PRINCIPLES OF DISEASE AND ○ Takes advantage of the opportunity

EPIDEMIOLOGY to cause a disease

○ Factor that weakens the host
Host-Microbe Relationship defense and increase the
● Host and Pathogen susceptibility to infection:
● Infection vs Disease ■ Disturbances in the
● Pathology - is the scientific study of microflora (antagonism)
disease ■ Introduction of
microorganism to unusual
Normal Microbiota body site
● Usually does not cause disease ■ Comorbidity
● Found in the surfaces of the body ■ Immunocompromised
● Permanent residents ■ Age
● Transient microbiota ○ Pneumosistic
○ Present only in the body in a ○ Neisseria meningitidis
specific time ● Treponema pallidum - syphilis
● Factors that affect the distribution and ● Streptococcus pyogenes - sore throat, skin
composition of the normal microbiota and bone infection
○ Nutrients ● Mycobacterium tuberculosis - lung, skin, or
○ Physical and chemical factors bones
■ Temperature
■ pH Classification of Diseases
■ Oxygen ● Infectious Disease - diseases caused by
■ CO2 infectious agents such as bacteria,
■ Sunlight viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths
○ Host defense ● Non-infectious Disease - caused by any
■ Degenerative diseases factor other than infectious organisms
○ Mechanical factors
■ Ex. Movement of the ● Inherited diseases (IF/NF)
tongue and teeth ● Congenital diseases (IF/NF)
■ Microbes are dislodge and ● Degenerative diseases (IF/NF)
flushed out ● Nutritional deficiency diseases (IF/NF)
● Endocrine diseases (IF/NF)
Relationship between Normal Microbiota and ● Mental diseases (IF/NF)
the Host
● Pathogenicity - a broad concept that ● Syndrome
describes an organism’s potential to cause
infection or disease, and is used to divide ● Communicable Disease - infectious
pathogenic microbes into one of two diseases can be spread from one host to
groups another
● Virulence - ability to cause a disease ● Non Communicable Disease - not spread
● True Pathogens - capable of causing from one host to another and may result
disease in healthy persons with normal from
immune defenses ○ Infections caused by an individual’s
● Opportunistic Pathogens - Organisms that normal microflora
normally do not cause disease in their ○ Poisoning following the ingestion of
natural habitat in a healthy person preformed toxins
○ Infections caused by certain
organisms found in the
environment