The page cannot be found http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/topbar.

asp

The page cannot be found

The page you are looking for might have been removed, had its name changed, or is
temporarily unavailable.

Please try the following:

Make sure that the Web site address displayed in the address bar of your
browser is spelled and formatted correctly.
If you reached this page by clicking a link, contact the Web site administrator to
alert them that the link is incorrectly formatted.
Click the Back button to try another link.

HTTP Error 404 - File or directory not found.

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Technical Information (for support personnel)

Go to Microsoft Product Support Services and perform a title search for the
words HTTP and 404.
Open IIS Help, which is accessible in IIS Manager (inetmgr), and search for
topics titled Web Site Setup, Common Administrative Tasks, and About
Custom Error Messages.

1 of 1 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

1997 SCMR 209

[Supreme Court of Pakistan]

Present: Ajmal Mian, Abdul Hafeez Memon

and Nasir Aslam Zahid, JJ

THE STATE‑‑‑Petitioner

versus

ASIF ADIL and others‑‑‑Respondents

Criminal Petitions for Leave to Appeal Nos.60‑K to 65‑K, 71‑K and 72‑K of 1994, decided on 20th
November, 1996.

(On appeal from the orders dated 24‑2‑1994 and 20‑3‑1994 of the High Court of Sindh, Karachi, passed
in Criminal Acquittal Appeals Nos.81/92, 311/92, 300/92, 288/92, 287/92, 269/92 and Criminal Appeals
Nos.231/92 and 211/92 respectively).

(a) High Court (Lahore) Rules and Orders‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑ Vol. V, 'Chap 4‑H, R. 3‑‑‑Judgment‑‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Rules of procedure in appeals‑‑‑Short order'

passed in appeal by a Division Bench of High Court‑‑Before the reasons for such order could have been
recorded, one of the Judges of Division Bench, who was an Additional Judge, was not confirmed and,
therefore, he ceased to be the Judge of the High Court‑‑‑Other Judge, however, passed the order as
follows: "short order passed in the above appeals on 24‑2‑1994 be treated as final orders and retired
afterwards ‑‑‑Validity‑‑Contention was that the available Judge instead of making the short order as the
final order, should have recorded reasons in support of the short order as he was the only Judge available
and that his order making the short order as final was illegal‑‑‑Held, reasons which might have been
recorded by the available Judge before his retirement in support of the short order of the Division Bench
could be treated as minutes and not judgment. ‑[Judgment].

(b) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366 & 367‑‑‑High Court (Lahore) Rules and Orders, Vol. V, Chap 4‑H,
R.3‑‑‑Judgment‑‑‑Language and mode of‑‑‑Judgment of High Court has to be regulated by the Letters
Patent of such High Court‑‑‑Though the provisions of Ss.366 & 367, Cr. P.C. are not applicable to the
High Court but in the absence of any contrary rule in the Letters Patent of the High Court concerned or
any other High Court Rules, the principles contained in Ss.366 & 367, Cr. P.C., to the extent which fosters
the cause of justice can be pressed into service by the High Court.‑‑[Judgment].

Anwar Ahmad v. Abdullah Ahmad and others PLD 1963 (W.P.) Kar. 313 and Ali Akbar v. The State 1969
PCr. LJ 1307 ref.

(c) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366, 367 & 369‑‑‑Judgment‑‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Signing of a draft or a proposed judgment without
pronouncing the same in open Court upon or after the conclusion of trial of an accused person by a
Magistrate is not a "judgment" in terms of Ss.366, 367 & 369, Cr.P.C.‑‑‑Such draft can be altered but
once it is signed and pronounced in terms of S.366, Cr.P.C. the Magistrate, becomes functus

1 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

officio.‑‑[Judgment].

(d) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366, 367 & 561‑A‑‑‑Judgment‑‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Oral order of acquittal or of conviction pronounced
in open Court by a Magistrate upon or after the conclusion of trial of an accused‑‑‑Validity‑‑‑Such order
is not a "judgment" in terms of Ss.366 & 367, Cr.P.C and is inoperative and of no legal effect and is liable
to be declared as such by a High Court under 5.561‑A, Cr. P.C.‑‑[Judgment].

(e) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366 & 367‑‑‑Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908), O.XX‑‑‑Judgment‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Practice and
procedure‑‑‑Up to the moment a judgment is delivered and signed in accordance with the relevant
law/rules, the Judges/other Judicial Officers have the right to change their mind as there subsists locus
poententiae subject to the qualification that if the judgment was already orally announced, the propriety
and dictates of justice demand that the view may be changed after re‑hearing the parties.‑‑[Judgment].

(f) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366 & 367‑‑‑Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908), O.XX & O.XLI, R.31‑‑‑ Judgment ‑‑‑Mode
of‑‑‑Short order‑‑‑Recording of reasons in support of short order‑‑‑Judge ceasing to be Judge on
retirement or for any other reason and a Judge transferred or on leave‑‑‑Distinction‑‑‑Held, there was a
marked distinction between a Judge, who is transferred to another Court or is on leave and a Judge who
ceases to be a Judge on account of retirement or for any other reason inasmuch as the former may record
reasons in support of a short order, but the latter having ceased to be a Judge cannot perform any judicial
work like recording of reasons in support of a short order.‑‑[Judgment].

(g) Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑O. XLI, Rr.31, 99 & 108‑‑‑Judgment in appeal‑‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Omission of one of the judges of a
Division Bench of a High Court to sign a judgment in a civil appeal as required by O.XLI, R.31, C.P.C.,
though authored by him, for an explainable reason‑‑‑Effect‑‑‑Such omission shall not vitiate the
judgment in view of Ss.99 & 108, C.P.C. so long as such irregularity does not affect the merits of the case
or the jurisdiction of the Court provided the Judge concerned remained in service.‑‑[Judgment].

(h) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366 & 367‑‑‑Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908), O.XX‑‑‑Judgment‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Verbal order
without recording even by way of a short order with the signatures of the Judge or Judges
concerned‑‑‑Validity‑‑‑Such order, held, could not be treated as judgment and would have no operative
effect in law, [Judgment].

(i) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑Ss. 366 & 367‑‑‑Civil Procedure Code (V of 1908), O.XX‑‑‑Judgment‑‑Mode of‑‑‑Short orders
recorded and signed by the concerned judges and pronounced in Court‑‑‑Validity‑‑‑Such order shall be
fully operative in law and in consequence thereof, the case in respect of which the same has been passed
shall stand disposed of in law.‑‑[Judgment].

(j) Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)‑‑‑

2 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

‑‑‑‑Ss.366 & 367‑‑‑High Court (Lahore) Rules and Orders, Vol. V, Chap.4‑H, R.3‑‑‑Judgment‑‑‑Mode
of‑‑‑Short order by Division Bench of High Court‑‑One of the Judges of Division Bench which heard the
matter and passed short order was not confirmed as a permanent Judge and, therefore, he ceased to be a
Judge of the High Court‑‑‑Reasons of the Division Bench as a judgment in support of the short order thus
could not possibly be recorded‑‑‑Available Judge, however, could record reasons to the short order in
terms of High Court (Lahore) Rules and Orders, Vol. V, Chap. 4‑H, R.3 would have been deemed to be
minutes and not judgment‑‑‑Available Judge, on the contrary, ordered that short order be treated as final
order‑‑‑Effect‑‑‑Held, cases in which short order had been recorded and signed by the concerned Judges
stood disposed of and the said short order was fully operative‑‑‑Short order passed by the Division Bench
which was duly signed and pronounced by the Judges for all intents and purposes, in circumstances, was
final order which could not be set aside and could not be remanded for retrial of the accused‑‑‑Party
should not be made to suffer on account of an act/omission on the pact of Court or other State
functionaries.

Abdur Rehim v. Taj Muhammad PLD 1970 Lah. 294 and PLD 1982 Kar. 250 fol.

Anwar Ahmad v. Abdullah Ahmad and others PLD 1963 (W.P.) Kar. 313; Ali Akbar v. The State 1969
PCr.LJ 1307; Firm Gokal Chand‑Jagan Nath v. Firm Nand Ram Das Atma Ram AIR 1938 PC 292; Amin
Sharif v.Syeda Khatoon and another PLD 1962 SC 97; Qazi Mehar Din's case PLD 1964 SC 446;
Baramdeo Pandey v. Debi Dat Singh AIR 1931 All. 90; Mahboob Ali v. Syed Qamar Ali and another
1972 SCMR 109; Ghulam Muhammad v. Muzammal Khan and others PLD 1967 SC 317; Muhammad
Ramzan v. The State and others 1979 SCMR 200; Surendra Singh and others v. State of Uttar Pradesh
AIR 1954 SC 194; Muhammad Hanif and others v. Muhammad and others PLD 1990 SC 859; Fateh
Khan v. Boze Mir PLD 1991 SC 782; Abdul Rashid v. Abdul Salam and others 1991 SCMR 2012 and
Sherin and 4 others v. Fazal Muhammad and 4 others 1995 SCMR 584 ref.

(k) Act of Court‑‑‑

‑‑‑‑ Party should not be made to suffer on account of an act/omission on the part of Court or other State
functionaries.

Muhammad Hanif and others v. Muhammad and others PLD 1990 SC 859; Fateh Khan v. Boze Mir PLD
1991 SC 782; Abdul Rashid v. Abdul Salam and others 1991 SCMR 2012 and Sherin and 4 others v.
Fazal Muhammad and 4 others 1995 SCMR 584 ref.

Rashid Akhtar Qureshi, Advocate‑on‑Record for Petitioner.

Nemo for Respondents.

Date of hearing: 20th November, 1996.

ORDER

AJMAL MIAN, J. ‑‑‑By this common order, we intend to dispose of the above petitions which are
directed against the omission on the part of the learned Judges of the Division Bench of the High Court of
Sindh to record reasons in support of the short orders.

2. The brief facts are that pursuant to F 1. R. No. 1144 of 1991 registered on 29‑4‑1991 at 9‑50 p. m. at
Bahadurabad Police Station, Karachi, under section 365‑A/34, P.P.C., inter alia private respondents in
Criminal Petitions Nos.61,62,64 and 65 of 1994 were tried by the learned Judge III for Suppression of
Terrorist Activities, Karachi, hereinafter referred to as the Special Court. It seems that after the conclusion
of the trial, five of the accused persons, namely, Pir Mehboob Shah, Muhammad Saeed, Nisar Ahmed,

3 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

Noor Khan and Arshad Ali were convicted and sentenced. Whereas two accused, namely, Asif Adil and
Ali Hassan Dhari were acquitted. It seems that the above convicts, filed appeals against their convictions
and sentences, whereas the State filed acquittal appeals. It appears that the aforesaid appeals were heard
by a Division Bench of the High Court of Sindh comprising Muhammad Aslam Arain and Shoukat H.
Zubedi JJ on 24‑2‑1994 and the following two short orders were passed in respect of the above convicts'
appeals and the State acquittal appeals:‑‑‑

"Convicts' appeals.‑‑Arguments concluded. For reasons to be recorded separately, we accept this appeal
set aside the conviction and sentence and acquit the appellant. He shall be released forthwith unless
required in any other case.

State's acquittal appeals.‑‑Arguments concluded. For reasons to be recorded separately, the appeal is
dismissed."

Whereas Criminal Petition No. 71‑K/94 related to the acquittal through a short order dated 20‑3‑1994 by
the above Bench in respect of conviction and sentence of three years' R.I. for the offence under section
13‑D of Arms Ordinance awarded to the respondent, Abdul Majid. Whereas Criminal Petition No.72‑K
of 1994 pertains to the acquittal by a short order dated 20‑3‑1994 of the five respondents, namely, Abdul
Majid, Mughal, Ghulam Mustafa, Mukhtar and Abdul Razzaq by the above Division Bench against the
convictions and sentences under section 302/149, P.P.C. i.e. life imprisonment and to pay a fine of
Rs.5,000 each or in default, to undergo further R.I. for one year.

3. It appears that before the reasons could have been recorded in the above matters, Shoukat H. Zubedi J.,
who was an Additional Judge, was not confirmed and, therefore, he ceased to be the judge with effect
from 23‑3‑1994. It was open to Muhammad Aslam Arain, J. to have recorded reasons in support of the
above short orders in terms of Rule 3 in Chapter 4‑H under the subheading "Rules of Procedure in
Appeals" in Volume V of the Rules and Orders of the High Court, which can be treated as minutes and not
a judgment. The above Rule 3 reads as under:‑‑‑

"3. When an appeal has been heard by a Bench of the Court, the written opinions of the Judges who heard
the appeal, but have ceased to be attached to the Court before delivery of judgment, shall, unless delivered
by another Judge of the Bench which heard the appeal, be deemed to be minutes merely and not
judgments."

However, Muhammad Aslam Arain, J. on 7‑7‑1994 passed the following order:‑‑‑

"Short Order passed in the above appeals (on 24‑2‑1994 be treated as final orders."

Muhammad Aslam Arain, J. retired from service with effect from 11‑5‑1995 on attaining the age of
superannuation.

4. The State has, therefore, filed the above petitions for leave to appeal against the above short order dated
7‑7‑1994.

5. The above petitions have been pending since over two years. In spite of best efforts, the private
respondents could not be served with the notices of the above petitions which were ordered. We have,
therefore, decided to dispose of the same.

6. In support of the above petitions Mr. Rashid Akhtar Qureshi, learned A.O.R. appearing for the
petitioner, has vehemently contended that the order of Muhammad Aslam Arain; J. dated 7‑7‑1994 was
illegal as he was required to record reasons in support of his above short orders as he was the only Judge
available instead of making the short orders as the final orders.

4 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

7. The above contention does not seem to be correct as according to the above‑quoted Rule 3 the reasons
which might have been recorded by Muhammad Aslam Arain, J. before his retirement in support of the
above short orders of the Division Bench, could be treated as minutes and not judgments.

8. It may be pertinent to observe that Chapter XXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, inter alia
contains sections 366 and 367, which provide the mode of delivering judgments and the contents of
judgments respectively. The above sections read as follows:‑‑‑

"366. Mode of delivering judgment_‑‑‑(1) The judgment in every trial in any Criminal Court of original
jurisdiction shall be pronounced or the substance of such judgment shall be explained‑‑‑

(a) in open Court either immediately after the termination of the trial or at some subsequent time of which
notice shall be given to the parties or their pleaders, and

(b) in the language of the Court, or in some other language which the accused or his pleader understands:

Provided that the whole judgment shall be read out by the Presiding Judge, if he is requested so to do
either by the prosecution or the defence.

(2) The accused shall, if in custody, be brought up, or, if not in custody, be required by the Court to attend,
to hear judgment delivered, except where his personal attendance during the trial has been dispensed with
and the sentence is one of the fine only or he is acquitted, in either of which cases it may be delivered in
the presence of his pleader.

(3) No judgment delivered by any Criminal Court shall be deemed to be invalid by reason only of the
absence of any party or his pleader on the day or from the place notified for the delivery thereof, or of any
omission to serve, or defect in serving, on the parties or their pleaders, or any of them, the notices of such
day and place.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit in any way the extent of the provisions of section
537.

367. Language of judgment: Contents of judgment.‑‑‑(1) Every such judgment shall, except as otherwise
expressly provided by this Code, be written by the Presiding Officer of the Court or from the dictation of
such Presiding Officer in the language of the Court, or in English; and shall contain the points for
determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for the decision; shall be dated and signed by the
Presiding Officer in open Court at the time of pronouncing it and with his own hand, every page of such
judgment shall be signed by him.

(2) It shall specify the offence (if any) of which, and the section of the Pakistan Penal Code or other law
under which the accused is convicted, and punishment to which he is sentenced.

(3) Judgment in alternative.‑‑When the conviction is under the Pakistan Penal Code and it is doubtful
under which of two sections, or under which of two parts of the same section of that Code the offence
falls, the Court shall distinctly express the same, and pass judgment in the alternative.

(4) If it be a judgment of acquittal, it shall state the offence of which the accused is acquitted and direct
that he be set at liberty.

(5) If the accused is convicted of an offence punishable with death, and the Court sentences him to any
punishment other than death, the Court shall in its judgment state the reason why sentence of death was
not passed.

5 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

(6) For the purposes of this section, an order under section 118 or section 123, subsection (3), shall be
deemed to be a judgment."

9. A perusal of the above‑quoted section 366, Cr.P.C. indicates that it provides a detailed procedure as to
how a judgment by a Criminal Court shall be pronounced; whereas section 367 thereof provides as to the
contents. It is not necessary to deal in detail the above sections as they are not applicable to the High
Courts which is evident from the contents of section 369, Cr.P.C. which provides that "Save as otherwise
provided by this Code or by any other law for the time being in force or, in case of a High Court by the
Letters Patent of such High Court no Court when it has signed its judgment, shall alter or review the
same, except to correct a clerical error". It is evident that in case the judgment in a criminal matter is
delivered by a High Court, it is to be regulated by the Letters Patent of such High Court and not by the
Code of Criminal Procedure. In this regard, reference may be made to the case of Anwar Ahmad v.
Abdullah Ahmad and others PLD 1963 (W.P.) Karachi 313 and the case of Ali Akbar v The State 1969
PCr. LJ 1307.

In the first case, a learned Single Judge of the erstwhile High Court of West Pakistan has held that
sections 366 and 367, Cr.P.C. are not applicable to the High Courts, whereas in the second case, another
learned Single Judge of the erstwhile High Court of West Pakistan has concluded that principles of
sections 366 and 367, although not applicable to the High Courts, nevertheless, they are accepted
principles of jurisprudence and practised by the High Courts and, therefore, judgments must be
pronounced in open Court and a draft sent by one Judge after his retirement to his companion Judge on
the Bench, could not be pronounced as a judgment.

10. We may now refer to some case‑law on the subject:‑‑‑

(i) Firm Gokal Chand‑Jagan Nath v. Firm Nand Ram Das‑Atma Ram AIR 1938 Privy Council 292

in which the facts were that the matter came up before the Privy Council in the form of an appeal against
the judgment of a Division Bench of the Lahore High Court. The appeal was heard by a Bench
comprising Harrison and Agha Haider JJ, The judgment was delivered on 22‑2‑1933, but Harrison, J.
went or leave before signing the judgment, which was signed by Agha Haider, J. The Deputy Registrar of
the High Court appended a note that Harrison, J. had gone on leave before signing the judgment he
delivered. It was urged before the Privy Council that since the High Court failed to comply with the
provision of Order 41, Rule 31, C.P.C. inasmuch as one of the Judges of the Division Bench had not
signed the judgment, the judgment was liable to be set aside. The above contention was repelled by the
Privy Council as under:‑‑‑

"The Rule does not say that if its requirements are not complied with the judgment shall be a nullity. So
startling a result would need clear and precise words. Indeed the Rule does not even state any definite
time to which it is to be fulfilled. The time is left to be defined by what is reasonable. The Rule from its
very nature is not intended to affect the rights of parties to a judgment. It is intended to secure certainty to
the ascertainment of what the Judgment was. It is a rule which Judges are required to comply with for that
object. No doubt in practice Judges do so comply, as it is their duty to do. But accidents may happen. A
Judge may die after giving judgment but before he has had a reasonable opportunity to sign it the Court
must have inherent jurisdiction to supply such a defect. The case of a Judge who has gone on leave before
signing the judgment may call for more comment, but even so the convenience of the Court and the
interest of litigants must prevail. The defect is merely en irregularity. But in truth the difficulty is disposed
of by sections 99 and 108, Civil P.C. Section 99 provides that no decree shall be reversed or substantially
varied nor shall any case be remanded in appeal on account of any error, defect or irregularity in any
proceedings in the suit not affecting the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court. That section
comes in the part dealing with appeals from original decrees. But section 108 applies the same provision
to appeals from appellate decrees and it is always in the discretion of the Board to apply the principle on
appeal to His‑Majesty‑in‑Council. In their lordships' judgment the defect here was an irregularity not
affecting the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court, and is no ground for setting aside the

6 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

decree."

(ii) Amin Sharif v. Syeda Khatoon and another PLD 1962 SC 97:

In the above case the facts were that the appellant was convicted of an offence under section 406 of the
Penal Code, 1860. Before this, the Magistrate who was trying the case, at one stage had written out a
judgment of acquittal with the intention of delivering it, but before it was delivered the complainant put in
an application for the stay of proceedings on the ground that he wanted to apply for a transfer of the case.
The Magistrate thereupon stayed the proceedings without delivering the judgment the matter eventually
came up in appeal before this Court. It was urged on behalf of the appellant/convict that under section 369
of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898, once a judgment has been signed by a Magistrate, it cannot be
altered and henceforth the Magistrate ceased to have any further jurisdiction in the case. It was further
urged that the acquittal of the accused in the judgment drafted by the Magistrate was a bar to any further
proceedings and that his subsequent conviction was not maintainable. The above contention was not
accepted inter alia for the following reasons:‑‑‑

"As already stated on the strength of this section it is contended by learned counsel for the appellant that
the signing of the judgment makes a judgment unalterable. But the judgment which is referred to in this
section means a judgment which has been delivered in accordance with section 366. Sections 366, 367
and 369 of the Criminal Procedure Code are to be read together. At the same time, the signing which is
referred to in section 369 is the signing in open Court at the time of the pronouncement of the judgment
and not a signing at home. In fact, it can be argued that the signing at home is not a signing in accordance
with law and is therefore of no effect.

If the contentions of learned counsel for the appellant were accepted a judgment signed long before the
date of hearing fixed in a trial would conclude the trial and any stay order issued by a superior Court, after
the signing would be wholly inoperative. We do not think this result was intended.

We would, therefore, hold that the simple writing and a signing the judgment was wholly ineffective and
did not operate as a bar to further proceedings."

(iii) Qazi Mehar Din (deceased) represented by Muhammad Rafig and others PLD 1964 SC 446:

in which the facts were that a suit for possession of certain lands was instituted by one, Qazi Mehar Din,
against the respondents. The suit was decreed by the learned District Judge, Rahimyar Khan. An appeal
was taken by the respondents to the High Court at Baghdad‑ul‑Jadid, which was heard by Syed Ghulam
Murtaza Shah, a Judge of that Court. The appeal was allowed, the decree of the learned District Judge was
set aside and the suit of the plaintiff was dismissed. Qazi Mehar Din then presented a Constitutional
appeal in the High Court. The appeal came up for hearing before a Division Bench of the High Court
consisting of the Chief Justice and Sardar Mahmud Khan, J. A technical objection to the competency of
the appeal, owing to a necessary party not being impleaded within time, prevailed with the Division
Bench. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed on 27‑2‑1950. It may be pointed out that before We
judgment was announced in that appeal, a regular Constitutional civil appeal was also presented on behalf
of the plaintiff on 28‑12‑1949 alongwith an application under section 5 of the Limitation Act, praying for
extension of time for the presentation of the appeal. Qazi Mehar Din also preferred an appeal to the
Judicial Committee of the Bahawalpur State from the order of the Division Bench of the High Court dated
27‑2‑1950. The said appeal was still pending, when the parties were given notice to appear in High Court
in connection with application and the Constitutional appeal preferred by the plaintiff on 28‑12‑1949.
After hearing the parties, the said appeal was dismissed on the ground that it was not competent as the
previous appeal of the plaintiff having been duly disposed of. An objection had been taken in the High
Court that the judgment which was pronounced by the learned Single Judge, Mr. Ghulam Murtaza Shah,
had been written and signed by him after he handed over the charge and had become a Minister of the
Bahawalpur State and that consequently the judgment was not a valid judicial pronouncement. Mr.
Ghulam Murtaza Shah was replaced by S. Mahmud Khan, J. The above factual position was not

7 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

controverted, but the High Court while placing reliance on the case of Baramdeo Pandey v. Debi Dat
Singh AIR 1931 All. 90 held that the judgment was not vitiated by the fact that the learned Judge had
written and signed it after he had retired from the Court. The matter came up before this Court in the form
of an appeal, which was allowed. It may be instructive to reproduce the following observations:‑‑‑

"The cases, therefore, in which judgments written by a person after transfer or on leave, were held to be
valid, would not be sufficient authority for the view that a judgment written by a Judge who had ceased to
hold his office would also be immune from exception. Such a view has potentialities of great mischief and
if by reasonable construction of the statutory provision it could be avoided, the result would .most
probably be in conformity with the intention of the Legislature. I am, therefore, disposed to think that the
narrower construction of Order XX, Rule 2, C.P.C. should be adopted and it should be held that a Judge
who has become functus officio, after being relieved of his office, should not be allowed to have anything
to do with the judicial work of the Court over which he previously presided. I would, therefore, allow the
appeal with costs and set aside the orders passed by the Division Bench of the Bahawalpur High Court.
The result would be that the first appeal in the High Court would still be deemed to be pending as it was
not disposed of, in accordance with law. "

(iv) Mahboob Ali v. Syed Oamar Ali and another 1972 SCMR 109;

In the above case the facts were that one, Syed Qamar Ali i.e. respondent No. 1, was prosecuted on a
police challan under section 324, P.P.C. in the Court of Sub‑Divisional Magistrate, Old Town, Karachi, on
the charges that he had caused injuries to the appellant Mahboob Ali on 11‑1‑1967. The case was first
tried by Mr. Azizuddin Ahmad, S.D.M., who recorded the evidence of some of the prosecution witnesses
but died thereafter. He was succeeded by Mr. Jamaluddin Jumani, who concluded the evidence and also
heard the arguments on 28‑6‑1967. On 30‑6‑1967 Mr. Jumani, without having written out his judgment in
the case, announced the acquittal of respondent No. 1. He also died a few days later with the result that
although the respondent was acquitted by him orally, there was no written judgment on record as required
by law. The appellant‑complainant took the matter to the High Court by a petition under section 561‑A,
Cr.P.C. for quashment of the oral acquittal order of the Magistrate. A learned Single Judge of the High
Court declined the above petition. Reliance was placed by him on the case of Ghulam Muhammad v.
Muzammal Khan and others PLD 1967 SC 317. This Court set aside the above judgment of the High
Court and remanded the case to the S.D.M. for trial by holding as under:‑‑‑

"The learned Single Judge, in his order, has refused to give relief under section 561‑A, because, in his
view, the alternative remedy of an application under section 350, Cr.P.C. should have been invoked by the
applicant. Section 350, Cr.P.C. does not by itself give any right to the complainant to demand the
resummoning of the witnesses by the successor Magistrate but leaves it to the option of the Magistrate
himself, or, alternatively, to the choice of the accused person, if he so decides. Of course, there was no bar
for the applicant‑complainant to move an application to the Magistrate to exercise his duty in the matter
and to conclude the case, which was still pending on the file of that Court. We feel that this was a case
where the learned Single Judge should have given the direction under section 561‑A in the ends of justice
and to prevent the abuse of the process of the Court that the proceedings in this case should be continued
by the trial Court in accordance with law, although the same purpose has been served by his directing the
complainant‑applicant to make an application to that effect before the trial Court. However, the result,
even according to the orders of the learned Single judge in the High Court, is that the case against the
respondent, which is still pending, has to be concluded, and we affirm that direction, with the variation
that instead of the appellant making an application in this behalf, the trial Magistrate, in whose Court the
case is still pending, i.e. S.D.M. Old Town, Karachi, should issue process for the appearance of the
accused‑respondent further proceedings, so that the case is concluded in accordance with law. Order
accordingly."

(v) Muhammad Ramzan v. The State and others 1979 SCMR 200;

8 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

in which the facts were that a learned Single Judge of the Lahore High Court allowed petition for
quashment of proceedings under section 561‑A, Cr.P.C. read with Article 199 of the Constitution in the
absence of the respondent by an oral order. After that, the learned counsel for the respondent filed an
application for re‑hearing and reconsideration of the matter, which was allowed. The learned Judge in
Chambers, after hearing the parties, at this time dismissed the above petition. The matter came up before
this Court. It was contended that since the learned Judge in Chambers had pronounced the oral order, he
could not have changed the same by re‑hearing the above petition. The above contention was not accepted
by this Court in the following words:‑‑‑

"8. In this petition before us the learned counsel for the petitioner was unable to support his contention to
the effect that the High Court was not competent to re‑hear and re‑consider the order orally passed by it
on the 12th of April 1977. The pronouncement having been made orally and in (he light of the provisions
contained in sections 366 and 369, Cr.P.C. the High Court was competent to have re‑heard the case before
the judgment was actually signed and sealed by the Court.

(vi) Surendra Singh and others, Appellants v. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1954 SC 194;

In the above case, a criminal appeal was heard by a Division Bench of the High Court of Uttar Pradesh.
However, the Judge, who prepared the judgment, expired before its delivery. The question arose, as to
whether the above‑draft of judgment could be delivered by the other Judge. The Indian Supreme Court
answered the above question in the following terms:‑‑‑

"(12) Now up to the moment the judgment is delivered Judges have the right to change their mind. There
is a sort of 'locus paenitentiae and indeed last minute alterations often do occur. Therefore, however, much
a draft judgment may have been signed beforehand, it is nothing but a draft till formally delivered as the
judgment of the Court. Only then does it crystallise into full‑fledged judgment and become operative. It
follows that the Judge who "delivers" the judgment, or causes it to be delivered by a brother Judge, must
be in existence as a member of the Court at the moment of delivery so that he can, if necessary, stop
delivery and say that he has changed his mind. There is no need for him to be physically present in Court
but he must be in existence as a member of the Court and be in a position to stop delivery and effect an
alteration should there be any last minute change of mind on his part. If he hands in a draft and signs it
and indicates that he intends that to be the final expository of his views it can be assumed that those are
still his views at the moment of delivery if he is alive and in a position to change his mind but takes no
steps to arrest delivery. "

(vii) Abdur Rahim v. Tai Muhammad PLD 1970 Lahore 294;

The facts of the above case were that Mr. Nabi Ahmed, Settlement Commissioner, heard a revision
petition under the Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act and allowed the same by an
order dated 16‑9‑1961. He recorded the following short order in Urdu saying:

"The file has been put up for judgment today. As per English order the revision petition has been
accepted. Order pronounced. File may be consigned to the record room after completion."

The above order was impugned before a learned Single Judge of the Lahore High Court through a
Constitution petition, which was accepted and it was held that Mr. Nabi Ahmed had not passed any legal
and valid order before he expired. The matter then was taken up in a L.P.A., which was heard by a
Division Bench comprising A.R. Sheikh and Shafiur Rehman, JJ. The above L.P.A. was upheld and it was
held that the aforesaid order of the Settlement Commissioner was valid for the following reasons:‑‑‑

"We following with respect the aforementioned dictum of their Lordships of the Privy Council, hold that a
judgment is the final decision of the Court intimated to the parties and world at large by formal
pronouncement or delivery in open Court. It is a judicial act which must be performed in a judicial way.

9 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

The decision which is so pronounced or intimated must be a declaration of the mind of the Court, as it is
at the time of the pronouncement. Minor irregularities as to the mode of delivery or manner of
pronouncement do not matter as these can be cured. Up to the moment the judgment is delivered, the
Judges have the right to change their mind, but once the judgment is delivered, the irregularity of
non‑signing of, the judgment (the reasons for the decision) in no way detracts from the binding character
of the judgment. The instant case is rather on a stronger footing. Here we have the clear embodiment of
the case by Mr. Nabi Ahmed, Settlement Commissioner, rejecting the revision petition, contained in the
Urdu order signed by Mr. Nabi Ahmad and after this pronouncement there was no occasion for Mr. Nabi
Ahmad to change his mind or have second thoughts about the decision of the case. It was due to ill‑luck
of the parties that after having pronounced the decision and dictating the judgment, the said Presiding
Officer breathed his last and the order remained unsigned. In view of the fact that the judgment had been
delivered by Mr. Nabi Ahmad, the unsigned order is very much in existence and operative between the
parties and is in no manner invalid. We accordingly hold that the revision petition had been finally
disposed of by Mr. Nabi Ahmad by his order dated the 16th September, 1961, and recall the writ issued by
the learned Single Judge. The appeal is allowed in the terms above. However, the parties are left to bear
their own costs."

(viii) In re: Office Reference dated 28‑4‑1981. PLD 1982 Karachi 250;

' This matter was taken up by a Division Bench of the High Court of Sindh comprising Zaffar Hussain
Mirza and Nasir Aslam Zahid, JJ. upon a reference, in which the following three questions were
framed:‑‑‑

"(1) What is the effect of a decision orally announced in Court without recording an order signed by the
Judge or the Judges concerned?

(2) What is the effect of a decision in which a short order has been recorded signed by the Judge or the
Judges concerned, but the detailed reasons are not recorded subsequently?

(3) In case falling under No.2 above, what procedure should be adopted i.e. whether reasons can be
recorded by Judges who are available as sitting Judges of this Court?"

Zaffar Hussain Mirza, J. spoke on behalf of the Bench and referred to an earlier judgment on the
controversy in issue in the following terms:‑‑‑

"We have heard the learned Advocate‑General, Mr. Azizullah Shaikh and Mr. Khalid Anwar as amicus
curiae to assist us in disposing of these References. We have been referred to a similar situation that arose
in Confirmation Case No.42 of 1976/Criminal Appeal No.300 of 1976, Ghulam Hussain v. State in which
a D.B. of this Court had considered the question whether an appeal which was allowed by a Division
Bench of this Court by a short order, for reasons to be recorded later in the judgment, but which reasons
could not be recorded by the Bench, could be reheard by another Bench. In this case one of us was sitting
as a Member of the Bench with late Jamaluddin Ahmad, J., but before the latter could record his reasons
in the judgment, he suddenly passed away. After a thorough review of case‑law and I say so with respect,
their Lordships reached the following conclusion.

We are accordingly of opinion that as the Division Bench had not only signed its short orders, acquitting
the appellant, but further in pursuance of that order, the writ of release for the appellant had been issued,
neither the said order can be modified or revised nor can the appeal be reheard, as the order of the
Division Bench was passed with jurisdiction. and after hearing the parties concerned. "

The above questions were answered as follows:‑‑‑

"In view of the above, we have reached the conclusion that in cases where verbal orders were announced

10 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

without recording them even by way of a short order with the signature of the Judge or Judges concerned,
no operative decision in law can take effect and these cases must be deemed to be pending to be disposed
of after rehearing the parties. The cases in which short orders have been recorded and signed by the
concerned Judges, these cases stand disposed of as these orders are fully operative in law. In the
last‑mentioned cases the Judges who have ceased to hold office cannot record reasons, but in cases in
which one of the Members of the Bench was a Judge who is still available, he may be requested to record
his reasons in support of the decision which will, however, serve as minutes of his individual opinion for
use as deemed fit by the Supreme Court in case appeals are filed against such orders."

11. From the above case‑law, following legal principles are deducible.

(i) That though the provisions of sections 366 and 367, Cr.P:C. are not applicable to the High Courts but
in the absence of any contrary rule in the Letters Patent of the High Court concerned or any other High
Court Rules, the principles contained in above provisions of the Cr.P.C. to the extent which foster the
cause of justice can be pressed into service by the High Courts;

(ii) That signing of a draft of a proposed judgment without pronouncing in open Court upon or after the
conclusion of trial of an accused person by a Magistrate is not a judgment in terms of sections 366, 367
and 369, Cr.P.C. and, therefore, it can be altered but once it is signed and pronounced in terms of section
366, Cr.P.C., the Magistrate becomes functus officio.

(iii) That an oral order of acquittal or of conviction pronounced in open Court by a Magistrate upon or
after the conclusion of trial of an accused person is not a judgment in terms of sections 366 and 367,
Cr.P.C. and, therefore, is inoperative and of no legal effect and is liable to be declared as .such by a High
Court under section 561‑A, Cr.P.C.

(iv) That in all cases up to the moment a judgment is delivered and signed in accordance with the
relevant law/rules, the Judges/other Judicial Officers have the right to change their mind as there subsists
locus poenitentiae subject to the qualification that if the judgment was already orally announced, the
propriety and dictates of justice demand that the view may be changed after re‑hearing the patties.

(v) That there is a marked distinction between a Judge, who is transferred to another Court or is on
leave and a Judge who ceases to be a Judge on account of retirement or for any other reason inasmuch as
the former may record reasons in support of a short order, but the latter having ceased to be a Judge
cannot perform any judicial work like recording of reasons in support of a short order.

(vi) That the omission of one of the Judges of a Division Bench of a High Court to sign a judgment in
a civil appeal as required by Order 41, Rule 31, C.P.C. though authored by him for an explainable reason,
shall not vitiate such a judgment in view of sections 99 and 108, C.P.C. so long as the above irregularity
does not affect the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court provided the Judge concerned
remains in service.
(vii) That verbal orders without recording them even by way of short orders with the signatures of the
Judge or Judges concerned cannot be treated as judgments and will have no operative effect in law.

(viii) That the short orders which have been recorded and signed by the Judges concerned and have been
pronounced in Courts shall be fully operative in law and in consequence thereof, the cases in respect of
which the same have been passed shall stand disposed of in law.

12. In the case in hand, Shoukat H. Zubedi, J., one of the learned Judge of the Division Bench which
heard the above matters and passed short orders, was not confirmed as a permanent Judge on 24‑2‑1994
and, therefore, had ceased to be a Judge. It was not possible to have reasons of the above Division Bench
as a judgment in support of the above short orders. However, it was open to the other learned Judge
available, namely, Muhammad Aslam Arain, J. to have recorded reasons in terms of Rule 3 in Chapter
4‑H under the sub‑heading "Rules of Procedure in Appeals" in Volume V of the Rules and Orders of the

11 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

High Court, quoted hereinabove in para. 3, which would have been deemed to be minutes and not
judgment. This was not done by the above learned Judge. On the contrary, on 7‑7‑1994 he ordered that
the short orders in appeals passed on 24‑2‑1994 be treated as final orders. He also ceased to be a Judge
with effect from 11‑5‑1995 upon his retirement. The position which has now emerged is that none of the
two Judges of the Division Bench concerned is available and, therefore, the reasons in terms of above
Rule 3 cannot be recorded. The point in issue is, as to whether the above short orders whereby the
convicts' appeals were allowed and the acquittal appeals were dismissed, can be treated as final orders for
the purpose of disposal of the appeals concerned. The answer of the above controversy is very aptly
provided in the judgment in the case of In re: Officer Reference dated 28‑4‑1981 (supra) decided by a
Division Bench of the High Court of Sindh comprising Zafar Hussain Mirza and Nasir Aslam Zahid, JJ.
(as their lordships then were), namely, that the cases in which short orders have been recorded and signed
by the concerned Judges, stand disposed of and the said short orders are fully operative. The above view
is in line with the view earlier taken by another Division Bench of the same High Court quoted
hereinabove in para. 10(viii). Somewhat similar view was taken by a Division Bench of the Lahore High
Court comprising A.R. Sheikh and Shafiur Rehman, JJ. in the case of Abdur Rahim v. Taj Muhammad
(supra), in which short order recorded in Urdu allowing a revision petition by the Settlement
Commissioner under the Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act was treated as a final
order.

13. We are inclined to hold that the short orders under reference passed by the above Division Bench of
the High Court of Sindh, which were duly signed and pronounced by the learned Judges, for all intents
and purposes in view of the situation obtaining, are final orders. The same cannot be set aside and the
cases cannot be remanded for re‑trial of the accused who stand acquitted in some of the above appeals by
the High Court and in some of the appeals by the trial Court as well as by the High Court. Our above view
is supported by a well-settled proposition of law that a party should not be made to suffer on account of
an act/omission on the part of Court or other State functionaries. In this regard, reference may be made to
the case of Muhammad Hanif and others v. Muhammad and others PLD 1990 SC 859, the case of Fateh
Khan v. Boze Mir PLD 1991 SC 782, the case of Abdul Rashid v. Adbul Salam and others 1991 SCMR
2012 and the case of Sherin and 4 others v. Fazal Muhammad and 4 others 1995 SCMR 584.

In the first case, on account of a wrong objection of the Lahore High Court office, regular appeals were
treated as civil revisions. The matter came up before this Court. It was held that "If the office of the High
Court would not have committed this initial mistake of raising a wrong objection these cases might not
have been before this Court today. Be that as it may, the office represented the Court and no party should
be allowed to suffer so long as the harm can be prevented."

In the second case, the Court below failed to specify the words "preemption money be deposited on or
before a specified' date" in terms of Order XX, Rule 14(1)(a), C.P.C. The pre‑emptor deposited the
pre‑emption money not before the specified date but on the specified date. The High Court dismissed the
suit. This Court set aside the judgment of the High Court and restored the judgment of the Appellate
Court. In the context it was observed that "a successful pre‑emptor cannot be penalised as no party has to
suffer on account of an act of the Court. In the present case, as the Court has not directed the deposit of
amount within the terms of Order XX, Rule 14(l)(a), the suit could not be dismissed".

In the third case, there was a mistake as to the number of property mentioned in the judgment. In that
context this Court retreated the above principle by holding that "An error committed by the Court cannot
be utilized for the benefit of the respondents. A party cannot be non‑suited on account of an erroneous
order of the Court".

In the last case, this Court while dealing with a Civil Appeal has dilated the above legal proposition in
detail after referring in to the case‑law of the Courts of foreign jurisdiction and quoted the following
extract from the judgment of the Privy Council in the case of Jai Behram v. Kedar Nath AIR 1922 PC
269.

12 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM
Case Judgement http://www.plsbeta.com/LawOnline/law/content21.asp?Casedes=1997S735

"One of the first and highest duties of all Courts is to take care that the act of the Courts does not cause
injury to any of the suitors and when the expression 'the act of the Court', is used, it does not mean merely
the act of the Primary Court, or of any intermediate Court of Appeal, but the act of the Court as a whole
from the lowest Court which entertains jurisdiction over the matter up to the highest Court which finally
disposes of the case."

14. In the instant case, the reasons could not be recorded in support of the short orders on account of
act/omission. on the part of the learned Judges of the Division Bench of the High Court and/or the
Government as Shoukat H. Zubedi J. was dropped and was not made a permanent Judge unexpectedly.
The convicts, therefore, cannot be made to suffer on account of the above act/omission. We have,
therefore, declined to grant leave in the above petitions as no purpose will be served by keeping the above
petitions or appeals arising there from pending in view of the above factual and legal position. Leave is
refused.

M.B.A./S‑1083/S Leave refused.

13 of 13 16/01/2019, 2:44 PM