UNIVERSITY OF WAH

WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

WAH CANTT.
ELECTRICAL LAB
NAME: ABDUL AHAD REG NO: UW-19-ME-BSc-015
Experiment No 01
TITLE:
Familiarization with Electrical Engineering Lab Equipment (Oscilloscope, Function Generator,
Power Supply, Multimeter, etc).

OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this lab TO familiarize with the different Electrical Equipment and their
uses in the industry. And to learn how to use these instruments with great accuracy and the
working of Equioment.

THEORY:
There are different types of equipment used which are mentioned below:

“DIGITAL MULTIMETER”
A digital multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—principally
voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic tool for
technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.
Digital multimeters or DMMs can measure a variety of different parameters
within an electrical circuit. The basic DMMs can measure amps, volts and
ohms, as the older analogue meters did, but with the ease of incorporating
further functionality into an integrated circuit, many digital multimeters are
able to make a number of other measurements as well.
Many of them include functions enabling measurement of capacitance,
frequency, continuity (with a buzzer to facilitate easy measurements when
looking at the circuit board), temperature, transistor functionality, and often a number of other
measurements as well. Meters are also used to measure the AC and DC current also with their
frequencies.
FUNCTION GENERATOR:
A function generator is a signal source that has the capability of producing different types of
waveforms as its output signal. The most common output waveforms are sine-waves, triangular
waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of such waveforms may be adjusted
from a fraction of a hertz to several hundred kHz.
The function generators are very versatile instruments as they are capable of producing a wide
variety of waveforms and frequencies. Many function generators are also capable of generating
two different waveforms simultaneously (from different output terminals, of course). This can
be a useful feature when two generated signals are required for a particular application.

Function generators or Signal wave generators are used:

1. To test an electrical or electronic circuit.
2. To generate periodic signals.
3. For computers and control system it woks as a timer.
“BREAD BOARD”:
A thin plastic board used to hold electronic components (transistors, resistors, chips, etc.) that are
wired together. Used to develop prototypes of electronic circuits, breadboards can be reused for
future jobs. They can be used to create one-of-a-kind systems but rarely become commercial
products.
The purpose of the breadboard is to make quick electrical connections between components- like
resistors, LEDs, capacitors, etc- so that you can test your circuit before permanently soldering it
together. Breadboards have many small sockets on them, and some groups of sockets are
electrically connected to each other.
 There are five holes in the column side which are electrically connected.
 This column side is not connected with the bottom column holes.
 The top row side of holes are electrically connected.
 This top row side is not connected to the bottom row side.
“OSCILLOSCOPE”:
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform
of electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal voltage as a
function of time.
A typical oscilloscope can display alternating current (AC) or pulsating direct current (DC)
waveforms having a frequency as low as approximately 1 hertz (Hz) or as high as several
megahertz (MHz). High-end oscilloscopes can display signals having frequencies up to several
hundred gigahertz (GHz). The display is broken up into so-called horizontal divisions (hor. div)
and vertical divisions (vert. div). Time is displayed from left to right on the horizontal scale.
Instantaneous voltage appears on the vertical scale, with positive values going upward and
negative values going downward.
 Measure the heights at different points of the waveform; ie, voltage values at different
times.
 Determine the how long one cycle of the wave is; ie, the waveform's period.
 Compare the difference in the distance travelled by two waveforms that started at the
same point; ie, their phase difference.
The analog oscilloscope uses a cathode ray tube (CRT) to plot the signal's trace onto a
phosphorous screen. When the excited electrons from the CRT hit the screen, light is emitted.
The more the number of electrons that collide with the screen at a particular point, the higher the
intensity of light at
that spot. As this
happens across the
screen, we get to see the
trace of the
waveform.

CONCLUSION: