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B-lymphocytes synthesize and secrete into the blood stream antibodies with
specificity against the foreign substance. This is termed HUMORAL IMMUNITY.
T-lymphocytes, which also exhibit specificity
against foreign substance by virtue of their receptors, do not make antibodies, but they
themselves seek out invader to provide their effects. T-lymphocytes also interact with B-
cells and “help” the later make antibodies; they activate macrophages, and they have a
central role in the development and regulation of acquired immunity. Acquired immunity
regulated by T-lymphocytes is termed cellular immunity or, cell mediated immunity.
IMMUNILOGICAL MEMORY
Memory cells may be either T-cell or, B-cells and are probably variants within the
original clone having recognition sites with higher specific affinity for the relevant
antigenic determinant and thus, greater immunological efficiency. In consequence, the
response to a second encounter with an antigen is more rapid than the first and
quantitatively greater in its effect. It is referred to as secondary response in contrast to the
initial primary response. Memory cells and the secondary response phenomenon account
for the prolonged or, lifetime immunity that follows many infections (such as measles),
and the secondary response is exploited in scheduling doses of various vaccines to obtain
the maximum and most long – lived immunity.