-MLIS-10%smectite and 90%illite.

-Rontine core analyses report

Specific gas permeability

-Remove damage contained within pore structure(sandstone)

Matrix Acidizing

-HCL pre-flush remove Ca,K,Na

-Wormhole growth effective for slow reaction.

-10% formic , 12500gal

-Controls an acid penetration on acid frac treatments

Velocity
Reaction w/ formation
Contact average
leakoff

Acceptable free design

Maximum frac condutivity
Optimum etched frac
Maximum frac penetration

Pumping Procedures
Viscous fingers
Viscous Acid fracturing

-Binary foam quality yelding best diversion(zonal coverage) for a foamed acid.
75 %

-Critical rock mechanism input factor?

Rock embedment Strength

-HF will react with silicates

-As temperature increases, corrosion rate increases.

-Cationic-Anionic not normally used.

-Surfactante
Causes fluid to formation
Breaks water blocks
Lower surface tension.

-FE3 precipitate out of pH 2-4

-Chemical composition of HV
Phosphonic Acid

-Titration preferred method of testing by BJ.

-Acid blends

-Customer Ordered - +-1%

-Circulate at least one tank volume
prevent layering
insure good samples
homogeneous mixture

-Foaming Agents
Unload Spent Acid(helps to unload /flowback the acid into wellbore)
Reduces density, makes it lighter; HH is lower
Diversion(75% foam quality; to get greater zonal coverage)

-Inflo
reduces surface tension
penetrants
water-wetting agent
easy to pump

-De-emulsifier
Trys to brake the emulsion

-Emulsifier
Maintains emulsion

-non-emulsifier
prevents the emulsion

-Inorganic Acid is more corrosive

-Iron control Agents

1-Converting Fe3 to Fe2, reducing iron content by using reducing agent
2-Chelating- form a complex iron, change the nature of the compound into a soluble fluid
3-Buffer- Keeps dissolved iron solution

-Most common additive to controll clay swellig?

KCL

-Clay swelling
Old and injection well

-Dolomite formation
create etch fracture a greater distance into the reservoir.

- Diverting - able to treat the whole payzone

-Acetic-Formic
Not 100% organic

-Ball size - X1.25

-Sandstone contain clay - use `mud acid`.

-Boyle`s law – temperature(affect reaction rate)

- M ---------------------Swell
- I-------------------Migration
- Kaolinite(K) - (feldspar)------Migration –Requires clay stabilizer. (Clay Master – 5C)
- Chlorite(iron rich)--------------Migration --Iron
- MLIS-----Can be migration or swell(depends of %I and %S)

- Sandstones – Contact
Carbonate-Wormholing

- Water in Oil

- Kh – permeability

- 28%HCL e o maxio permitido para transporte e armazenagem pela BJ.

- 40ft/sc is the maximum rate

- Hydraulic horsepower is defined as – avaiable power based rate and pressure.

- hydraulic horsepower – (BPM x PSI)/40.8

- Mud or cement filtrate invasion in formation is one of primary causes of moderate/deep formation
damage.

- What is the main reason to acid fracture stimulate a low permeability oil-bearing dolomite formation?
Create etched fracture a great distance into the reservoir.

- What`s the main problem from a formation damage prespective, with chlorite?
Iron hydroxide precipitates

-Wich of the following is an acid soluble scale?

Iron carbonate.

- Formic – resolve o proble de clip da perfuracao(final)

- SLA-48 – Chemically retarded acid systems(viscous)wormhole growth. (10;8)

- Placement Tecniques – CT, Ball sealer, Divert S(the most popular surfactante), limited entry, viscosity,
foam.

- Rock embedment strenght – differential etching will provide highly conductive flow channels to
provide stimulation.

- Can change permeability.

- TSO – Tip screen off

- 15%HCL is 15% by weight HCL gas and 85% by weight water.

- HCL:HF – Mud acid

- Formic:HF Acid – Same function of HCL, but weaker.

- Sta-Live Acid - Chemically retarded acid system for carbonate matrix or fracture applications.
- Corrosion Inhibitors –
1- film forming process
2- Slow down
3- Cation(99% dos casos)

- All of gelling agent has anionic surfactant.

- CI-29 – Most enviromental friendly

- Iron control agents(buffers) – Normally not recommended to use alone – use with reducing or
sequestering agent.

- Amphoteric, Zwitterionic surfactants – Betaine

- Foam Agent – 75% foam quality

- Acid retarder(SLA-48)

- Divert C is for brine

- E-31(emulsifier) – Based in total volume (28;11)

- Paravan D- Aliphatics and Aromatics na composicao.

- AG-58L(Acid Gelling Agent) - Enviromentally friendly version of AG-57L.

- Friction reducers- Most effective FR are polyacrylamides.

- Magnacide 575 – Primeiro coloca o magnacide pra depois colocar a agua