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BUDGETING
Prepared by,
Ms. Ekta S Patel,
I year M.Sc nursing.
INTRODUCTION
Recruitment is the first step in the process of
feeling vacancy.
Recruitment is a process of searching for
prospective employee.
The purpose of recruitment to provide a pool of
potentially qualified job candidates.
MEANING OF RECRUITMENT:
The
action of enlisting new people in the
armed force.
GENERAL PURPOSES:
2.Preparing
the job
7.Conducting
specification
interviews
and person
specification
6.Arrange 3.Advertising
interviews vacancies
5.Short 4.Managing
listing response
1. IDENTIFY VECNCIES:
This
step is the way adopted to receive
application and scrutinized each application
as per the requirement by the scrutiny
committee.
5. SHORT LISTING AND IDENTIFY THE
PROSPECTIVE CANDIDATES:
1) Internal sources
2) External sources
1.INTERNAL SOURCES:
Present employees
Employees referrals
Former employees
Previous application
I. TRANSFER:
It
is according to performance of present
employee.
IV. RETIRED AND RETRENCHED EMPLOYEES:
Job centers
Job advertisement
Recruitment agency
Personal recommendation
I. PRESS ADVERTIZEMENT:
1. OUTSOURCING:
2. POACHING/ RAIDING:
3. E-RECRUITMENT:
1. OUTSOURCING:
It should be flexible.
It should be produced of joint venture +
co-operation of executives/ department
heads of different level of management.
It should be synthesis of past, present
and future.
It should be n a form of the statistical
standard lay down in specific numerical
terms.
It should have support of top
management throughout the period of its
planning and supplementation.
TERMINOLOGY OF
BUDGET:
UNION BUDGET:
Union budget is a comprehensive display
of the government’s finances. It is the
most significant economic and financial
event in India. The finance minister puts
down a report that contains government
of India’s revenue and expenditure for
one fiscal year. The fiscal year runs from
April 01st to March 31st.
Financeminister present the annual
union budget in the parliament on the last
working day of February. The budget
should pass by the Lok Sabha before it
can come into the effect on April.
REVENUE BUDGET:
Therevenue budget
consists of the
revenue receipt of the
government (revenue
from tax and other
sources) and the
expenditure made
from these revenues.
REVENUE RECEIPT:
Revenue
receipt
Tax Non-tax
revenue revenue
Tax revenue: Tax revenues are made up
of taxes such as income tax, corporate
tax, excise, customs and other duties
which the government levies.
capital
Capital receipts
budget
payments
Capital receipts: The main items of capital
receipts are loans raised by the government
from the public which are called Market
Loan, borrowing by the government from the
reserve bank and other parties through sales
of treasury bills, loans received from foreign
government and bodies and recoveries of
loan granted by Central government to State
and Union Territory Governments and other
parties.
Capital payments: It consist of the
capital expenditure on acquisition of
assets like land, buildings, machinery,
equipment, as also investments in
shares, etc. and loans and advances
granted by Central Government to State
and Union territory Governments,
Government companies, Corporation and
other parities.
EXPENDITURE:
Expenditure
Plan Non-plan
expenditure expenditure
Non-plan Non-plan
revenue capital
expenditure expenditure
Plan expenditure:
It is estimated after discussion between
each plan of the ministries concerned
and planning commission. Plan and
expenditures forms a sizeable proportion
of the total expenditure of the central
government.
NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE:
It divided into two;
Non-plan revenue expenditure: it is
accounted for by the interest, payments,
subsides (mainly on food and
fertilization.), wage and salary payments
to the government employees, pension,
police, economic service in various
sectors, other general services such as
tax collection, social services grants to
foreign government.
Non-plan capital expenditure: It mainly
includes defense, loans to public
enterprises, loans to state and union
territory and foreign government.
FISCAL POLICY:
Itis change in government spending or
taxing designed to influence economic
activity. The changes are designed to
control the level of aggregate demand in
the economy.
FISCAL DEFICIT:
Thegap between the government’s total
expenditure and the sum of the revenue
receipt and non-debt capital receipt. It
represents the total amount of
borrowed funds required by the
government to completely meet its
expenditure.
HOSPITAL BUDGET:
Itis the statement of future management
policies and plan expenditure in
accounting terms.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BUDGET
1. MANPOWER BUDGET:
It includes wages and other benefit
provide for regular and temporary
workers.
2. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE BUDGET:
It includes purchases of land, building
and major equipments of considerable
expenses and long life.
3. OPERATING BUDGETING:
It includes cost of supplies, minor
equipments, repairs and overhead
expenses.
TYPES OF BUDGET:
1. INCREMENTAL BUDGET:
It is one based on estimated changes in
present operation, plus a percentage
increase for inflation, all of which is added to
previous year budget.
2. FLEXIBLE BUDGET:
It consists of several financial plans, each
for different level of program activity. It is
based on the fact that operating
conditions rarely confirm to expectation.
3. ROLLOVER BUDGET:
It is one that forecast program, revenue
and expenses for a period greater than a
year, to accommodate program that are
larger than annual budget cycle.
4. OPEN ENDED BUDGET:
It is a financial plan in which each
operating manager presents a single cost
estimate for what is considered optimal
activity level for each program in the unit,
without indicating how budget should be
scaled down if less funding is available.
5. FIXED-CEILING BUDGET:
It is financial plan in which uppermost
spending limit is set by the top executives
the unit and divisional managers develop
budget proposal for their area of
responsibility.
6. PERFORMANCE BUDGET:
It is based on function which allocated
function, not division e.g. direct nursing
care, in service education, nursing
research.
7. PROGRAM BUDGET:
It is one where costs are computed for
total program i.e. group total cost for
each service program. E.g. MCH, FP.
8. PRODUCTION BUDGET:
Annularity.
Comprehensiveness.
Unity:
it should have both long term and sort
term expenses items.
Exclusiveness: the budget is concerned
with money, not with issue.
Specificity: it should be allocated to
identifiable objects.
Accountability: money should spent as
indicted in the budget plan.
BUDGETARY PROCESS:
The budget process consists of activity
that encompasses the development,
implementation, and evaluation of plan
for provision of services and capital
assets.
STEPS IN BUDGETARY
PROCESS:
BUDGET APPROVAL
BUDGET ALLOCATION
AND APPROPRIATION
BUDGET MONITORING
1. BUDGET ESTIMATION PREPARATION:
Nursing budget is
plan for allocation of
resources based on
preconceived need
for proposal series of
programs to deliver
patent care during
one fiscal year.
A nursing budget is a systematic plan that is
estimate by nurse administrators for revenue
and nursing expenses.
• Forecast the workload, the number of patient, day expected on each nursing unit for
coming fiscal year is calculated.
2.
• Budget patient care hours the expected number of hours developed to the patient care
3. for forecasted patients days is calculated.
• Budget patient care hours and staffing schedule. The budgeted patient care hours are
4. reflected in recommended staffing schedule by shift and by the day of week.
• Plan non-productive hours and productive hours are budgeted for coming year.
5.
• To aid in planning process, a graph is used to show nurse and level of forecasted
patient days and therefore the staff requirement are expected to increase or decrease
6. during the year, considering educational activity.
• Estimate the cost and supplies and services. The supply and services to be purchased
for the year are budgeted.
7.
• Anticipate capital expenses. The expected capital investment for the coming year is
included in budget.
8.
Budgeting can be strong support for
developing written objects for the nursing
division and for each of its unit.
It provides motivation for effective planning
and standard by which to evaluate the
performance of nurse manager.
Nursing budget plan ensure that client
receive the nursing services from
satisfied nursing staff.
ZERO BASE
BUDGETING:
INTRODUCTION:
The use of Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB)
as a managerial tool has become,
increasingly popular since the early
1970s.
ZBB has been gaining acceptance in the
business world as a tool in measuring the
managerial functions of planning and
control.
Initially the former President of America,
Jimmy Carter, has developed this
technique, when he was working as the
Governor of Georgia, for controlling state
expenditure.
MEANING:
Extent of Coverage
Preparation of Budgets
PERFORMANCE
BUDGETING
MEANING:
PLANNING
EVALUATING PROGRAMMING
BUDGETING
PLANNNIG:
Planning is an analytic activity carried out to
aid in selection of organizational objectives
and then to examine the courses of action
that could be taken in pursuit of objectives.
Planning is the administrative instrument that
provides the rational basis for decision
making.
Plans need to be spelled out by programming.
PROGRAMMING:
After
implementation of the plans, these
are analyzed for further action.
ADVANTAGES
Iteducates manager to follow a particular
source of action that affect managerial
decision.
Clarifies cost consequences of
expending or contracting service
program.
DISADVANTAGES
Ithas tendency toward excessive
centralization of decision making at the top
level while managing and control
responsibilities lies for middle manager or
supervisory group.
Difficult to define clinical program in term that
administrator and functional experts can
understand.
Difficulty in identifying the output measures
that can be quantified in financial term.