear (A/Z) Atomic # of p+ # of n

Symbol number

U- 238 92 92 146

U – 235

I - 127

I - 131

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 Fe - 57

Fe- 55

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.3
Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.

1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element but with different number of
___________found in its nucleus.
2. There are two types of isotopes: stable isotopes and _____________ isotopes.
3. All isotopes have the same ________________ properties and
_______________properties.
4. To find the number of neutrons in an isotope, subtract the _______________
from the _____________.
5. The number attached in an isotopic symbol, Cr–52, signifies the _____________
of the element.
6. The nucleus of a radioactive isotope is said to be in a/an_______________ state.
7. The isotope of uranium that is used in nuclear power plants is known
as______________.
8. The Isotope that is used to kill microorganisms in food is known as
______________.
9. The isotope that is used as a medical tracer, usually in the form of a compound
to investigate the activity of the thyroid and effectively treat thyroid cancer is
known as_______________.
10. The isotope that helps determine moisture content in soil, which is important
for road construction and building industries is known as_____________.

What I Can Do

Activity 2.4

Radioactive isotopes are basically unstable chemical elements that release

energy in the form of gamma, alpha, and beta rays. Basically, radioactive isotopes
are like tiny packets of energy moving in waves through a material or space itself.
With the growing application of radioactive isotopes in medical practices, one might
ask himself/herself this question, “How safe is the use of radioactive isotopes in
treating people with disease or disorders?”. To be able to answer this question read
an excerpt of the article titled “Seven Things to know about Radioisotopes” below.

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SEVEN THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT
RADIOISOTOPES
Radioisotopes give off alpha or beta
radiation, and these are used for treating
diseases such as cancer. Others give off gamma
and/or positron radiation, which is used in
conjunction with powerful medical scanners
and cameras* to take images of processes and
structures inside the body, and for disease
diagnosis. Radioisotopes have various uses in
hospital (clinical) settings. They are used to
treat thyroid diseases and arthritis, to relieve
arthritic pain and pain associated with bone
cancer, and to treat liver tumors. In cancer
brachytherapy, a form of internal radiation
therapy, radioisotopes are used to treat
prostate, breast, ocular and brain cancer. They
are also effective for the diagnosis of coronary
artery disease and heart muscle death. In
medicine, two of the most commonly used
radioisotopes are technetium-99m and iodine-
131. The gamma emitting technetium99m is
used to image the skeleton and heart muscle
in particular, but also for imaging the brain,
thyroid, lungs (perfusion and ventilation), liver,
spleen, kidney (structure and filtration rate),
gall bladder, bone marrow, salivary and
lacrimal glands, heart blood pool, infection and
numerous other specialized medical studies.
Iodine-131 is widely used to treat over
functioning thyroid glands, thyroid cancer and
in imaging the thyroid. It is a beta emitter,
making it useful for therapy3 . Radioisotopes
are also used for medical research to study
normal and abnormal functioning of organ
systems. It can also help in drug development
research.
Radioisotopes are special because
certain organs in the body respond in unique
ways to different substances. For example, the
thyroid absorbs iodine, more so than any other
chemical, so the radioisotope iodine-131 is
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
widely used to treat thyroid cancer and in
imaging the thyroid. Similarly, specific
radioactive chemicals are picked up and
metabolized by other organs like the liver,
kidney and brain. But most radioisotopes need
to piggyback on something else (a biologically
active molecule) to get to the desired organ.
For example, technetium-99m is often tagged
to six methoxyisobutylisonitrile molecules to
get to heart tissues for the diagnosis of cardiac
disorders. Formulations of radioisotopes
tagged molecules (called
radiopharmaceuticals) are inhaled, ingested or
injected to help physicians measure organ size
and function, identify abnormalities, and
target treatment to a particular area.
Radioisotopes are also special because their
use provides patients and doctors with the
option of using minimally-invasive surgical
techniques, rather than the far more risky
large-scale surgeries, from which it is harder to
recover, that were used in the past to treat
most conditions. Radioisotopes allow targeted
treatment to all visible and invisible sites of
disease in the body.
The radioisotopes given to patients
undergoing diagnosis or treatment decay and
quickly become stable (non-radioactive)
elements within minutes or hours depending
on their half-lives or they are rapidly
eliminated from the body. Doctors choose to
use radioisotopes that have the appropriate
half-lives and energy in order to get the best
treatment, diagnosis, or information possible
without any harm to normal organ tissue. For
example, technetium99m has a half-life of six
hours and gives off 140 keV (kiloelectronvolts)
of energy, which is quite low and not enough
to harm patients. Doctors are also very careful
about the number of radioisotopes given to
patients to minimize radiation dose while
ensuring images of acceptable quality. Short-
lived and very short-lived radioisotopes are
City of Good Character
used in order to minimize the already small
radiation dose the patient receives from the
use of radiopharmaceuticals.
Medical staff follow strict rules and are
trained to ensure that those patients who are
given therapeutic doses of radioisotopes
(these are only used for cancer treatment and
other kinds of therapy, never for diagnosis) are
kept isolated in their hospital rooms until the
patient’s exposure to the worker and public is
reduced to a safe level. The nurses, doctors
and porters charged with their care also
maintain a safe distance during any interaction
and wear personal dosimeters that keep track
of their radiation doses at work to ensure that
their doses do not exceed a specified limit,
which is far below the safety threshold. As
soon as the radioisotopes decay to a level
where the radiation exposure is low enough,
the patients are free to go about their normal
lives and return to their normal routines.
Patients benefit from the properties of
radiation in the treatment of cancer. Those
who need the procedure are justified in having
the procedure. It all relates to ’justification’, a
key concept in nuclear medicine. Justification
means that the benefit derived from the use of
radiation must outweigh the potential harm to
the patient. And for someone who has cancer,
the use of a short-lived radioisotope during
treatment could cure them from the cancer or
extend their lives. Health care workers are
trained on clinical practices to appropriately
manage exposure as they provide support for
patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Therefore, these treatments are often justified
in the eyes of both the patient and their
physician.
_____________________________________
Sasha Henriques, IAEA Office of Public
Information and Communicati

Answer the following questions on a separate sheet paper.

1. List three uses of radioisotopes in medicine mentioned in the given article.
2. List three ways how radioisotopes are used in medicine.
3. Is using radioisotopes dangerous to patients?
4. If a patient is exposed and treated with a radioisotopes. Will he/she pose a
threat to the health of people around him/ her?
5. If people are warned to keep their distance while radioisotopes treatment of
patient is on- going, then why are these treatments allowed for patients?

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is an isotope?
A. An isotope is an atom of an element that have different numbers of
electrons.
B. An isotope is an atom of an element that have different numbers of
protons.
C. An isotope is an atom of an element that have different numbers of
neutrons.
D. An isotope is an atom of an element that have different atomic
numbers.

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For numbers 2 – 4. You may refer to the periodic table of elements.

2. What is the atomic mass of B- 10?

A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20

3. How many neutrons does Mg- 24 have?

A. 6
B. 12
C. 24
D. 48

4. How many protons does Cl – 35 have?

A. 7
B. 14
C. 17
D. 35

5. Which of the following isotopes kills microorganisms in food, extending the

shelf life of this product?
A. Cobalt- 60
B. Iodine- 131
C. Hydrogen- 3
D. Cesium- 137

Additional Activities

Answer the following questions using the model of the hydrogen isotopes given below.

ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1. What does each symbol (+, -, red dot) in the model of the hydrogen isotopes
represent?
2. Compare the number of electron and proton in each of the given isotopes?

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 3. Protium, deuterium, and tritium are the Latin names of the 3 hydrogen
isotopes. Which physical property of hydrogen isotopes is described by these
Latin names and what does it imply?
4. If you are given two atoms with the same atomic masses, can you say that
these two are isotopes of each other? Why or why not?

Post test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Hydrogen (H) atomic number is 1 and atomic mass is 1. How many neutrons
does H have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None

2. Which of the following best defines an element?

A. The type of atoms it can have.
B. The number of isotopes it can form.
C. The number of protons found in its nucleus.
D. The number of neutrons found in its nucleus.

3. Carbon atomic mass is lesser than that of nitrogen. Which of the following
statement is FALSE?
A. The mass of electrons of both carbon and hydrogen is negligible.
B. The atomic number of carbon is less than the atomic number of
nitrogen.
C. The chemical and physical properties of carbon are different from
that of nitrogen.
D. The number of protons inside the nucleus of a carbon is greater
than the number of protons in nitrogen.

4. How is the atomic mass of a specific element found?

A. By counting the number of protons
B. By counting the number of electrons
C. By getting the total number of neutrons and protons
D. By getting the total number of neutrons and electrons

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Atoms do not have a charge.
B. Neutrons are electrically neutral.
C. Electrons are found outside the nucleus.
D. An electron has greater mass than a proton.

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 6. What does the atomic number of an atom represent?
A. The number nucleons of an atom
B. The number of neutrons found inside its nucleus
C. The number of protons found at the center of an atom
D. The number of electrons an atom has outside its nucleus

7. What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the characteristics of an

element?
A. Atom
B. Compound
C. Molecule
D. Proton

8. The atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8. How many electrons does O have?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 20

9. U-238 is an isotope of the element uranium, 238 is a number that tells us

that this isotope has ________________.
A. 238 protons
B. 238 electrons
C. 238 neutrons
D. 238 total number of p+ and n0

10. Which of the following best describes an isotope?

A. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different atomic number.
B. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of protons.
C. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of electrons.
D. Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of neutrons.

11. Which of the following isotopes is used as a nuclear medicine treatment for an
overactive thyroid, a condition called hyperthyroidism, and may be used to
treat thyroid cancer?
A. C-14
B. Fe-59
C. I-131
D. Xe-133

12. Carbon- 14 is an isotope of carbon, which of the following statements is

FALSE?
A. The atomic mass of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
B. The atomic number of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
C. The number electrons of carbon -14 is the same as carbon -12.
D. The chemical and physical property of both carbon is the same.

18 City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
13. Protium, deuterium, and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. What is the
difference between this 3 isotopes?
A. The number of protons found inside its nucleus.
B. The number of electrons found inside its nucleus.
C. The number of neutrons found inside its nucleus.
D. There is no difference between the three, because they are all
isotopes of hydrogen.

14. The two most common isotopes of uranium are U-238 and U-235. Which of
the following statements is FALSE?
A. U-238 can undergo nuclear fission.
B. 99.3% of uranium is of the U-238 variety.
C. 0. 7% Uranium is U-235 which is fissionable.
D. U-235 is used in the production of nuclear weapons.

15. Which of the following isotopes is used in radiocarbon dating and

radiolabeling?
A. C-14
B. Fe-59
C. I-131
D. Xe-133

City of Good Character 19

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character 20
What’s More
Activity 1. 3
Proton The atomic number tells us the number of protons is 79
Neutron Subtract the atomic mass with the atomic number, the number of
neutrons of Au is 118
Electron Since Au is an atom and it is electrically neutral the number of
electrons is the same as the number of protons which is 79
Activity 1.4.
Element Symbol Atomic Atomic # of # of # of
Number Mass Proton Electron Neutron
Silver Ag 47 108 47 47 61
Hafnium Hf 72 178 72 72 106
Chlorine Cl 17 35 17 17 18
What I Have Learned
Activity 1.5
1. Nucleus, protons, electrons.
2. 1
3. Neutrons
4. Protons, electrons
5. Protons
6. Positively
7. No
8. Negatively
9. Atom
10. Protons, Neutrons
11. Protons
What I Can Do
Answers may vary
Additional Activity
element A/Z format Symbol- Mass Format # of p+ # of n # of e
Neon
Ne - 20 20 9 20
Titanium
Ti - 48 22 26 22
Germanium
Ge - 73 32 41 32
Answer Key
 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
21 City of Good Character
What I Have Learned
1. Neutrons 6. Unstable
2. Radioactive 7. Uranium - 235
3. Chemical 8. Cesium - 137
4. Atomic mass; Atomic number 9. Iodine - 131
5. Atomic mass 10. Californium - 25
What I Can Do
answers may vary
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
1. + are protons, - are electron, red dots are neutrons.
2. The number of protons and electrons are the same.
3. Pro- means 1 atomic mass, deu- means 2 atomic mass, and tri- means 3 atomic mass.
4. 2 possible answers
• 2 atoms of the same atomic mass maybe identical atoms therefore it is not an
isotope.
• atoms of the same atomic mass may have different atomic number therefore
they are not an isotope.
What I Know
1. A 6. B 11. A
2. C 7. D 12. C
3. D 8. D 13. A
4. C 9. B 14. A
5. C 10. D 15. C
What’s New
Activity 1.1
Subatomic Symbol used Electrical Location in atom Relative atomic
Particle represent this charged mass (amu)
particle
Proton p + Inside the nucleus 1
Electron e _ Outside the 0.0005
nucleus /orbiting
around the outer
shell of the
nucleus
Neutron n No charge Inside the nucleus 1
Activity 1.2
Answers may vary
 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character 22
What’s New
Activity 2.1
1. Hydrogen
2. Atomic number
3. Atomic mass
4. A. proton = 1
Neutron = 0
B. Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
C. Proton = 1
Neutron = 2
Activity 2.2
 References

(1) Atom | Definition, history, & examples. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/atom

(2) Sharp, T. (2019, September 11). What is an atom? livescience.com.

https://www.livescience.com/37206-atom-definition.html

(3) Sasha Henriques (2014), Seven Things to know about Radioisotopes. IAEA
Office of Public Information and Communication, IAEA Bulletin 55-4-
December 2014.
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/55405810809.pdf

(4) Use of isotopes | Boundless chemistry. (n.d.). Lumen Learning – Simple

Book Production.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundlesschemistry/chapter/us
e-of-isotopes/

(5) Uses of radioactive isotopes – Introductory chemistry – 1st Canadian edition.

(2014, September 16). BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted
and Created by BC Faculty.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/uses-of-
radioactive-isotopes-2/

(6) What is an atom? (n.d.). Welcome to QRG.

https://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/propulsion/1-
what-is-an-atom.html

City of Good Character 23

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Coleen Michelle L. Magalong (SEHS)
Editor: Reynald Alfred A. Recede (MHS)
Ronald E. Escorpiso (MSHS)
Russel S. Berador (SEHS)
Maria Carmina R. Martin (MHS)
Reviewer: Jessica S. Mateo (EPS- Science)
Illustrator: Coleen Michelle L. Magalong (SEHS)
Layout Artist: Christine Ann G. Faraon (BNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resource Management Section

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 8682-2472 / 8682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE