12/6/2019 OneNote

Terms
Monday, 25 June 2018 12:32

Values - individual principles or qualities that guide judgement and behaviour.

2nd ARC - sense of right and wrong;
Morals - values about right and wrong;
Ethics - Set of standards that society places on itself and which helps guide behaviour, choices and
actions; 2nd ARC -  set of standards that help guide conduct. 
Vs morals: Ethics refer to rules provided by external source, e.g. principles in religion. Morals refer to
individual's own principle regarding right and wrong
Ethical theories - moral foundations that help come up with consistent answers about right and wrong
conduct

Code of ethics -  covers broad guiding principles of good behaviour and governance. 
Code of conduct - stipulates a list of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour in precise and
unambiguous manner.

Honesty - when you speak the truth and act truthfully; not deceptive or fraudulent. an honest person
doesn't do things that are morally wrong.
Integrity -  quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; "it is doing the right thing even
when no one is watching."
Impartiality - treatment of different views or opinions equally and fairly.
Non-partisanship - not being specifically affiliated to any group, party or cause. Can be called political
neutrality.
Non-partisanship usually means not taking sides with any group/cause while impartiality is non-
discrimination and proportionality.
Objectivity - judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal
prejudices
Empathy - the ability to understand and share the feelings of another; to perceive and to respond in
appropriate manner;
Tolerance - willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you
might not agree with or approve of them
Compassion - feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune,
accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering.

Sympathy - feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.

Legality - Lawfulness by virtue of conformity to a legal statute
Rationality - based on logic; state of having good sense and sound judgment
Stability - quality of being firm and steadfast

Attitude: Carl Jung's definition, "readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way"
Motivation - is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation is also one's direction to
behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior.

Aptitude - innate or acquired capacity for something;

Responsibility - being responsible for one's conduct;
Accountability - means holding a person answerable to his/her acts;
Virtue - A particular moral excellence
Work Commitment - sum total of attitudes, beliefs, norms, traditions, values towards work in an
organisation.
Fortitude - Strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage
Courage of conviction - to act in accordance with one's beliefs, especially in spite of criticism
Excellence - possessing good qualities in high degree

Probity - having strong moral principles; uprightness of character or action.

Diligence - Persevering determination to perform a task; meticulousness and attentiveness while
performing the job
Responsiveness - responding with emotion to people and events
Resilience - recovering readily from adversity, depression, or the like
Rule of Law - "a government of laws, not of men" "be you ever so high, the law is above you"
Utilitarian - believes that the value of a thing depends on its utility
National Interest - country's goals and ambitions whether economic, military or cultural.
Justice - quality of being just or fair
Transparency - means provision of access of government information to public;
Selflessness - quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Openness - attitude of ready accessibility (especially about one's actions or purposes)
Righteousness - Adhering to moral principles
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Dedication - act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action
Solidarity - union of interests, purposes or sympathies among members of a group
Benevolence - showing kindness and good will
Non-discrimination - fairness in treating people without prejudice
Neutrality - absence of bias
Equity - treatment of different views or opinions equally and fairly
Equality - quality of being the same in value, status, rights and opportunities
Prudence - acting with or showing care and thought for the future
Wisdom - the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment; accumulated knowledge
Discipline - Training to improve strength or self-control
Effectiveness - being able to bring about an effect
Lawfulness - quality of conforming to law
Loyalty - showing firm and constant support or allegiance to a person or institution
Temperance - trait of avoiding excesses
Humility -disposition to be humble; a lack of false pride
Golden Rule - "We should do to others what we would want others to do to us"
Practicality - Concerned with actual use rather than theoretical possibilities
Work Ethos - moral ideas and attitude that belongs to a group/organization/department
Work Culture - customs, practices, beliefs, ideas, values, norms associated with work-related activities
Impersonality in action - having no personal preference or bias

Persuasion - instrument for attitude change

Emotion - strong feeling deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others,
distinguished from reason
Intelligence - ability to think, act, reason in a logical manner
Emotional Intelligence - being intelligent about emotion (perceive, evaluate, regulate, manage, control,
use)
Altruism - quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Egoism - theory that the pursuit of your own welfare is the basis of morality
Dehumanize - make mechanical or routine (related to rule of law)
Courage - quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear
Politics - social science that deals with polity or the nation state

Rule of law - restriction of arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and

established laws.

Stereotype - is an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people. Stereotypes are

generalized because one assumes that the stereotype is true for each individual
person in the category
Prejudice preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Discrimination unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the
grounds of race, age, or sex.

Human Action - 3 parameters

• Deliberate
• Voluntary
• Freely done

Family-inculcated values
• Mom - Love, care, compassion, service, tolerance, self-sacrifice
• Rest - truth, non-violence, discipline, cooperation, right conduct, right behavior, service,
responsibility

Natural Law features

• rooted in nature
• perceived by reason; by perceiving human nature (ex. homosexuality)
• permanent, universal, binding, equal

Positive Law - created by state

Parameters to be considered
• nature of entity creating
• nature of process used
• nature of law

Conscience - person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's behaviour;
kinds of conscience:
• True
• Certain

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• Probable
• Doubtful
Intuition - act of mind, perceiving without reason, based on instincts

Whistleblowing - 
A whistle blower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal,
dishonest, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public

Audit - methodical examination or review of a condition or situation

Social Audit
• participation of citizens
• participation in assessing and evaluating achievements of aims and objectives
• particularly related in activities associated with development
• involves understanding, assessing, reporting and improving (UARI)
2 aims:
1. understand from perspective of people
2. improvement and making the activity pro-people (citizen-centric)
Suggestions:
• improve Gram Sabha
• provision assistance
• statutory framework
• monitoring mechanism and grievance redressal
• Strengthen NGO

Role of Media (4EOFEMWC)

• 4th pillar of democracy
• educate public opinion
• organize public opinion
• facilitate people's participation
• expose corruption
• monitor as watchdog
• Whistle blower
• Campaigner or crusader

Political Attitudes:
• Extroversion
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness
• Emotional Stability
• Openness to experience

Principles of Social Influence:

• Reciprocity
• Consistency
• Authority
• Scarcity
• Liking
• Social Proofs

Values commonly associated with public service

• Honesty and Integrity
• Impartiality - treatment of different views or opinions equally and fairly
• Respect for law
• Respect for person
• Economy and effectiveness
• Responsiveness - responding with emotion to people and events
• Accountability

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