‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﮭﺎج اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

Students' Book
enforce ‫ﯾﻄﺒﻖ‬- ‫ﯾﻨﻔﺬ‬ to put into practice / carryout
Govern ‫ﯾﺤﻜﻢ‬ to control
guilty ‫ﻣﺬﻧﺐ‬ responsible for a crime
innocent ‫ﺑﺮيء‬ not responsible for a crime
Jury ‫ھﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻔﯿﻦ‬ a group ofpeople incourt who decide whether
someone is guilty
legal ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ relating to the law
Principle ‫– ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ –ﻣﺒﺪأ‬ rule / belief
Property ‫ﻋﻘﺎرات‬-‫ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ something valuable which belongs to someone
prove ‫ﯾﺒﺮھﻦ‬- ‫ﯾﺜﺒﺖ‬ to show that something is true
society ‫ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ‬- ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ‬ club or organization for people with the same
interest
Society ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ allthe people living in a country
Ruler ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‬ someone incharge ofa country, suchas a king
Ruler ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺮة‬ straight piece ofwoodor plastic to help you draw
straight lines
Property ‫ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ something that belongs to someone
property ‫ﻋﻘﺎرات‬ land and buildings
fine ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬ Very good / high quality
Fine ‫ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ‬ money people pays a punishment for doing
something illegal
type ‫ﯾﻄﺒﻊ‬ write using a machine
type ‫ﻧﻮع‬ kind / sort
fraud ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺮ‬- ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎل‬ the crime of lying or cheating to get money
virus ‫ﻓﯿﺮوس‬ a bad program which damages computers
Identity theft ‫ﺳﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬ the crime of stealing someone’s personal details
solve a crime ‫ﯾﻜﺸﻒ ﺳﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ‬ to discover who commits a crime
success ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬- ‫ازدھﺎر‬ a period of great wealth
development ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬ to get worse
deteriorate ‫ﯾﺘﺪھﻮر‬ the process of modernization
emigrate ‫ﯾﮭﺎﺟﺮ‬ to leave your country to live in a new country
famine ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬ a serious shortage of food leading to great
hunger on a large scale
industry ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ economic activity concerned with raw materials
and manufacture goods.
bury ‫ﯾﺪﻓﻦ‬
waste ‫ﻧﻔﺎﯾﺎت‬ unwanted, unusable
equipment ‫ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰات‬- ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬ tools / machinery, etc.
batteries ‫ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺎت‬
household rubbish ‫ﻧﻔﺎﯾﺎت ﻣﻨﺰﻟﯿﺔ‬ waste from people’s homes
climate ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ weather conditions in an area over a period of
time
cultivate ‫ﯾﻔﻠﺢ‬- ‫ﯾﺤﺮث‬ to use land for growing crops
dust ‫ﻏﺒﺎر‬ Dry powder made of very small pieces of earth
erode ‫ﯾﺤﺖ‬ to destroy slowly
graze ‫ﯾﺮﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺷﯿﺔ‬ to put animals in a field so that they can eat the
grass
Soil ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ what plants need to grow in
survive ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ to stay alive
wildfire ‫ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ھﺎﺋﻞ‬ fire that spreads very quickly
deforestation ‫إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت‬ the cutting down of trees
environmentalist - ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ someone who tries to protect the environment
exotic ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺐ‬- ‫دﺧﯿﻞ ﺷﺎذ‬ unusual, foreign
protect ‫ﯾﺤﻤﻲ‬ to stop harm or damage
temperate ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬ not too hot or too cold
Waterfall ‫ﺷﻼل‬ a flow of water from a river or stream falling
froma height.
congregate ‫ﯾﺘﺠﻤﮭﺮ‬- ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺸﺪ‬- ‫ﯾﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ gether, often ina large group

extinction ‫اﻧﻘﺮاض‬ the death ofa type ofanimal

evade ‫ﯾﺘﻤﻠﺺ‬- ‫ﯾﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬ escape or avoid
predator ‫ﺣﯿﻮان ﻣﻔﺘﺮس‬ an animal that kills and eats other animals
shallow ‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬- ‫ﺿﺤﻞ‬ without depth
deserted - ‫ﻣﮭﻤﻞ‬- ‫ﻣﮭﺠﻮر‬
inhabitant ‫ﻗﺎطﻦ‬- ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ someone who lives ina place
overcrowding ‫اﻛﺘﻈﺎظ‬- ‫ازدﺣﺎم‬
phenomenon ‫ظﺎھﺮة‬ something that happens or exists
profitable ‫ﻣﺜﻤﺮ‬- ‫ﻣﺮﺑﺢ‬ making money
public services ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ transport, education and health
rural ‫ﻗﺮوي‬- ‫رﯾﻔﻲ‬ adjective to describe the countryside (not town)
elite ‫اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‬ group containing the best / most skilled / most
experienced
rival ‫ﺧﺼﻢ‬- ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬ a direct opponent in a particular field
Eventual ‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬ occurring at the end of a series of events
spectacle ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬- ‫ﻣﺸﮭﺪ‬ a public display
aspiring ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻄﺶ‬- ‫ﺗﻮاق‬- ‫طﻤﻮح‬ hoping or aiming for a certain thing
dedication ‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ‬- ‫ﺗﻜﺮﯾﺲ‬ showing commitment to a cause
construction ‫ﺗﺸﯿﯿﺪ‬- ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬

disrupt ‫ﯾﺸﻮش‬- ‫ﯾﻌﻄﻞ‬- ‫ﯾﺰﻋﺞ‬ to upset / disturb / interrupt in a negative way

divert ‫ﯾﻨﺤﺮف‬ to change the route of a road or river
forcibly ‫ﻋﻨﻮة‬- ‫ﻗﺴﺮا‬- ‫ﻗﮭﺮا‬ by force, against one’s will
Lock ‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ a short section ofa river or canal with gates which
allow ships to move to a higher or a lower level
reservoir ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺮة اﻟﺴﺪ – ﺧﺰان‬ a large natural or man-made lake for collecting
 and keeping water
complete ‫ﯾﻨﺠﺰ‬- ‫ﯾﻜﻤﻞ‬- ‫ﯾﻨﮭﻲ‬
construct ‫ﯾﻨﺸﺊ‬- ‫ﯾﺒﻨﻲ‬ build
entire ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬- ‫ﺗﺎم‬ whole
extend ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﯾﻤﺘﺪ‬ stretch
inception ‫اﺑﺘﺪاء‬- ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼل‬- ‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ‬ beginning
operational ‫ﺟﺎھﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
progress ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬- ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ move forward
Site ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ Place
champion ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬

demonstrate ‫ﯾﺒﺮھﻦ‬- ‫ﯾﺜﺒﺖ‬ to show or prove (something)

digit ‫رﻗﻢ‬ a number - 1, 2, 3, etc.
outstanding ‫ﻻﻣﻊ‬- ‫ﺑﺎرز‬ excellent / unusuallygood
talent ‫ﻣﻮھﺒﺔ‬ the naturalabilityto do something well
theory ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ a systemof ideas to explain something
Title ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬- ‫اﺳﻢ‬- ‫ﻟﻘﺐ‬ name showing a person’s status
Activity Book
severely ‫ﺑﺸﺪة‬- ‫ﺑﺼﺮاﻣﺔ‬- ‫ﺑﻘﺴﻮة‬ very harshly
-
civilians ‫ﻣﺪﻧﯿﻦ‬ people not inthe army
international ‫دوﻟﻲ‬ used by a number ofdifferent countries
Aid ‫ﻋﻮن‬- ‫ﻏﻮث ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ help
treaty ‫ﻣﻌﺎھﺪة‬ a formal agreement
prejudice ‫ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﯿﺰ‬ negative attitude towards people who are
different
case ‫ﻗﻀﯿﺔ‬ the subject ofa police investigation
case ‫ﺣﻘﯿﺒﺔ‬ a container for carrying luggage or papers
mean ‫ﺑﺨﯿﻞ‬ unkind / not generous
mean ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ to signify
temperate ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬
raise ‫ﯾﺮﺑﻲ‬ bring up children
creature ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮق‬ a living thing / animal
extensive ‫طﻮﯾﻞ ﺟﺪا‬- ‫ﻣﻤﺘﺪ‬ very long
original ‫أﺻﻠﻲ‬ first or earliest
recurrent ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮ‬- ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬ occurring often or repeatedly
forge ‫ﯾﺨﻮض –ﯾﺠﺮي ﺑﻘﻮة‬ advance steadily
fibre ‫ﺧﯿﻮط‬

wood pulp ‫أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻌﺠﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﯿﺔ‬ wood after it has been crushed
sustainable ‫داﺋﻤﻲ‬ -
used without causing damage to the
environment
Rot ‫ﯾﺘﻔﺴﺦ‬- ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻔﻦ‬- ‫ﯾﻔﺴﺪ‬ decay
cloth ‫ﻗﻤﺎش‬ material or fabric used to make clothes
global ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ affecting the whole world
consumption ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ the eating or drinking ofsomething
devastating ‫ﻣﺨﺮب‬- ‫ﻣﺪﻣﺮ‬ verydestructive
tool ‫وﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬- ‫أداة‬ a piece ofequipment for doing a particular job
illegal ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ –ﻏﯿﺮ‬ against the law
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬
export ‫ﯾﺼﺪر‬ send something for sale in another country
thorn ‫ﺷﻮﻛﺔ‬

trunk ‫ﺟﺬع اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬ the main part or large stemofa tree

seed ‫ﺑﺬرة‬ a small, hard part ofa plant fromwhich a new
plant cangrow
hemisphere ‫ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ‬ one half ofthe Earth –

environment ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬
remote ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬- ‫ﻧﺎء‬- ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬ far fromcivilization or populated areas
pouch ‫ﻛﯿﺲ‬- ‫ﺣﻘﯿﺒﺔ‬- ‫ﺟﺮاب‬ bag or pocket ofskin
terrain ‫ﺑﻘﻌﺔ‬- ‫أرض‬- ‫ﺣﻘﻞ‬ type of landscape
adapt ‫ﯾﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ‬- ‫ﯾﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬
plain ‫أرض ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻄﺔ‬- ‫ﺳﮭﻞ‬ large area of flat land, usuallywithout trees
iceberg ‫ﺟﺒﻞ ﺟﻠﯿﺪي‬ large block of ice that floats in the sea
habitat ‫اﻟﻤﻮطﻦ‬ the place where an animal lives
observe - ‫ﯾﺮﺻﺪ‬- ‫ﯾﺮاﻗﺐ‬
located ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺿﻊ‬- ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬- ‫واﻗﻊ‬ placed / situated
countryof origin ‫ﺑﻠﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ place where something (an animal) is from
in favour of ‫ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ for / on the side of
objection ‫اﻋﺘﺮاض‬ argument against
consider ‫ﯾﻼﺣﻆ‬ examine and discuss
keep incaptivity ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺮ‬ prevent fromescaping
alert - ‫ﻧﺸﯿﻂ‬- ‫ﯾﻘﻆ‬ clear-
concentrate ‫ﯾﺮﻛﺰ‬ give all your attention to a subject
deprived of ‫ﻣﺤﺮوم ﻣﻦ‬ not having any or enoughofsomething
Irritable ‫ﯾﻊ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬- ‫ﻧﺰ ق‬ easilyannoyed
Moody ‫ﻣﺰاﺟﻲ‬ easily feeling gloomy for no good reason
Recharge ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺪ ﺷﺤﻦ‬ renew
Shallow ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬- ‫ﺿﺤﻞ‬ not deep
embassy ‫ﺳﻔﺎرة‬ the offices ofthe representative ofa foreign

Regulate ‫ﯾﻨﻈﻢ‬ supervise or control

Sector ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬
Specific ‫ﻣﺤﺪد‬ clearlydefined
Fraction ‫ﺟﺰء‬ a small amount ofsomething
Institution ‫ﻣﻌﮭﺪ‬- ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ an organization with an important role inthe
country
artifact ‫ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬
Skilled ‫ﻣﺎھﺮ‬- ‫ﺑﺎرع‬ having a special ability or talent
artisan ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺻﻨﻌﺔ‬- ‫ﺣﺮﻓﻲ‬ worker in a skilled trade (usually making items by
Bronze Age ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺒﺮوﻧﺰي‬ a period ofprehistorywhen weapons and tools
were commonly made of bronze
Ornate ‫ﻣﻨﻤﻖ‬- ‫ﻣﺰﺧﺮف‬ intricatelydecorated with complex patterns or
constructions
altitude ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
Extreme ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬- ‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬ verygreat or severe
Oxygen ‫اوﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬ the gas we need to breathe
Constant ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ staying the same / not changing
Frostbite ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺼﻘﯿﻊ‬ injurycaused to the body byverycold emperatures
Sherpa ‫ﺷﺮﺑﺔ‬ Himalayan people famous for their skill as
mountaineers
incredible

Reduced ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﻣﺨﺘﺰل‬- ‫ﻣﺼﻐﺮ‬ short and clear

freight traffic ‫ﺳﯿﺎرات اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ possible to understand

View ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬- ‫ﻣﺸﮭﺪ‬ to show the differences between
keep (someone) awake ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻲ)ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻣﺎ (ﻣﺴﺘﯿﻘﻈ‬ the answer to a (mathematical) problem
Missing word

1) .............. law related to computer crime is changing very quickly. Modern criminals
............. using computers to help ............ commit crimes like identity theft ............ to
make it easier to commit old crimes like theft or fraud.
2) Throughout history people ............. moved from one country ............ another. Some of
these migrants chose to emigrate, .............others had to move ................. of wars or for
economic reasons.
3) When we talk ............... animal migration we mean the movement of an animal from
the place where it has ................. living to a different place and the return journey. Most
migrations are recurrent events ............... happen at certain times. Animals usually
migrate to find food or to raise ............... young.
4) In Syria my family lived in ............ lovely apartment, which was provided ............ my
father’s new job. My father helped ............. run an engineering firm .............. built
bridges.
5) Ahmad and I have just got home from a two-day visit to Apamea. ............... was only a
short visit .............. I will remember it forever. Apamea is ................ancient site on the
bank of the Orontes River. There are extensive ruins which tourists.................walk
around and where they can learn about many different civilisations.
6) This group vociferously supports..............building of new houses on local wetlands.
Whilst we ..........aware............environmental concerns, the town’s economic vitality
.......... precede environmental issues.
7) Al Ain,..........ancient city, is the second biggest city in Abu Dhabi. It ............located 160
km east of the capital and is linked to Abu Dhabi City..........fast motorways. It takes 90
minutes to drive between..........two cities.
8) Near Lattakia there is a shipwreck. We swam over ............. wrecked boat and we saw
many sea creatures swimming around ...........; it was one of the .............. interesting
things I’ve ever seen! We wore wetsuits, which I found ............ little uncomfortable,
although they meant we didn’t feel the cold at all.
9) In ........... last hundred years, people have been living longer and longer. Yet, there are
still many aspects of our lifestyles that could ........... improved. Doctors advise ..........
regular exercise and a healthy diet ............... crucial to our well-being.
10) It ........ important to get enough sleep – 8 hours a night is recommended. Getting
enough sleep keeps ......... minds fresh, but we need to exercise our brains, too. This
could involve doing puzzles .............. crosswords, playing chess or reading ............. book.
11) Tareq's instruments have become famous across Syria ……… the Arab world, and there is
now a great demand ………….. these instruments. One of Tareq’s sons, Saleh, has decided
to follow ……… father into the business and so Tareq ………..teaching him how to make
the oud.
12) I got to know a lot .......... people and I went to many places. Of course everything
moves........... quickly in the city, and that can......... stressful, but at least you know
you’re alive. In ................ country, you sometimes forget!
13) Motorists had .......... pay to drive on motorways in Italy. Under the original system, all
cars had to stop at kiosks at the beginning or the end of a section of motorway ...........
pay cash. Now, there is a high-tech alternative called Telepass. Under this system, cars
are ‘recognised’ so they ............ not have to stop. The money .............. taken from each
driver’s account.
14) 5,600 workers died between 1904 and 1914 ......... the canal was .......... constructed.
There ............. been an earlier attempt to build a canal in 1880 but it could not be
finished ........ many construction workers died of disease.
15) I left the office at midday, planning to meet ............. friend Mazen for lunch. I arrived
........... our usual meeting place ............... waited, expecting my friend to arrive at
............. minute.
16) After two failures, they nearly gave up, ........ they decided to make a final attempt. At
these altitudes, with little oxygen in the air, everything the men did took longer ........
normal. Every few metres, they fell down exhausted and ........ to rest. At 2 pm on May
8th 1978, Messner and Habeler became the first men to reach ........ summit of Everest.
 Wish sentence
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼث ﺣﺎﻻت وﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺛﺒﺎت واﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ( اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
)‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬

Very – too – really ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬So ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

The original sentence Wish sentence

Are Were
Is Was
Am Was/were
Can Could
Other verb Would

.‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ھﻮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻧﺤﻮل ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
1- The weather’s too hot at the moment. ……………………………………………………..
2- The streets are very dirty. …………………………………………………….
3- There are too many adverts on television. …………………………………………………….
4- I’m not very good at maths. …………………………………………………….
5- I’m very shy about talking in public. …………………………………………………….

Could ‫ ﯾﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬Can ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬

6- I’m really tired, but I can’t sleep at night. ………………………………………………………

7- I can’t read very quickly. ……………………………………………………..
8- I can’t speak French. …………………………………………………….
9- I can’t sing very well. ……………………………………………………….
10- I can’t remember where I left the newspaper. …………………………………………………..

‫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪة طﺮق ﻟﻜﻦ أﺑﺴﻄﮭﺎ ھﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
(Would)

11- People drive too fast in the city centre. …………………………………………………………

12- Many people in my village smoke too much. ……………………………………………………..
13- My friend won’t give me my CD back. ………………………………………………………
14- Hani speaks really quickly. ……………………………………………………………
15- He’s lost his keys. …………………………………………………….………
Passive voice

‫ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮﻟﺰ‬

1- ‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑه ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
2- ‫ﻧﻐﯿﺮ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬
3- ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
4- By ‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬

Active Passive ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

V1 Is / are = v3 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
V2 Was / were + v3 ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
Am / is / are + v(ing) Is / are + being +v3 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Was / were + v(ing) Was / were + being +v3 ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Have / has +v3 Have / has +been + v3 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺘﺎم‬
Had + v3 Had + been + v3 ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬
Modal + inf Modal + be +v3 ‫ﻣﻊ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
Can / should / must ……..

Present simple:

1. In some countries, law protects the nests of rare birds.

2. Elephants make paths through the areas where they live.
3. Many thousands of people visit Damascus to see its historical monuments.
4. Camouflage protects sand gazelles from predators.
5. Fast motorways link Al Ain To Abu Dhabi City.
6. Farmers produce many salad crops in the area around the city.
7. A mixture of recycled waste water and desalinated water waters everything.
8. They hunt tree kangaroos for their meat and fur.
9. They use their speed and agility to evade the attention of predators.

Past simple:

1. They opened Al Ain’s International Airport in 1994.

2. A local builder built their house.
3. Many peoples occupied Damascus before becoming the Syrian capital.
4. They designed the tunnel to carry 450,000 vehicles a year.
5. They completed the original Mont Blanc Tunnel in 1965.
6. Skilled engineers built the bridge in 1990.

Present continuous:

1. They are hunting tree kangaroos for their meat and fur.
2. Human activities are destroying their natural habitat.
3. If predators are threatening sand gazelles, they can run away.

Present perfect:

1. Throughout history people have hunted elephants for their tusks.

 2. People have turned their natural habitats into farmland or building land
3. Elephants have changed the natural environment.
4. Other animals have used these paths.
5. The organisation has created special protected wildlife areas.
6. They have taught the people who live there how to protect tree kangaroos.
7. They have hunted tree kangaroos for their meat and fur.
8. Human activities have destroyed their natural habitat.
9. In recent decades, Syria has made a lot of efforts to save endangered species.
10. They have prevented elephants from migrating to find food and water.

Modal:

1. They had to reclaim land from the sea.

2. They had to build a third tunnel as an escape tunnel in case of fire.
3. Engineers had to make an artificial island.
Reported speech

‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

I he / she me him / her my his / her

we they our their

:‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

last ……..the previous / tomorrow ………. the following day

here ……..there / yesterday ………… the previous day / next …………. the following

‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة اﻟﻰ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺒﻖ وھﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ واﻟﺘﺎم ﻧﺒﺪل اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
1- ‘We’re taking our grandchildren on holiday.’ ( They said )………………
2- ‘I’m working for a large travel agency. ’ ( He said)......................
3- ‘I’m going out with my parents.’ ( Ruba said)……………………………………………………
4- ‘I’m going to visit my cousins in the next town.’ ( Ruba replied …………………………………..
5- ‘I haven’t seen it.’ ( Hani said )…………………………………………………………….
6- ‘I’m enjoying my new job.’ ( Hiba said)……………………………
7- ‘I’m getting married next month.’ ( He said )………………………………………………………………
8- ‘I have never done paid work.’ ( Mrs. Chin said )…..……..
9- I’ll meet you here tomorrow.’ ( She said )……………………
10- ‘I have to be there at four o’clock’. ( Bashar said )…………………

‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ او اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
V1 → V2 ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ V2 → had + V3

Present simple

1- My parents spend every day of their lives together.’ ( He said ) ….……………

2- ‘I start work at seven, and finish at five.’ ( He said )………………………………………………………
3- ‘I live in the city centre.’ ( He said)……………………………………………………………….
4- I’m not yet married’ ( He said )…………
5- ‘I’m a lecturer and I teach economics’ ( He said )………………………
6- I work in a university.’ ( He said )……………………

Past simple

1- ‘My parents spent every day of their lives together.’ (Their son told me) ...............
2- They kept in regular touch with their family. ’ (He said )………
3- I brought my briefcase home yesterday.’ ( Hani said )…………………
4- ‘I slept for ten hours last night.’ ( He said)…………………
5- ‘I lived in the country.’ ( He said )…………………………
6- ‘I enjoyed living there most of the time.’ ( He said )……………………

Reported question:

‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

.‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠه ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺧﻄﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
1- ‘What is the secret of their healthy life?’ ( I asked their son ) ………………
2- ‘What’s your name?’ ........ ........................................................................... )him( I asked
3- What are you doing?’ …………………………….…………….………… )him( I asked
4- Where are you going?’ …………………….….……………………. )Ruba(Deema asked

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺆال ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬if / whether

5- ‘Have you enjoyed your long life?’ ………………

6- Are you enjoying married life?’
7- Was it easy to find work?’ ( I asked )……………………
8- ‘Can you take me to the airport tomorrow?’ .....................
9- Have you seen my briefcase?’ ……………

‫( ﻧﺤﺬﻓه وﻧﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬do) ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال‬

10- ‘When do you start and finish work?’ ..............................

11- ‘What time do you have to be there? …………………….……….......................
12- ‘Where do you live?’ ……………………….…………..………………… )him( I asked
13- ‘What subject do you teach?’ …………………….………………..………………
14- ‘Do you work in a college?’ ................................................................ )him( I asked
15- ‘Do you enjoy spending time with each other?’ …
16- ‘Do you remember your wedding day?’ (I asked him )…………………………..….

( had + V3( ‫( ﻧﺤﺬﻓه وﻧﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻰ‬did) ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال‬

17-‘Why did you leave your village and move to the city?’ (I asked Mr Mahmoud)…………………

18- ‘When did you get back?’ ………………………….…………..………... )Fadia(Laila asked

19- ‘When did you last have it?’ …………….……………..………………….. )Hani( Amer asked

20- ‘Where did you live before that?’ ……………………….…………..………………… )him( I asked

21- ‘Did you enjoy living there?’ …………

22- ‘Did you enjoy your holiday?’ …………………………..…….……………...

 Causative have

‫ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
.‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻧﻔﺲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ وﻋﻜﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺛﺒﺎت واﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬Have ‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑه‬

‫ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻠﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟث‬
own – myself – himself – herself – ourselves – them ) ‫ﻧﺤﺬف اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬

don’t → have

1- People don’t service their cars themselves. ……………

Doesn’t → has

2- My father doesn’t clean his car himself. …………

Didn’t / couldn’t → had

3- I didn’t repair the car myself. ………….……

4- She didn’t make the dress herself. ……………….
5- I couldn’t repair my computer myself. ……………………

Isn’t going to → isn’t going to have

6- He isn’t going to take his own photo. ……………………

V2 → didn’t have

7- My mother dyed her own dress blue.

8- My brother cut his own hair. ……………
9- My neighbour painted his own house. …………………
 ‫إﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺟﻤﻠﺔ أي ﺗﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻌﻞ وﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﺘﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ واذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ او ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎﺗﻘﺘﻀﯿه‬
when

1- When I was a student,…………………………….…..…………...………

2- When the rescue team arrived, …………………………………..……….
3- I was very nervous when …………………
4- I was only half - asleep when ……………………
5- I am looking forward When , …………………………
6- He retired when ………………………

because

7- I got home late because …………………

8- I can't buy a ticket because …………………
9- I prefer watching romance films because ………………
10- These photos look terrible because ……………
11- He has to do his work again because ………………
12- Many thousands of people visit Damascus because …………………….

That

13- Many people believe that ………………

14- I wasn’t surprised that ………………………
15- I heard this morning, unexpectedly, that ……………………
16- We need to protect some animals so that …………………
17- They move away from desert areas so that ………………
18- They need extra farming land so that ……………………
19- He promised that …………………………

So

20- I’m doing my maths homework, so ………………………

21- The weather is too hot at the moment, so ………………
22- The streets are very dirty, so …………………
23- The people were angry, so ………………………
24- I'm not good at maths, so …………………
25- I'm really tired this morning, so …………………
26- I have been working very hard recently, so …………..

Although

27- I liked the visit although …………………………

28- Some plants grow well here even though ……………
29- Although I was tired, ………………………
30- Although it was cold, ………………
 31- She went to school although ……………………

Before / after

32- We’ll have to do the room up before ………………

33- You should think carefully before ………………
34- Before he set off on his journey, ………………
35- Before they reached the summit, …………………
36- After she fell and hit her head on the ice, …………
37- The driver stopped after ………………

But

38- The fine weather made me happy, but …………….…

39- I can’t speak French, but ……………………
40- I’ve tried to contact Alia, but ……………………
41- I tried mending my glasses, but ……………………………………..……
42- It had been cloudy all morning, but ……………
43- The family escaped but …………………
44- He is a mathematical genius, but …………………

Conditional sentences

45- If I had a lot of money , …………………

46- If you broke the law, ……………………………………………………..
47- If I were a doctor, ……………………
48- If I make a mistake, ………………………
49- If you go to a dentist (an optician), ……………
50- If you drive too fast,………………………
51- If you are lucky, ……………………
 ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ أﻗﻮاس‬
.‫ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻷطﻮل ﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻊ ﺟﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﺎت‬
1- My sister is a very (able, ability) student.
2- I have never been very good at (mathematics, mathematical).
3- I enjoy listening to all kinds of (music, musical).
4- My sister was never (able, ability) to do paint or draw well
5- Many people believe that the worst crimes are murder and other (violence, violent) acts.
6- He left the court a free man because he proved that he was (innocent, innocence).
7- ome human activities are (destroying, destruction) the natural world.
8- Unemployment is falling as more people find (permanent, permanently) work.
9- In the wild , animals ( consume , consuming ) only as much they need .

‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ‬
1- Human beings are dependent on plants.
2- While she was at the Eden Project one girl became very interested in biology
3- I’ve never been keen on museums.
4- The Eden Project is quite different from a normal museum.
5- On wet days the biomes are full of visitors sheltering from the rain.
6- Visiting the Eden Project makes you aware of the importance of plants.
7- Dmeir is famous for its watering system.
8- Child prodigies are children who demonstrate talents at a very young age.
9- This is particularly remarkable when the numbers they are dealing with have been
selected at random
10- . If you are good at mental arithmetic, it means you can do calculations in your head .
11- When he died in 1791, some people said that overwork was the cause of his death.
12- I 'm not very good at maths .
13- Modern Damascus is built on the site of many ancient civilizations
14- This is leading to more extreme weather .

Formal and informal

:‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬

Government - archaeological - tax system - organisation - college

:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬

complete - construct - entire - extend - inception - operational - site

1- The new government computer system is not expected to be fully ( operational / ready
to use ) until the end of the year.
2- As part of their holiday, tourists will visit many important archaeological ( places / sites
).
3- In the twelve months since its ( inception / beginning ) , the new tax system has raised
£9 million
4- Since its ( inception / beginning), this organisation has been at the forefront of research.
 5- A government spokesman said that the new airport would not be fully (operational /
ready to use) until early in the new year.
6- The organisation hopes to be able to attract tourists to visit the many historical (sites /
places) in the south-east of the country.
7- Next year the college plans to (extend / stretch) the number of subjects it offers by 50%.

Explanation and result

because - so that - with the result that ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

Because of – the cause of – lead to ‫اﺳﻢ‬
To – in order to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
1. Some people move to greener areas ( in order to , because ) survive .

2. We need to produce more food ( because , to ) there are more people to feed .

3. Trees are cut down ( to , because ) make more agricultural land .

4. The soil is destroyed ( to , so that ) the land can't be used for growing crops .

5. Farmers tend to overcultivate their land, ( lead to , with the result that ) the soil becomes
unproductive.

6. Ahmad went to the airport ( so that , in order to ) meet his friend.

Nadia 's letter was so different to read ( so that , because ) she had written it quickly .

8. People in Syria celebrate wet weather ( because , in order to ) they need rain .

9. Many people recycle their rubbish ( because , in order not to ) use up the world's resources .
01. Fadia didn't go to school yesterday ( because , in order to ) she was ill .

00. We should stop burning coal and oil ( so that , in order not to ) cause global warming .

01. Fadia did not go to school yesterday ( so , because ) she felt ill .

01. The rainforest has been cut down ( so , to ) make more farmland.

14. Farmers need more land ( in order to , so that ) they can grow more soya beans.

15. Loggers cut down trees ( to , with the result ) sell the wood.

16. In the future, sea levels will rise ( because , lead to ) the polar ice is melting .

Comparing and Contrast

Whereas - while – but - although – even though ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

instead of – in comparison with ‫اﺳﻢ‬
less – more ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬than
on the other hand ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ وﯾﻜﻮن ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
1. It 's expensive to live in the city ( whereas , in comparison with ) the country .

2. Streets in big cities are noisy ( whereas , so that ) streets in villages are quiet .
3. ( In comparison with , but ) village life , city life can be quiet stressful .

4. Farming is less profitable ( than , then ) it used to be .

5. City people have to drive slowly, (instead of , whereas ) country people can drive quite fast .

6. I have decided to learn Chinese ( in comparison with , instead ) of French at university .

7. Brasilia was designed by an architect ,( while , when ) Damascus developed naturally .

8. Damascus is a big city ( in comparison with , while ) Brasilia .

9. ( But , Whereas ) some elderly people enjoy a quiet life in the country , many people prefer
the city life .

10. Landline phones are large and heavy ( in comparison with , whereas ) mobile phones are
small and light .

Adjectives

(a) ‫ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻮﺣﺪھﺎ وﻻﯾﺠﻮز أن ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف‬

Afraid alight Alike Alive asleep

1. The boy was ( frighten / afraid ) .
2. The fire had started when everyone in the house was ( asleep / sleep ).
3. In less than ten minutes the whole building was ( burn / alight ) .
4. Some people had minor burns, but fortunately everyone was still ( living / alive ) .
5. Two older children were standing next to the parents. They were very ( frightened /
afraid ) of the fire. A policeman offered them some water.
‫اﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﯾﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
1- This is the ( afraid / frightened ) boy .
2- The family escaped, but the parents had to calm their ( afraid / frightened ) children.
3- The police suspected a crime as there had been four ( similar / alike ) fires in the
previous month.
4- A family was standing by the side of the road. The mother was holding a ( asleep /
sleeping ) baby in her arms. A woman came to ask if they needed any help.

Music Idioms
Blow her own trumpet Drum sth into someone Face the music Change his tune
1- Laila is very good at ( blowing , hitting ) her own trumpet , so she’ll probably get that job .

2. If you break the law, you have to ( pluck , face ) the music.

3. The importance of crossing the road safely is( blown , drummed ) into children when they are
very young

4. Omar said he was going to buy a Porsche, but he changed his( tune, music ) when he
discovered the price.

5- Mohmoud is very modest –that`s why he never blows his own ( saxophone ,trumpet ) .
 6. I can’t stand the kind of big-headed person who ( blows , plays ) his own trumpet all the
time.

Musical Instruments
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬
Blow a saxophone - a trumpet – a flute
Pluck a guitar
Strum a guitar - an oud
Bow A violin
Hit percussion instruments - tablah
1. You have to ( blow / strum ) saxophones and trumpets.
2. You can ( pluck / hit ) or strum a guitar, but you usually ( blow / bow ) a violin.
3. You ( blow / hit ) percussion instruments with sticks or your hands.
4. You can (hit / strum) a guitar or you can (blow / pluck) the strings individually .
5. Can you hear someone ( blowing / strumming ) a guitar ?
6. You can either pluck or ( blow / strum ) a guitar .
Idioms with and
pick and choose nearest and odds and ends far and wide hustle and peace and quiet
dearest bustle
‫ﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﻞ واﻻﻗﺎرب‬ ‫أﺷﯿﺎء ﺗﺎﻓﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ھﺪوء ﺻﺨﺐ وﺿﻮﺿﺎء‬
1. Graduates with first class degrees can often ( hustle and bustle / pick and choose )
the jobs they want .
2. I tidied my office the other day and found all kinds of ( odds and ends / hustle and
bustle ) on my desk .
3. The country is too quiet for me, I would miss ( the hustle and bustle / odds and ends
) of the city.
4. We’re having a big celebration next week, so we’re inviting all our ( odds and ends /
nearest and dearest ) .
5. People came from (Far and wide / odds and ends ) to see the exhibition.
6. I've travelled ( long , far ) and wide , but I haven't found anywhere I like as much as
my country.
7. I prefer the ( hustle , peace ) and quiet of the countryside when I'm on holiday .
8. The new library is wonderful – there are so many books to pick and ( bow , choose )
from .
9. Let's turn the television off and have some peace and ( bustle , quiet ) for a change.
10. Most of the time I love the hustle and ( peace , bustle ) of city life .

Sounds

‫اﻟﺼﻮت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

Bang Door Drip a tap
Roar Plane Scream Terrified
Splash the swimming pool Tick a clock
1. I just heard the door ( bang / splash ) . It sounded as if someone left in a hurry .
2. The ( roar , scream ) of a plane woke me up in the night .

3. Can you hear that ( splash , dripping ) noise ? someone must have left a tap on the bathroom.

4. Everyone heard that the ( bang / splash ) when he jumped into the swimming pool .

5. A friend of mine is terrified of spiders and ( roars / screams ) if she sees one close to her .

6. Digital clocks don`t ( click / tick ) like old-fashioned clocks used to .

7. Was that ( bang / splash ) the sound of sometimes jumping into the swimming pool.

Colour Idioms
See red Give the green light put …… on the blacklist
red tape out of the blue in black and white
1. When he accused me of being wasteful , I ( saw red / saw blue ).
2. We have to stop companies from polluting the environment .we should put them on
the ( black /green) list.
3. They`ve given the ( blue / green ) light to the building of a new incinerator.
4. The rules clearly say that we must not leave rubbish outside our homes. look , it`s in (
red / black ) and white
5. It`s almost impossible to get a passport quickly . there is so much ( blue / red ) tape .
6. I heard this morning out of the ( red / blue ) , that I won a writing competition.
7. A letter came this morning completely out of the ( black – blue )
8. The government has given the ( green – blue ) light to the building of a new airport .
9. Someone accused me of being lazy and I just saw ( blue –red ) .
10. It`s in the newspaper . look – it`s here in ( black – red ) and white .
11. Unfortunately , the plans have already been prepared – I `ve seen them in ( black –
white ) and ( black-white )

Prefixes
‫ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﺒﻮادئ اﻟﺘﻲ ھﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺘﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺒﻮادىء‬
.‫ودﻻﻻﺗﮭﺎ‬
Re ‫ﻟﻼﻋﺎدة او اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ Miss ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺄ أو اﻹﺳﺎءة او ﻋﺪم اﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬
Over ‫زﯾﺎدة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ‬ under ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ‬

Re Write – build –do – organize – wind –use

Miss Hear – behave – use – read
Over Charge
Under Cook

1- I said 9.30 p .m . not 8. 30 p .m you must have ( misread . reread ) my email .

2- I didn`t think I `d spend so much money . I haven`t got enough left . The shop
assistant must have ( overcharged , undercharged ) me .
3- Those potatoes are too hard . we obviously ( overcooked , undercooked ) them .
4- Those chemicals are only dangerous if you ( misuse , reuse ) them .
 5- I want to listen to that side of the cassette again . then I `ll have to ( overwind .
rewind ) it .
6- We thought the restaurant bill was too high . we were right – the waiter had (
overcharged , undercharged ) us .
7- I`m not going to throw my mobile phone away .I'm going to send it to another
country where it can be ( misused ,reused ) .

Phrasal verbs
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ‬
run out of space / petrol Keep up with News – changes
cut down on amount of sugar/waste – packaging look forward to the day - holidays
-
come up against Problem Put up with Noise
come up with Way do away with banks – shop – landline
do without salt – sugar – sleep do up room – flat – building
– shoes – boots
make up story - excuse make up for Time
Make of Boss come out the sun
come up name - job come round operation – fell
come over after school - next in town – see us come down Price
come across camp – glasses – watch
1. Things are moving so fast – it`s impossible to keep up ( with / on ) the changes .
2. Supermarkets should cut down ( to / on ) packaging .
3. We`ve come up ( with / against ) serious problems in our plan to recycle rubbish .
4. I`m looking forward ( to / on ) the day when 100% of our rubbish is recycled .
1. Scientists have just come up ( to / with ) a new way of reprocessing plastic .
2. People living near the bus station put up ( with / to ) a lot of noise .
3. In my city , the council is running out ( on /of ) space for new houses.
4. Our town is trying hard to cut down ( in / on ) the amount of waste it buries in the
ground .
5. Students should read newspapers to make sure they keep up ( with / to ) national or
international news stories .
6. I`m looking for a new flat . I can`t put up ( to / with ) the noise of the traffic any longer
.
7. I`m looking forward ( up – to ) the summer holidays in Syria .
8. Environmentalists are working hard to come up ( to – with ) new ways of saving
energy .
9. If you want to improve your health , you should cut down ( on – with ) the amount of
sugar and fat
10. My journey to work gets worse every day . I don`t think I can put up ( on – with ) it
for much longer.
11. The car parks usually run out ( of – with ) spaces by 8 o`clock in the morning .
14. Everything was going very well until they came up ( with –against ) an unexpected
problem .
1. Ibrahim usually arrives at work on time, so his boss didn’t know what to ( make up /
make of ) it when he was an hour late one morning .
2. At first, he thought he might ( make up / make of ) an excuse, but decided he must
be honest.
3. Ibrahim promised he would ( make up for / cut down on ) the time he had lost by
being late.
4. I’ve hurt my back which means I have to get someone to do my shoes ( with / up )
for me.
5. The doctor told my grandmother she’d have to learn to ( do without / make without
) sugar .
6. We’ll have to ( do / make ) the room up before anyone sleeps there .
7. Not everyone in our family has a mobile so we can’t ( do away with / make up ) our
landline.
8. You shouldn’t try to (do away with / do without) sleep. You need at least eight hours
a night.
9. He said everything was okay, but that was just a story he ( made out / made up) to
stop me from worrying.
10. You’d better (do out / do up) your boots tightly to stop the sand getting in.
11. Too much salt is bad for you, but you shouldn’t ( do without/ do up ) it altogether.
12. They’ve spent weeks ( cutting down on / doing up ) all the buildings in the city
centre.
13. I hope they don’t ( do away with / look forward to ) our village shop – I buy all my
food there.
14. The teacher asked the class to ( make out / make up ) a story about the sea.
15. Before we can sell the flat, we’ll have to (do it up / do without it).
17. If everyone uses online banking, they’ll (do away with / do without) banks.
18. Do you take sugar in your tea? Yes, I’ve tried to ( do up / do without ) it, but I can’t
1. It had been cloudy all morning, but in the afternoon the sun ( came out / came round
).
2. As we were walking up the mountain, we( came out / came across ) a small camp
site.
3. (Come over / do up ) when you’re next in town.
5. A job has ( come across / come up ) at the polar research centre – I may apply for it.
6. I wish the price of petrol would ( come down / make out ) .
7. When I was talking to my brother yesterday, your name ( came up / do without )
several times .
8. When my brother (came round / came up) after his operation, he felt fine.
9. Why don’t you (come out / come over) after school? We could visit my grandparents.
10. It was cloudy all morning, but in the afternoon the sun (came across / came out).
11. I’ve lost my watch. Can you let me know if you (come across / come over) it?
 Tense

1. Simple Present

1- The Geneva Convention ( be ) a set of international laws . (is)

2- The law ( affect ) every area of people’s daily lives . (affects)

3- A person is innocent until someone ( prove ) that he or she is guilty. (proves)

4. The law is the code or set of rules which ( govern ) all individuals . (governs)

5. Water is the most precious natural resources .It ( play ) a central role in agricultural
production . (plays)

6. Thunder and Rain ( be ) part of weather (are)

7. The place where an animal ( live ) is called its habitat . (lives)

8. The Panama Canal , which ( join ) the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans , opened to shipping in
1914. (joins)

9. The streets are usually crowded . It ( take ) about 90 minutes to drive between my house and
the university. (takes)

10. He usually ( ring ) at this time (rings)

11. Tristan da Cunha ( be ) a small island in the South Atlantic Ocean . (is)

12. Homes ( produce ) more rubbish than big companies do . (produce)

13. Burning rubbish ( cause ) pollution . (causes)

14. Syria ( be ) at the forefront of regional recycling countries . (is)

15. Trees ( be ) usually cut down to make more agricultural land . (are)

16. Millions of visitors ( come ) every year to see the Eden Project . (come)

17.Human beings ( be ) dependent on plants . (are)

18. Visiting Eden Project ( make ) you aware of the importance of plants . (makes)

19. Ibrahim usually (arrive) at work on time . (arrives)

20. Desertification usually ( occur ) in dry areas . (occurs)

21. Farming ( be ) less profitable than it used to be (is)

22. Deirez-Zour ( be ) an area of great natural beauty . (is)

23. My journey to work ( get ) worse every day . (gets)

24. country where the sun always ( shine ) has a dry climate . (shines)
25. The postman always (come ) at this time . (comes)
26. This two-storey building ( be ) located in a residential area in the suburbs . (is)
27. He ( have ) an amazing ability to multiply large numbers in his head . (has)
28. My sister and I ( look ) very alike – people often think I 'm her . (look)

29. An animal usually ( migrate ) to find food or to raise its young . (migrates)
30. Tea ( grow ) on bushes . (grows)
31. The amount of sleep human being need ( vary ) from individual to individual . (varies)
32. Damascus ( be ) a popular tourist destination ; many thousands of people visit it. (is)
33. Al Ain's International Airport ( have ) over half a million passengers each year . (has)
34. The Tour de France ( be ) an annual bicycle race in France . (is)
35. The race ( cover ) more than 3,600km around different areas of France . (covers)
36. The rainforest ( have ) an important influence on the Earth's climate . (has)

37. Most animals ( migrate ) to escape from their enemies . (migrate)

38. It ( take ) 90 minutes to drive between the two cities . (takes)

39. When it ( be ) completed , it will be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world . (is)

40. He ( look ) very tired .He has been playing football all morning . (looks)

41. Sami has been writing an essay all morning .That's why he ( be ) very tired. (is)

42. I ( be ) really tired . I haven't been sleeping recently . (am)

43. As we ( have ) some new employees , we will have to reorganise our office . (have)
44. Tareq wants to be a teacher when he ( graduate ) from university . (graduates)
45. Scientists ( be ) worried about climate change because it is a threat to life on Earth . (are)
46. You should think carefully before you ( make ) your decision . (make)
47. When there is no wind , we ( say ) the weather is calm. (say)
48. Zoos ( exist ) all over the world because people want to see animals . (exist)
49. We usually ( think ) that greenhouse gases are harmful . (think)

50. Water preservation ( be ) a major global challenge . (is)

51. Apamea ( be ) an ancient site on the bank of the Orontes River . (is)
52. Dmeir ( be ) famous for its watering system . (is)
53. When my parents ( get ) old , my sister and I will help look after them . (get)
54. Scientists frequently ( do ) experiments to test their ideas . (do)

2. Simple past

1. The original Mont Blanc Tunnel ( be ) completed in 1965. (completed)

2. They ( have ) the flat cleaned last hour . (had)

3. Sofia ( arrive ) in England from Poland seven years ago . (arrived)

4. I ( bring ) my briefcase home from work yesterday . (brought)

5. Two years ago , Sofia ( get ) married to a teacher at her school . (got)
9. Hiba ( have ) a new job after she graduated . (had)
10. Last year I ( spend ) two months there . (spent)

11. The first paper ( be ) made from cloth nearly two thousand years ago in China . (was)
12. In 2003 , 410,000 non- British citizens ( come ) to live in the UK . (came)
13. Everyone heard the splash when he ( jump ) into the swimming pool. (jumped)
14. When I ( be ) eighteen I went to university . (was)
15. In 1953, Edmund Hillary ( become ) the first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest .
(became)

16. We were driving home yesterday evening when we ( come ) across a burningcar . (came)

17. I ( receive ) a letter from Hiba yesterday . (received)

18. The driver ( stop ) after smoke had been seen coming out of the lorry engine. (stopped)

19. In ancient times , Arab mathematicians ( lead ) the world in their subjects . (led)
20. Omar Khayyam , who ( live ) from 1048 to 1133 CE , was an astronomer . (lived)

21. Mobile phones come down in price very quickly .They are half the price they ( be ) three
years ago . (were)

22. When I ( be ) a child , I was a member of Law Society . (was)

23. Residents of Agadir ( leave ) their city after the earthquake of 1960 . (leave)

24. In 1954 a quarter of the population of Ireland ( emigrate ) abroad . (emigrated)

25. The economic success of the 1960s and 1970s ( be ) funded by oil . (was)

26. From 1950 to 2000, over a million migrants ( enter )the country. (entered)

27. When the Mayor ( visit ) the landfill site, he found that It was full. (visited)
28. The Eden Project, which (open) in the year 2000, is a living plant museum in England.
(opened)

29. For over ten years in the 1970s and 80s Bernard Hinault ( dominate ) the world of cycling.
(dominated)

3.Present Continuous

1. The scientists ( discuss ) new ways of saving energy at the moment . (are discussing)

2. I ( do ) my maths homework – can I borrow your ruler , please ? (am doing)

3. Today ,more and more people in Syria ( use ) computers for activities at home and at work .
(are using)

4. Now ,Unemployment ( fall ) as more people find permanent work . (is falling)

5. Today , more and more migrants ( arrive ) from Eastern Europe and Asia to the UK .

(are arriving)
 6. Several organizations (help) to support the preservation of traditional crafts now.

(are helping)

7. Hurry up ! our plane ( take off ) in a few minutes. (is taking off)

4. Past continuous

1. While she ( play ) tennis , she hurt her ankle . (was playing)

2. While he ( look for ) work , he was offered two jobs . (was looking for)

3. While Sofia ( study ) in Britain , she met her old teacher . (was studying)

4. Tareq (play ) tennis when he sprained his ankle . (was playing)

5. I ( study ) when suddenly the phone rang . (was studying)

6. I ( take ) my mobile phone when somebody bumped into me . (was taking)

7. We ( drive ) home on the motorway when we came across a burning car . (were driving)
8. Two older children were standing next to the parents when a policeman ( offer ) them some
water . (was offering)

Future simple

1. They ( play ) a football match next week . (will play)

2. We ( have ) a family celebration next week . would you like to come ? (will have)

3. Hani has been studying law for four years , and he ( graduate ) next year . (will graduate)

4. Three men ( appear ) in court tomorrow accused of dangerous driving . (will appear)

5. In the future , sea levels ( rise ) because the polar ice is melting . (will rise)

6. Average earnings ( be ) expected to double in the next ten years . (will be)

7. I ( show ) you the photos when I get home . (will show)

8. When it is completed , it ( be ) the largest hydroelectric dam in the world . (will be)

9. When she ( graduate ) , she will get a new job . (graduates)

Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous

1. Ali (study)law and history for four years. (has been studying )

2. Sami (write ) an essay all morning. (has been writing)

3. The police sergeant (interview ) two people so far. (has interviewed)

4. The detectives / police (interview) people all week. (have been interviewing)

5. I ( play ) the guitar for a few weeks . (have been playing)

6. I ( play ) the piano since I was 13 / for 3 years. (have been playing)
8. Laila ( revise ) for her science exam recently. (has been revising)

10. In recent years migration into Europe and Russia ( increase ) . (has been increasing)

11. In Australia , since 1945 over six million people ( arrive ) to settle . (have been arriving)

12. I ( sort out ) my bedroom cupboards all morning . (have been sorting out)

13. He looks very tired. He ( play ) football all morning . (has played)

14. I ( not have ) a cold drink since breakfast . (haven’t had)

15. I ( live ) here for three years / since 2006 . (have been living)

16. She ( train ) to be a doctor for six years . (has been training)

17. He ( just come ) out of the sea . (has just come)

18. She ( just go ) shopping ,she has been buying food for her family . (has just gone)

19. I 'm really tired. I ( not sleep ) very well recently. (haven’t slept)

21. I ( not see ) Ibrahim for over a week . (haven’t seen)

22. Since then she ( work ) as a primary school teacher . (has been woking)

23. Since she arrived , she ( be ) tired . (has been)

24. Since 2003 , I ( live ) in Aleppo . (have been living)

25. Scientists ( just come ) up with a new way of reprocessing plastic . (have just come)

27. Syria ( be ) an important trading center for several millennia . (has made)

28. My brother ( work ) in the same factory since he graduated. (has been working)

29. I ( know ) Ahmad since I was a child . (have known)

Past perfect and past perfect continuous

1. Ahmad ( go ) to the airport to meet his uncle by the time we arrived . ( had gone )

2. By 1995 , most people of my city ( use ) new technology . (had used)

3. He (drive ) nearly 1000 km by the time he stopped for a break . ( had driven)

4. My uncle finally passed his driving test . He ( take ) the test three times already . ( had taken )

5. Samer couldn't contact his brother , Khaled . He (switch ) the phone off .( had switched )

6. Irish people emigrated because so many ( die ) of starvation . ( had died )

7. I went to see Fadi in hospital . He ( break ) his leg during a football match . ( had broken )

8. When the rescue team ( arrive ) , many areas of the city had been destroyed completely .
(arrived)
9. My father retired last year . He ( work ) for the same company all his life . (had been working)

10. By the end of 1845 , about a quarter of the population of Ireland ( leave ) for the parts of the
world . ( had left )

11. Not everyone ( return ) :14 people had adapted to life in England . ( had returned )
12. When they sailed the island , the volcano ( erupt ) . ( had erupted )
13. When the rescue team arrived , thousands of families ( become ) refugees . ( had become )
14. Later studies showed that the disaster (kill ) over one third of the population . ( had killed )
15. James was nervous because he ( never fly ) before . (had never flown )

16. Ruba didn't feel very confident about taking her driving test because she ( fail) before twice.

( had failed)

17. Salah didn't recognize his friend Hani . He ( not see ) him for ten years . (hadn't seen )

18. It was a very clean place because everybody (recycle ) all their rubbish . ( had recycled )
19. He ( fall ) asleep at the wheel of his car . He had driven nearly 1000 km . (fell)
20. When I read the letter I couldn't stop smiling . I ( pass ) all my exam . ( had passed )

7. By the time Hillary and Tenzing reached the top they were exhausted . They ( climb ) for
many days . ( had been climbing )

00. Before 1953, people ( try ) to reach the summit of Everest for many years. ( had been trying )
 ‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
1- The law makes sure that every person is treated well and with respect.
.‫ﯾﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن أن ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﯾﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ وﺑﺎﺣﺘﺮام‬
2- The Red Crescent is one of the organisations that provides aid during times of war.
.‫اﻟﮭﻼل اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ھﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮوب‬
3- Most animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at certain times of the
year.
.‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ھﺠﺮات اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ھﻲ أﺣﺪاث ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة ﺗﺤﺪث ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮات‬
4- Some human activities are destroying the natural world.
.‫ﺑﻌض اﻟﻨﺸﺎطﺎت اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬
5- Storms caused the destruction of most of the crops.
‫ﺳﺒﺒﺖ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ ﺗﺪﻣﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬
6- Recycling paper is less harmful to the environment than burying it in landfill sites.
.‫إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ اﻟﻮرق أﻗﻞ ﺿﺮرا ﻣﻦ دﻓﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺎت‬
7- There is an increasing awareness in Syria of the need to recycle both paper and
other materials.
.‫ھﻨﺎك وﻋﻲ ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ اﻟﻮرق واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻷﺧﺮى‬
8- Environmentalists are working hard to find new ways of saving energy.
.‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ دﻋﺎة ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﺑﺠﺪ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد طﺮق ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
9- The rainforest has an important influence on the Earth’s climate.
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ھﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎخ اﻷرض‬
10- The rainforest has been cut down to make more farmland.
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬
11- Farmers need more land so that they can grow more soya beans.
.‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮل اﻟﺼﻮﯾﺎ‬
12- Loggers cut down trees in order to sell the wood.
‫ﯾﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺤﻄﺎﺑﻮن اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﻟﯿﺒﯿﻌﻮا اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﺸﺎب‬
13- Some animals migrate between two habitats at different times of the year.
.‫ﺗﮭﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮطﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم‬
14- Human beings have been using fossil fuels for more than two hundred years.
.‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺌﺘﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
15- Scientists are worried about climate change because it is a threat to life on Earth.
.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻗﻠﻘﻮن ﺣﻮل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ ﻷﻧه ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
16- Many people recycle their rubbish in order not to use up the world’s resources.
.‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﻌﯿﺪون ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ ﻧﻔﺎﯾﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﻮا ﺛﺮوات اﻷرض‬
17- We must do something about climate change to protect our way of life.
.‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﯿﺌﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮل ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺤﻤﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬
18- The amount of sleep human beings need varies from individual to individual.
.‫ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟه اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮد ﻻﺧﺮ‬
19- People who do not get enough sleep may find it difficult to concentrate at school or
work.
.‫اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﺤﺼﻠﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪا ﻛﺎف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
20- Banking and other financial institutions are usually based in the capital city.
.‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬
21- Syria has been a center of trade in the region for thousands of years.
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰا ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻷﻻف اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬
22- Several organizations are now helping to support the preservation of traditional
crafts.
.‫ﻋﺪة ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ دﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬
23- Before Hillary, no one had managed to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
.‫ﻗﺒﻞ ھﯿﻼري ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻗﻤﺔ إﯾﻔﺮﯾﺴﺖ‬
24- The earthquake caused terrible destruction across the country.
.‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺰﻟﺰﻻل دﻣﺎرا ﻓﻈﯿﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ أرﺟﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد‬
25- Animals consume only as much food as they need.
.‫ﺗﺴﺘﮭﻠك اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺎﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
26- A person is innocent until someone proves that he or she is guilty.
.‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮيء ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺜﺒﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أﻧه ﻣﺬﻧﺐ‬
27- The law is the code or set of rules which governs all individuals.
.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ھﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
28- He had to pay a fine because he was driving without insurance.
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﯿه أن ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ ﻷﻧه ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﻮد ﺑﺪون ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬
29- Every country has developed its own code of law over hundreds or thousands of
years.
.‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ طﻮر دﺳﺘﻮره اﻟﺨﺎص ﺧﻼل ﻣﺌﺎت أو اﻻف اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬
30- It is quite difficult to prosecute a computer criminal successfully.
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎح‬
31- The law related to computer crime is changing very quickly.
.‫إن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬
32- The majority of the world’s migrants move to find a better life.
.‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﮭﺎﺟﺮي اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﯿﺎة أﻓﻀﻞ‬
33- We have to stop companies from polluting the environment.
.‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮﯾث ﺑﯿﺌﺘﻨﺎ‬
34- Many people find out about the world by reading a daily newspaper.
.‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻘﺮاءة اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﺪ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬
35- Severe climatic conditions can destroy the top layer of soil.
.‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﻓﺔ أن ﺗﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
36- The government has made efforts to save endangered species.
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﮭﻮدا ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﺬ اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﮭﺪدة‬
37- Apamea is an ancient site on the bank of the Orontes River.
.‫أﻓﺎﻣﯿﺎ ھﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎف ﻧﮭﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ‬
38- People move from their homes in country areas to find better paid jobs.
.‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﺠﺪوا أﻋﻤﺎﻻ ﺑﺄﺟﻮر أﻓﻀﻞ‬
39- A child prodigy is a person who has an outstanding talent or skill at a very early age.
.‫اﻟﻄﻔﻞ اﻟﻌﺒﻘﺮي ھﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﺪﯾه ﻣﮭﺎرة أو ﻣﻮھﺒﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﺟﺪا‬
40- He has an amazing ability to multiply large numbers in his head.
.‫ﻟﺪﯾه ﻣﻘﺪرة ﻣﺬھﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮب أرﻗﺎم ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ذھﻨه‬
 ‫ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
‫ﯾﺘﺄﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪل اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻨه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﯿﻐﺘه‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﻮن او ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻠك اذا ﻛﺎن ﻛﺎن ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﺎطﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ او ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم او اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫‪I – we → you‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ﯾﻌﻮد ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫‪Do – does - did‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﺆال ودﻻﻻﺗﮭﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
‫‪What‬‬ ‫اﻷﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫‪A book, a pen, a sport‬‬
‫‪When‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫‪Yesterday- tomorrow – last week – in 1999‬‬
‫‪Where‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ ‫‪In Syria – in Aleppo – to school – at home‬‬
‫‪Why‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫‪To – because – for‬‬
‫‪Who‬‬ ‫ﻟألﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫‪With – Rami – my sister -‬‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪Or‬‬
‫‪How‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Tired – happy – by bus – by car – on foot‬‬
‫‪How many‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫‪Two – ten‬‬
‫‪How much‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪Some – 10 $ - 20 kg‬‬
‫‪How old‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪18 years old‬‬
‫‪How often‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪Sometimes – usually – always – twice a week‬‬
‫‪How far‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪20 km‬‬
‫‪How long‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪For ten years – since april‬‬
‫‪How fast‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪80km / h‬‬
‫‪How high‬‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫‪5 meters high‬‬
1-A: …………….........……..………..………………..? 6-A: ………….………….……......………….……..?
B: My school opened in 1975. B: I get up at seven o'clock.
A: …………………………..………………………..? A: How much sleep do you get each night?
B: The address of the school is 17, 10th Avenue. B: ………………………......…………………….
A: …………………………………..………………? A: ……………..……………...........……..…….?
B: There are twenty-five students in my class. B: I feel alert and rested in the morning.
A: Where is the school located ? A: …………………………............…………..…?
B: ……………………………………….……………..? B: Yes, I get enough sleep.
2-A:..............................................................? 7-A : ………………………………………………….?
B: School starts at eight o'clock. B : The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race.
A: …………………………….……………………..? A: …………………………………………………..?
B: My school is big and new. B: It takes place once a year.
A: ……………………………….……………..……? A: ………………………………………………….?
B: I’ve been studying there for five years. B: Over 200 racers compete in the race.
A: How do you go to school? A: Would you like to compete in this race? Why?
B: …………………………………..……………….. B: …………………………………………………..
3-A: …………………………………....……………….? 8-A: ………...…………………………………….…?
B: The sand gazelle can be found in the Arabian B: I’ve been playing tennis for ten years.
Gulf. A: ………….…….……………………………….….?
A: ………………………………….………………….? B: I started doing that when I was in primary
B: Its sand-colored body helps it to camouflage. school.
A: …………………………………....………………..? A: ………………….………………….………….....?
B: It is in danger of extinction because of hunting. B: I’ve played two tournaments so far.
A: What can we do to protect rare animals? A:What is your best talent or skill? What is it like?
B: ……………........……………………...…………… B: ……………………………………………………..
4-A: ………………………….…..........………………..? 9- A: …………….……………………..………..….?
B: The sand gazelle weighs 20 kilograms. B: I prefer shopping in the supermarket.
A: ………………………………..…………………..? A: Why do you like shopping there?
B: It is almost 100 km per hour. B: ......................................................................
A: …………………………..…..………..…………..? A: ……………………..…………………………….?
B: It has a white head and a sand-colored body. B: My mother goes with me.
A: Which animal do you prefer? Why ? A: …………….……………………….…………….?
B: ………………………………… B: I can get there by taxi.
5-A : ………………………………………………….? 10-A: ………………....……………..….........………….?
B : I moved to the city with my family. B: Yes, I have been on a trip to the Eden project.
A: …………………………………………………..? A: ……………………….……….....………………..?
B: City life is exciting and varied. B: I saw plants from all over the world there.
A: What are the disadvantages of the city? A: How did you feel?
B: .................................................................. B: ………………………..……...……………………
A: …………………………………………………? A: ……………………………....…..………….……?
B: I go to university by bus. B: I liked the waterfall the most.
 ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة‬
1 The Are Then And
2 Have To While / but Because
3 About Which Been Their
4 A By To That / which
5 It But An Can
6 The Are Of Must
7 An Is By The
8 The It Most A
9 The Be That Are
10 Is Our And A
11 And For His Is
12 Of More Be The
13 To And Do Is
14 While Being Had Because
15 My At And Any
16 But Than Had The

Wish
1. I wish the weather weren’t so hot at the
moment.
2. I wish the streets weren’t so dirty.
3. I wish there weren’t so many adverts on
television.
4. I wish I were / was very good.....
5. I wish I weren’t so shy about talking in
public.
6. I wish I could sleep at night.
7. I wish I could read very
quickly.
8. I wish I could speak French.
9. I wish I could sing very well.
10. I wish I could remember
11. I wish people wouldn't drive
so fast in the city centre.
12. I wish they wouldn't smoke
so much.
13. I wish my friend would give
me my CD back
14. I wish Hani wouldn't speak so
quickly.
15. I wish he wouldn't lost his
keys.

Passive voice
Present simple Past simple
1. In some countries, the nests of rare birds 1. Al Ain’s International
are protected by law. Airport was opened in
1994.
2. Paths are made by elephants through the 2. Their house was built by
areas where they live a local builder.
3. Damascus is visited by many thousands of 3. Damascus was occupied
people to see its historical ………. by many peoples
before........
4. Sand gazelles are protected from 4. The tunnel was
predators by camouflage. 9 designed to carry ……
5. Al Ain is linked to Abu Dhabi City by fast 50 The original Mont Blanc
Present perfect
1.Throughout history
elephants have been
hunted for their tusks.
2. Their natural habitats
have been turned into
………….
3. The natural
environment has been
changed by elephants.
4. These paths have been
used by other animals.
5. Special protected
motorways. Tunnel was completed in
1965.
6. Many salad crops are produced by 6. The bridge was built in
farmers in the …. 1990 by skilled engineers.
7. Everything is watered by a mixture of Present continuous
recycled waste water and desalinated
water.
8. Tree kangaroos are hunted for their meat 1. Tree kangaroos are
and fur. being hunted for their
meat and fur
9. Their speed and agility are used to evade 2. Their natural habitat is
the ............ being destroyed by human
activities.
3. If sand gazelles are
being threatened by
predators, they can run
away.
wildlife areas have been
created by the
organisation.
6. The people who live
there have been taught
how to ......
7. Tree kangaroos have
been hunted for their
meat and fur.
8. Their natural habitat has
been destroyed by human
activities.
9. In recent decades, a lot
of efforts have been made
by Syria to save
endangered species.
10. Elephants have been
prevented from……………

Modal 1. An artificial island had to be 2. A third tunnel had 3. Land had to be reclaimed from the
made by engineers. to be built as an sea.
escape tunnel in
case........

Reported speech
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
1- they were taking their grandchildren …. 2- he was working for...
3- she was going out with her parents. 4- she was going to visit her cousins in the next
town.
5- he hadn’t seen it. 6- she was enjoying her new job.
7- he was getting married the following month. 8- she had never done paid work.
9- she’d meet you there the following day. 10- he had to be there at..
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
Present simple Past simple
1- his parents spent every day …… 1. his parents had spent every day ……
2. he started work at seven, and finished .. they had kept in regular..
3. he lived in the….. he had brought his briefcase home the
previous day.
4. he wasn’t married yet. he had slept for ten hours the previous night.
5. he was a lecturer and he taught economics. he had lived in the…
6. he worked in a…….. .he had enjoyed living.....
Reported question
1- what the secret of their healthy 2- what his name was. 3- what he was doing.
life was.
 4- where she was going.
7- if it had been easy to...
10- when he started and finished
work.
13- what subject he taught.
16- if he remembered his wedding
day.
19- when she had got back.
22- if she had enjoyed her holiday.
5- if he had enjoyed his long
life.
8- if he could take him to the
airport the following day.
11- what time he had to …
14- if he worked in a college.
17- why he had left his village
and moved to the city.
20- where he had lived
before that.
6-if they were enjoying
married life.
9- if he had seen his briefcase.
12- where he lived
15- if they enjoyed spending
time with….
18- when she had got back.
21- if he had enjoyed living
there.

Causative have
1. People have their cars serviced.
4. She had the dress made.
7. My mother didn’t have her
dress dyed blue.
2. My father has his car cleaned
5. I had my computer
repaired.
8. My brother didn’t have his
hair cut.
3. I had the car repaired.
6. He is going to have his photo
taken.
9. My neighbour didn’t have his
house painted.

‫إكمال الجمل‬
1- I was very happy 2- They helped the people 3- I lost my money 4- I heard a noise
5- I go to the university 6- He lost the match 7- My car broke down 8- It is too expensive
9- They are interesting 10- He was training 11- He has made many 12- It is very interesting
mistakes
13- City life is interesting 14- He came late 15- I had won a prize 16- They don’t die
17- They can survive 18- They can grow more 19- He would visit me 20- I need a ruler
crops
21- I will stay at home 22- We should clean them 23- They broke the 24- I need help
window
25- I can’t work 26- I am tired 27- It was raining 28- The soil is poor
29- I went shopping 30- I opened the window 31- She was sick 32- We sleep there
33- You decide 34- You had learned driving 35- They ran out of food 36- We took her to hospital
37- He had seen smoke 38- I couldn’t go swimming 39- I can speak English 40- She isn’t at home
41- I couldn’t 42- It didn’t rain 43- The house 44- He isn’t good at
destroyed teaching
45- I would buy a villa 46- They would punish you 47- I would help people 48- I will correct it
49- You will get better 50- You have to pay a fine 51- You will get the job 52-

1- When did your school open?
What is the address of the school?
How many students are there in your class? It is
near the garden.
2- When (What time) does school start? What
does your school look like? How long have
you been studying there?
I go to school by car.
3- Where can the sand gazelle be found? What
helps it to camouflage?
Why is it in danger of extinction?
We can prevent hunting them.
4- How much does the sand gazelle weigh?
How fast is it?
What does it look like?
I prefer the tiger because it is fast and
beautiful.
5- Who did you move to the city with?
What is city life like?
They are noise and pollution.
How do you go to university?
___________________________________
‫ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
6- When ( What time ) do you get up?
I get about eight hours.
How do you feel in the morning?
Do you get enough sleep?
7- What is the Tour de France?
How often does it take place?
How many racers compete in the race? Yes,
because it is interesting.
8- How long have you been playing tennis?
When did you start doing that?
How many tournaments have you played so far?
My best talent is basketball. It is interesting.
9- Where do you prefer shopping?
Because it is interesting.
Who goes with you?
How can you get there?
10- Have you ( ever ) been on a trip to the Eden
Project?
What did you see there?
I felt very happy.
What did you like the most?