15-09-2019

Planetary
Gearset

Mechanism
for Automatic
Transmission

Planetary Gearset

1
 15-09-2019

Planetary Gearset
• A simple planetary or epicyclic gearset can provide

– overdrive,

– reverse,

– forward reduction,

– neutral, and

– direct drive ratios.

Planetary Gearset
• 3 main Components

– Sun gear with external gear teeth

– Carrier with planetary pinion gears mounted to it

– An internally toothed ring gear or annulus

2
 15-09-2019

Planetary gear configuration

Laws of Planetary Gear Set

LAW 1  No Reactionary  No Drive  Neutral

LAW 2  Planet carrier as  Gear Reduction  Low Gears

O/P & there is one
Reactionary

LAW3  Planet carrier as O/P  Overdrive  Higher Gear

LAW 4  Planer carrier is Reactionary  Reverse 

LAW 5 Any two members locked  Direct Drive (1:1)

3
 15-09-2019

Maximum forward reduction

Maximum forward reduction

• greatest torque,

• lowest speed

is produced with the sun gear as input, the ring gear

stationary, and the carrier as the output.

4
 15-09-2019

Maximum Overdrive

Maximum overdrive

• lowest torque,

• greatest speed

is produced with the carrier as input, the ring gear

stationary, and the sun gear as output.

5
 15-09-2019

Minimum forward reduction

Minimum forward reduction

• good torque

• low speed

is produced with the ring gear as input, the sun gear

stationary, and the carrier as the output

6
 15-09-2019

Slow Overdrive

Slow overdrive

• lower torque

• greater speed

is produced with the carrier as input, the sun gear

stationary, and the ring gear as output.

7
 15-09-2019

Slow Reverse

Slow reverse

• opposite output direction

• greatest torque

• lowest speed

is produced with the sun gear as input, the planetary

carrier stationary, and the ring gear as output.

8
 15-09-2019

Fast Reverse

Fast reverse

• opposite output direction

• greater torque

• low speed

is produced with the ring gear as input, the carrier

stationary, and the sun gear as output.

9
 15-09-2019

Direct Drive

Neutral Condition

10
 15-09-2019

Application of the Band Brake to the

Annulus Ring

Application of the Band Brake to the

Sun Gear

11
 15-09-2019

Planetary Gearset

Band and servo Operation

12
 15-09-2019

Band and servo Operation

Band and servo Operation

13
 15-09-2019

Band and servo Operation

Band and servo Operation

14
 15-09-2019

Shift Modes

Shift Modes : Park (P)

• The engine will only start if the selector is in either the park
or neutral position.

• In park, the drive shaft is locked so that the drive wheels

cannot move.

15
 15-09-2019

Shift Modes : Reverse (R)

• The reverse gear selector position is used to move the
vehicle in reverse.

• Reverse usually uses a lower gear ratio than any of the

forward gears.

Shift Modes : Neutral / No gear (N)

• In the neutral position no torque is being transmitted
through the automatic transmission/transaxle.

• In neutral, the drive shaft is not locked and the vehicle can
move if acted upon by some external force.

16
 15-09-2019

Shift Modes : Drive (D)

• For ordinary driving, the driver moves the selector to the
‘drive’ position.

• The transmission starts out in the lowest gear and

automatically shifts into higher gears as the car picks up
speed.

Shift Modes : Second (2 or S)

• This mode limits the transmission to the first two gear ratios,
or locks the transmission in second gear .

• This can be used to drive in adverse conditions such as

snow and ice, as well as climbing or going down hills.

17
 15-09-2019

Shift Modes : First (1 or L [Low])

• This mode locks the transmission in first gear only.

• In older vehicles, it will not change to any other gear range.

• This, like second, for towing, or for downhill driving to

increase the engine braking effect.

A patient in ambulance
can tell you the
value of
time
18