Chapter - 1: Name - 409 Marine Engineering

NAME -409 MARINE ENGINEERING
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
Learning objectives: In this chapter the trainee shall learn about

 Definition of pump
 Uses of pump
 Types & classification of pump.
 Various terms used in pump.
1. Introduction. Pumps form an important part of any engineering system.

Pumps serve as a means of transporting fluids. They convert mechanical energy into
potential, kinetic and thermal energy of the fluid. This mechanical energy may be obtained
from an electrical motor.
2. Water, by far, is the most common fluid handled by pump and serves as a "standard"
fluid for determining pump performance.
3. Pump. Pump is a mechanical device used to increase the pressure energy of

liquid.
4. Uses Of Pumps. Pumps are widely used on board ships for the following
purposes:-
(a) Domestic fresh water supply to Bathrooms, Wash basins, Galley etc.
(b) Fire main/sanitary supply of sea water.
(c) Machinery cooling by sea water/fresh water.
(d) Embarking/Disembarking of POL.
(e) Transfer of POL within the ship.
(f) Pumping out bilges and flooded compartments.
(g) Supply of fluid for operation of Steering Gear, Stabilizers and Hydraulic
machinery.
(h) Circulation of brine in Air Conditioning Plants.
5. Types of Pumps
(a) Positive Displacement Pump. In these pumps one or more chambers

are alternately filled and emptied. The liquid is displaced from the suction side to
the discharge side by mechanical variation of the volumes of the chambers.
These include reciprocating pumps, screw pumps and gear pumps etc. These pumps
do not require to be primed and therefore can be conveniently used as priming pumps.
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(b) Dynamic Pressure Pump. In this type of pump energy is continuously

added to the fluid within the pump. This results in increased fluid velocities. At a later
stage, this velocity may be reduced to increase the pressure of the fluid.
6. Classification. Pumps are normally classified on the basis of the following:

(a) Design features.
(b) The principle by which the energy is added to the fluid.
7. All pumps can be grouped under the following heads:

(a) Positive Displacement pumps
(b) Dynamic Pressure pumps
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PUMPS
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP DYNAMIC PRESSURE PUMP
RECIPROCATING PP. SEMI ROTARY PP. ROTARY PP.
PISTON PP. PLUNGER PP. BUCKET PP. SINGLE DOUBLE CONSTANT VARIABLE
ACTING ACTING DELIVERY PP. DELIVERY PP.
SINGLE DOUBLE SINGLE DOUBLE
ACTING ACTING ACTING ACTING
GEAR PP. SCREW PP. VANE PP. LOBE PP. HELESHAW PP. VSG PP
INTERNAL EXTERNAL SINGLE MULTI FIX VARIABLE INTERNAL EXTERNAL

GEAR GEAR SCREW SCREW VANE VANE LOBE LOBE
CENTRIFUGAL PP. AXIAL FLOW PP.
VOLUTE VORTEX DIFFUSER
(Fig.01 – 01) CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
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8. Hydraulics. It is the science which deals with of liquids especially water and the
forces acting on the liquid whether it is in a state of rest or in motion these are divided into
two divisions.
(a) Hydrostatic
Branch of hydraulics dealing with the pressure and equilibrium of water and
the fluids at rest.
(b) Hydrodynamic
Branch of hydraulics which treats of liquids, especially water, and the forces
acting upon it, causing it to be in a state of motion.
9. Lift. It is the height to which unbalanced atmospheric pressure forces or lifts water
above the elevation of the source or supply with respect to pumps, it is the height measured
from the elevation of the source of supply to the center of the inlet opening of the pump.
These are of three types.
(a) Static Lift (b) DynamicLift (c) NegativeLift
(Fig.01-02)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF LIFT
(a) Static Lift. The height to which atmospheric pressure causes a column of
water to rise above the source of supply to maintain equilibrium. The pressure of the
atmosphere can be made available for lifting water from the source of supply to an
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elevated pump by removing air at the inlet of the pump. The static lift in pump is
34.042 ft.
(b) Dynamic Lift.The equivalent or virtual lift of water in motion, which

represents the resultant pressure necessary to lift the water from a given point to a
given height and to over-come all frictional resistance. The actual practical lift in
pump operation is 20 to 25 ft.
(c) Negative Lift. The term negative lift is applied when the level of water supply
is higher than the pump inlet. Or it is the vertical distance from the water supply level
to the pump inlet at a lower level. This is some times called `Suction Head’; Negative
lift assists the pumping operation, because it exerts a pressure on the piston, which
opposes the pressure on the other side of the piston due to the head.
(Fig.01-03)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF NEGATIVE LIFT
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10. Head. It is the height from a given point of column or body of water, considered as
causing pressure due to its weight. These are of two types.
(a) Static Head
(b) Dynamic Head
(Fig.01–04)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF HEAD
(a) Static Head. The height from a given point of a column or body of water at
rest considered as causing pressure due to its weights. The pressure of water per foot
of static head is 0.43302 LBS/ in2 for 62F water temperature.
(b) Dynamic Head. The equivalent or visual head of water in motion which
represent the resultant pressure due to the height of the water from a given point and
the resistance to flow due to friction.
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Common Terms and Definition
There are some standard terms which are the accepted nomenclature of the pump
industry. There are number of elements which must be considered no matter what class and
type of pump is there. These elements include head, capacity, nature of liquid handled, piping
and drives etc. in general these factors are applied equally well to centrifugal, reciprocating or
rotary pumps. For example the head on a pump will not be altered by any class of the unit.
Definitions given here are those which are used by the pump engineers and manufacturers.
The definitions used here are based on present day practice.
11. Capacity. It is the quantity of water (volume of water) or other liquid per unit time
delivered by the pump. It is usually expressed in litres per second and cubic meters per
second.
12. Priming. During initial starting of a pump or starting after a prolonged shut
down the air from the pump casing is to be bled out, to prevent air lock and to ensure that the
right amount of liquid flows into the pump suction side. Reduced flow into the suction side
of the centrifugal pump can lead to overheating/damage to the pump besides leading to
lack of discharge.
Priming of a pump is achieved by running the pump with the purging cock open and
allowing the liquid to flow in. The incoming liquid pushes the air out from the casing to the
atmosphere. In the pump discharge line, a bypass line with check valve is provided to supply
available water into the pump casing for priming.
Priming Methods: Priming may be divided into three classes of installation.
a) Liquid is admitted to the suction pipe until the pipe is full of liquid and air is
expelled out.
b) Air is sucked with the help of vacuum pump.
c) The pump is self priming which recirculates the liquid in the pump and
exhausts the air. Some special devices are also fitted in the suction line.
13. Self Priming Pumps. Centrifugal pumps are not self priming pumps and so
when operated on a suction lift, these must be primed.
Some of the pumps are provided with liquid reservoirs in the suction and discharge
lines. The liquid is circulated from the discharge side to the suction side of the pump during
priming. Automatic valves/hydraulic action stops the circulation after the pump primes.
14. Throttling of Pump Discharge. With a medium or high head centrifugal pump,
it is best to start the pump with the discharge valve closed. In such a case, the pump requires
less power input when primed. When operating at full speed the discharge valve is gradually
opened. This process is termed as throttling.
15. Cavitation. Cavitations may be broadly defined as the formation of bubbles, filled
with vapours within the body of a moving liquid. It has been observed that the vapour
cavities begin to appear whenever the pressure at any point in the flow falls to the vapour
pressure of the liquid at that temperature. These bubbles, which are formed on account of low
pressure, are carried by the stream to the zones of high pressure. In these zones, the vapours
condense and the bubbles collapse. As a result of this, some noise occurs and vibrations are
produced. A cavitations affects a hydraulic machine in the following three ways:-
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(a) Irregular collapses of cavities cause noise and vibration of various parts.
(b) As a result of pitting, there is a loss of material, which makes the surfaces
rough.
(c) As a result of cavities, there is always a reduction in the discharge. The
reduction in discharge causes sudden drop in the efficiency.
.
16. Slip of the pump. In the last article, we have obtained the relation for the
discharge of a single acting and double acting reciprocating pumps. But in practice, the
actual discharge is less than the theoretical discharge. The difference between theoretical
discharge and actual discharge is known as slip of the pump.
17. Negative Slip of the Pump. Sometimes, the actual discharge of a reciprocating
pump, is more that the theoretical discharge. In such cases, the coefficient of discharge will
be more than unity, and the corresponding slip is known as negative slip of the pump.
This happens, when the suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and pump is
running at high speeds. This causes the delivery valve to open before completion of the
suction stroke and some water is pushed into the delivery pipe, before the piston commences
its delivery stoke.
18. Net positive suction head. It may be defined as the net head in meters of liquid is
required to make the liquid flow through the suction pipe from the sump to the impeller. It is
equal to the barometric head minus the sum of static suction head, vapour pressure head,
friction head and the velocity head in the suction pipe.
NPSH= Patm /r – ( Pr / r + Hs + Hfs + Vs2 / 2g )
19. Volumetric Efficiency. Volumetric efficiency (VE) is the ratio of the discharge
volume to the suction volume, expressed as a percentage plus slip.
20. Efficiency. Efficiency of the pump is the ratio of the power delivered by the pump
to the power supplied to the pump shaft and is expressed in percentage.
21. Driver Input. The driver input is the input to the driver expressed in horse power
(kilowatts). Usually it is electric input in horse power or kilowatts.
22. Pump Input. Pump input is the power delivered to the pump shaft and is designated
as BHP (Brake Horse Power).
23 Friction Head. This is the equivalent head needed to overcome the resistance of the
pipe, valves and fitting in the pumping system. Friction head exists on both suction and
discharge sides of a pump and varies with flow rate, type of fluid and the condition of pipe
fitting.
24. Suction Lift. Numerically this is the sum of the static suction lift, the suction friction
head and the entrance loss in the suction pipe.
25. Suction Head. Though the suction lift is a negative suction head, the usual practice
is to use the term lift for a negative suction head when the pump takes its suction from open
tank having the liquid exposed to the atmosphere. It is the static suction head minus the
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suction friction head and the suction piping entrance loss, plus any pressure in the suction
line.
26. Discharge Head. It is the sum of static discharge head and the head necessary to
overcome the friction in the discharge line and velocity head. Some engineers call it as
Dynamic discharge head.
27. Total Head. Total head consists of the sum of the suction lift and the discharge
head.
(a) Heads. The height of the column of liquid producing the pressure is known as
head on the surface. It is the weight of the liquid acting on the surface that produces
the pressure. Hence head and pressure are interchangeable terms, provided these are
expressed in their correct terms.
28. Total Static Head. It is the vertical distance from the surface of the supply source
to the discharge level of the liquid.
29. Vapour Pressure. Every liquid at any temperature above its freezing point exerts
a pressure due to vapour formation at its free surface. This pressure is called vapour pressure
of the liquid. Higher is the temperature, higher the vapour pressure.
30. Static Suction Lift. It is the vertical distance between the liquid supply level and
the pump centre line. It exists when the supply is located above the centre line of the pump.
30. Static Discharge Head. It is the vertical distance from the pump centre line to
the point of delivery of the liquid in the discharge well.
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Define pump?
2. What are the uses and types of pumps?
3. Define hydrostatics and hydrodynamics?
4. Differentiate between lift and head?
5. What is cavitations ?
Sources of information
BR3003(2), PP Servicing & maintenance. (by KN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

Centrifugal pumps application-design-use. (Johnson-pump).
Hydraulic machines (by-R.K.Bansal)
Hydraulic machines (by-R.S.Khurmi)
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CHAPTER – 2
RECIPROCATING PUMP

 Various types of reciprocating pump
 Operation
 Difference between piston and plunger.
 Difference between Reciprocating & Centrifugal pump.
1. Lift Pump. A lift pump is a single acting pump with open cylinder and discharge
valve in the piston. The special type discharge valve is known as the bucket valve. The
combination of open cylinder and bucket valve makes it a lift pump in operation it lifts water
and does not force it.
(Fig. 02-01)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF LIFT PUMP
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Operation. When the pump is out of use for a long period, some of the water passes
down below the piston so that there is nothing but air left in the cylinder. In the starting first
down stroke an attempt is made to get rid of the air in the cylinder creating a vacuum will be
on the up stroke due to the atmospheric pressure available. The water will be forced past the
inlet valve in the pump.
If the pump is primed the cycle is completed in two strokes. (I.e. a down stroke and up
stroke which are also known as transfer stroke and discharge stroke respectively).
2. Single Acting Force/ Piston Pump. This pump is an extension of the lift pump in
which it both lifts and forces the water against more or less external pressure.
By definition a force pump is employed to force water above the range of atmospheric
pressure. In this pump the water is forced out by a piston or plunger working against a
pressure corresponding to the head or elevation above the inlet valve to which the water is
pumped.
(Fig. 02-02)
SINGLE ACTING RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP
Operation. During the upward stroke, the vacuum created in the cylinder causes the
available atmospheric pressure to force the water into the cylinder. This event makes the
inlet valve to open and the discharge valve to close.
During the downward stroke the plunger displaces, i.e. forces to open the discharge
valve and the water goes out of the cylinder against the pressure due to dynamic head.
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3. Plunger Pump. Its operation is identical to that of a single action piston pump.
They differ in construction in that plunger pump have plunger and plunger rods of about the
same diameter. their more robust construction makes them suitable for high pressure usage.
They are also available with more than one plunger.
(Fig. 02-03)
PLUNGER PUMP
Application. In all circumstances where small quantities of liquid are to be pumped

by means of high pressure, such as boiler feed and high pressure equipment.
4. Difference between Piston & Plunger.

(a) Piston is shorter than its stroke, whereas a plunger is longer than its stroke.
(b) A piston must have packing inlaid on its rim to provide a tight joint and with a
plunger the packing is provided in a stuffing box at the end of the cylinder.
(c) Piston is used in case of larger pumps with larger bore sizes, and high
capacities whereas plunger is used in the case of small bore high pressure pump.
(d) Piston is mounted on a piston rod whereas plunger is a rigid entity
reciprocated by cam motion.
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(Fig. 02-04)
DOUBLE ACTING RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What is the working principle of lift pump?

2. What is the working principle plunger pump?
3. What is the working principle piston pump?
4. Differentiate plunger and piston?
Sources of information.
BR3003(2), PP Servicing&maintenance. (byKN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

CHAPTER –3
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ROTARY PUMP

 Semi- rotary hand pump.
 Gear pump.
 Screw pump.
 Lobe pump.
 Vane pump.
 Variable delivery pumps.
Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps in which the main pumping action is
caused by relative movement between the rotating and stationary elements of the pump. It is
the characteristic of rotary pumps that the amount of liquid displaced by each revolution is
independent of speed. Rotary pumps generally do not have inlet and outlet valves like
reciprocating pumps.
Rotary pumps are useful in handling liquids and fluids. Fluid is the general term
which includes liquids, gases, vapours and mixtures. Liquid is a specific term which is
limited to true liquids which are relatively in-compressible and free of gases.
Originally rotary pumps were considered as viscous liquid pumps with a special
suitability for handling oils. Although the vane pump and lobe rotor pump have been used as
gas compressors and exhausters. For many industrial plants and power stations, oil, water and
other liquids must be handled under operating conditions for which neither centrifugal pumps
nor reciprocation pumps are suited. Rotary pumps have such construction features that make
these pumps suitable to many of the above applications. The flow from a reciprocating pump
is pulsating whereas the flow from the rotary pump is constant.
1. Pumping Action of Rotary Pumps. There are three actions for the pumping
sequence in all rotary positive displacement pumps. The pump element establish a seal
between the pump inlet and some of its volume. When the volume is not open to the inlet or
outlet ports, then the seal to the outlet port of the chamber is opened and the volume open to
the outlet is contracted by the action of moving and stationary elements of the pump. The
three conditions are:
(a) Closed-to-outlet open-to-inlet.
(b) Closed-to-outlet closed-to-inlet
(c) Open-to-inlet closed-to-inlet.
For a good pumping action the open-to-inlet the volume should work smoothly and
continuously with pump rotation.
In closed-to-inlet and outlet the volume should remain constant with pump rotation. In
open-to-outlet the volume should shrink smoothly and continuously with pump rotation. At
no time any fluid in the pumping chamber should be opened to both inlet and outlet ports,
simultaneously if the pump is a positive displacement pump.
2. Efficiency. Efficiency can be calculated by comparing input power with the

hydraulic output power achieved. For a constant viscosity there is an optimum design speed
at which the pump efficiency will be maximum. A rotary pump can therefore be used at
different speeds from its nominal design speed without suffering loss of efficiency.
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3. Effect of Viscosity: With increasing fluid viscosity the problem of efficiency can
become more acute. Efficiency will tend to increase with increasing viscosity. This effect can
be self-adjusting with certain types of rotary pumps as for any given horse power an increase
in fluid viscosity will increase the horse power required and automatically readjust the speed
to a lower operating point. Loss of capacity is directly proportional to speed reduction with
the pump requiring the same power input as the original rating. If capacity is to be
maintained, this can be done by increasing the power input.
4. Pressure limits: There is no upper limit to pressure developed other than the strength
of elements or casing. However, high pressure needs great attention to design and accuracy of
construction in order to avoid excessive slip and loss of efficiency. In many pumps which are
required to work against unlimited heads, a pressure relief valve may be built into the casing
to save against the abnormal high pressures.
5. Performance Flexibility: The flexibility of operation of a rotary pump is enhanced

by the fact that it is usually self-priming and can handle entrained and dissolved gases or air.
On the other hand rotary pumps are widely used for handling petroleum fluids.
It is a general characteristic of rotary pumps that these can pump in either direction
with equal efficiency simple by changing the direction of rotation.
6. Constant Delivery Rotary Pumps.
(a) Construction. This pump is the simplest in design, consisting of two

intermeshing gears of same diameter and form, mounted on separate spindles. One
gear shaft being driven whilst the other idler. This type is readily produced in a wide
variety of sizes, rage from minimum to large models with capacities upto 100
Gal/Min (450 lit/min) or more.
(b) Operation. Pumping action is produced by nature of the fact that during
rotation, as each pair of teeth unmeshed on the inlet side, the volume on that side is
increased by volume of two tooth spaces, providing a suction effect. Oil flowing into
the suction space is then trapped on each side by a tooth crest approaching the bore of
the housing and carried round to the delivery side by the pocket between adjacent
pairs of teeth. On the delivery side the oil is displaced from the delivery port under
pressure, as a tooth crest meshes with a trough reducing the volume
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INLET OUTLET
CASING
A B
GEAR
C
(Fig.03– 01)
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SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
Note: - Gear pump alignment is absolutely essential for successful operation. The
purpose of flexible coupling is to prevent the transmission of thrust from motor to
pump and also to compensate the slight change in alignment.
(c) Relief valve is set higher than the pump maximum discharge pressure but not
more than 10%.
Capacity of gear pump is normally expressed in terms of displacement per revolution.
d = 0.7854 (D2 - C2 ) - 1.3 (B2/N)
Where d =Displacement per revolution per unit D=Outside diameter of

gears B =Base circle diameter of gears C=Center distance
of gears
N = Number of teeth on each gear.
07. Internal Gear Pump.
OUTLET
D CASING
A
INTERNAL
INLET GEAR
CRESCENT
PLATE
B C
EXTERNAL
GEAR
(Fig.03–02)
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SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
Operation. In the internal gear type of rotary pump power is applied to the rotor
and transferred to the idler gear with which it meshes. As the teeth come out of mesh, an
increase in volume creates a partial vacuum. Liquid is forced into this space by atmospheric
pressure and remains between the teeth of the rotor and idler unit. The tooth meshes to force
the liquid from these spaces out of the pump. The internal gear type of rotary pump
possesses only two moving parts. The precision cut rotor and idler gear separate at the suction
port and mesh again at the discharge port. At position `A’ the rotor gear and idler gear form a
barrier between the portion. At position `B’ the idler withdraws from the rotor creating a
suction opening that is to be filled with liquid. At position `C’ the space between the rotor
and idler gear are completely filled. As the rotor and idler gear come together again at
position `D’ the liquid is forced outward through the discharge opening.
08. Screw Pump. Screw pumps have a versatile application in the handling of fluids
over a wide range of viscosity. Basically there are two main types.
(a) Single Screw Pumps. Which have spiral formed rotor, which rotates
eccentrically in an electrometric stator. This type is also named as Archimedean
screw pump. It is normally produced in large sizes. It is widely used as water raising
pump with the screws. The figure shows a single screw pump having a spiral rotor
turning eccentrically in an internal helix stator or liner. The rotor is of metal while the
helix is of hard or soft rubber.
Archimedean screw pump is widely used as a water raising pump with the
screw arranged at an angle of about 30° as shown in figure. this pump can also be
used for handling liquids containing solids in suspension with either vertical lift or
horizontal transport. The main disadvantage of Archimedean screw pump is the bulk
to achieve high capacities since rotational speeds are usually of the of 30-60 rpm only.
OUTLET INLET
/
SCREW ROTOR
CASING STATOR
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(Fig. 03-03)
SINGLE SCREW PUMP
(b) Multi Screw / Parallel Screw Pump. Where two or more rigid screws of
opposite pitch rotate with close clearances.
(c) Operation. Both types operate as positive displacement machines,

producing a virtually pulse free axial flow along the length of the body. The capacity
of single screw pump is generally limited to about 250 lts/min. (55 gal/min).
Although such pumps can if necessary be extended in length and normally operate at
relatively low speeds.
They have a particularly wide range of application for handling chemicals,
food stuffs and similar products and are well suited to handle shear sensitive fluids
and delicate semisolids. Rigid screw pumps employ two or sometimes, three axial
screw rotors meshing together with fine but positive clearance and timed by gears. To
balance end thrust each rotor commonly comprises two separate opposite hand screw
so that the complete unit has center feed and discharge from each end. Machines of
this type are usually larger than single screw pump.
INLET
SCREW
IDLER
OUTLET
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(Fig. 03-04)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF PARALLEL SCREW PUMP
SIDE ENTRY AND CENTER ENTRY
SCREW
IDLER
INLET
(Fig.03-05)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF PARALLEL SCREW PUMP
SIDE ENTRY AND CENTER ENTRY
(d) Operating Features.
(i) The screws do not touch each other, or the casing.

(ii) Flow is pulse free.
(iii) Whole pumping chamber is fully displaced leaving no pocket. Hence
there is no unswept volume.
(iv) As no drive is transmitted between the screws, fine pitches can be used
which permit high rotational speeds.
(e) Advantages.
(i) It has all the advantages of positive displacement pumps with pulse
free flow. It can be applied to fluids like kerosene, gasoline, gas oil or even
water which have no lubricating properties.
(ii) It is mostly suited for transfer duties and can handle various fluids of
different viscosities. Good examples are cargo pumps on multiproduct coastal
tankers. The pump also handles the stripping situation where large volumes of
air are easily displaced.
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(iii) It can handle different suction conditions.
09. Lobe Pump. The principle of action is exactly the same as for the gear pump already
described. The two elements are rotated, one being directly driven by the source of power,
the other through timing gears. As the elements rotate, liquid is caught between each lobe
and the wall of the pump chamber, and carried around from suction to discharge. As each
volume of liquid leaves the intake chamber, the pressure there is lowered, and additional
liquid is forced up into the chamber from the source of supply. The lobes are so constructed
that there is a continuous seal at their point of juncture at the center of the pump chamber.
This pump is fitted with two three-lobed rotating members, sometimes incorrectly
called impellers. One of the rotating members is directly given by the source of power, while
the other member is driven by a timing gear which stands outside the pump chamber. As will
be noted in (Fig.03-06) the lobes are fitted with small vanes at their outer edges to improve
the sealing of the pump. Although these vanes are mechanically held in their slots, they are
to some extent free to move outwards. Centrifugal force keeps them snug against the wall of
the chamber and the other rotating member. Cycloid pumps are made in number of sizes,
designed to rotate at from 300 to 600 revolutions per minute and to deliver from 46 to 627
gallons per minute at pressure of 50 to 250 pounds per square inch, depending on the pump.
The Northern Cycloid pump is used to drain sediment from fuel oil tanks, and for similar
uses. It is not adapted to high pressure fuel oil service because large rotors give a heavy
bearing load on the driving motor.
(Fig.03-06)
EXTERNAL LOBE PUMP
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A – ASSEMBLED PUMP B – CASING

C – INTERNAL LOBE D – EXTERNAL LOBE
(Fig. 03-07)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF INTERNAL LOBE PUMP
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10. Variable Vane / Sliding Vane Pump
In vane pumps operation is based on the principle of increasing the size of the cavity
to form a vacuum, allowing the space to fill with fluid and then forcing out of the pump under
pressure by reducing the volume.
Sliding vane pumps are primarily high speed units for small to moderate capacities
handling non-viscous and low viscosity fluids. Larger machines of this type are also produced
for working as air or gas compressors. The simple sliding vane pump has vanes or blades
fitted into the slots in the rotor. The simple sliding vane pump has vanes or blades fitted into
the slots in the rotor. The slotted rotor is mounted in a circular casing. The figure shows the
parts of a rotary vane pump. The rigid blades fitted in the rotor slots are free to slide radially.
These are normally drawn outward under the centrifugal force. Ahead of the slots and in the
direction of rotation, grooves admit the liquid being pumped by the vanes, moving them
outwards with a centrifugal force or locking pressure which varies directly on the admission
side. The operating cycle and the alternate action of centrifugal force and pressure hold the
vanes in contact with the casing as shown in the figure. Sealing is provided by the vanes
rubbing along the inner surface of the casing. The inlet port is located at a point where
maximum pocket volume is available, with the result that the volume is further contracted
and the pocket contents squeezed out through the discharge opening.
CASING ROTOR
OUTLET INLET
VANES
(Fig.03.08)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OFVARIABLE VANE PUMP
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The number of blades depends on the viscosity of the fluid to be handled, while the
actual shape of the casing is so designed to provide uniform acceleration of the blades as well
as avoiding trapping. Generally large number of blades are used for handling gases and a
smaller number for low viscosity of liquids. For handling higher viscosity it is advisable to
reduce the number of blades also reduce the operating speed.
Main application of sliding vane pump is to be used as rotary compressors or
exhausters. These can also be used as low to moderate pressure pumps for handling non-
viscous fluids and oil fluids. For contaminated fluids these pumps are not suitable. Another
attraction is that a vane pump is light and compact and simple in construction.
11. Liquid ring pumps. The application of liquid ring pump is confined almost
exclusively to the pumping of gases & vapours either as vacuum pump or low pressure
compressors blowers.
The basic forms of a liquid ring pump consists of a multi bladed rigid impeller either
eccentrically mounted within a elliptical shape casing and both casings are partially filled
with water.
(Fig.03–09)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF LIQUID RING PUMP
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(a) Principle of action. In a cylindrical casing an eccentrically mounted pump

wheel rotates with straight or convex vanes. The pump casing partly filled with
liquid. The liquid rotates together with the pump wheel and forms a liquid ring of
constant thickness alongside the pump casing wall. Between pump casing wall, hub
of pump wheel and vanes some ‘air chambers’ are formed that, while rotating, first
grow larger and then grow smaller, see spaces 1 to 8. In space 1to 4 there will be a
negative gauge pressure, which cause air to be sucked on from Z. In space 5to 8 the
space get smaller and the air will be compressed, which makes it possible for the air
to be discharged to
.
(b) Operation. Before staring pump ensures that the sealing water in the
primer is at the correct level. Fresh water is used for topping up.
(c) Limitations of the Liquid Ring Pump.

(i) It is only suitable for pumping gases
(ii) It has a low overall efficiency
(ii) It has a limitation in speed, below which the liquid ring will collapse
and the pump will no longer operate.
12. Acquire Pump (Air Pump)

The air pump or water ring primer consists of an elliptical casing
which contains a vane rotor and has a covering plate with ports cut in it. The casing
partly filled with water. The rotor is coupled to the electric motor so that when the
pump is running the water spins. With the rotor and bearing thrown outwards, it takes
up an elliptical shape. The tips of the vanes are sealed by the water and the volume
between them varies during the rotation. Beneath the suction ports, the volume
increases so that air is drawn from the float chamber. Under the discharge ports, the
volume decreases forcing air out. Cooling water is necessary to prevent overheating
of the sealing water from the action of the vanes in the liquid. Interruption to the
coolant supply results in vapour form the sealing water destroying the vacuum effect,
so that air is no longer pumped.
Operation: - Before starting pump ensure that the sealing water in the primer
is at the correct level. Fresh water is used for topping up.
13. Heleshaw pump (Variable delivery pump)
(a) Construction. This pump consists of a case which is attached with two
covers, the shaft cover and the tube cover. The tube cover carries the tube (central
vane) which has ports forming the connections between the cylinder block and
branch. The cylinder block is driven by shaft and revolves on the tube being
supported at either end by ball bearing.
The pistons are fitted in a row of radial cylinders and through the outer
end of the piston is a gudgeon pin which attaches the slippers to the piston. The
slippers are free to oscillate on their gudgeon pins and fit into tracks in the circular
CDR MOHIUDDIN
floating ring. This ring is free to rotate, being maintained on ball bearings which are
housed in guide blocks. The latter bear on tracks formed on the covers and are
controlled in their movements by spindles which pass through pump case. The
maximum pump stroke is fixed by the guide block ends coming in contact with the
casing.
(b) Operation. The constant speed heleshaw pump has its output controlled by a
simple push/pull rod attached to guide rings in the pump. Without stopping or starting
the pump the output can be varied from zero to full in either direction.
The pump consists of a bronze cylinder body with seven or nine radial
cylinders, which is rotated at constant speed in one direction. The radial cylinder
block rotates on a fixed steel central piece having two parts opposite to one another
and inline with the bottom of the rotating cylinders. In each cylinder there is oil
hardened steel piston having a gudgeon pin with bronze slippers on the ends. The
slippers revolve with the cylinder block in grooves machined in a pair of floating
rings. These are the rings which are moved horizontally by the control rod.
Movement of the floating rings from the mid position displaces the circular
path of the pistons from that of the cylinder block and produces a pumping action.
When the rod is in mid position and the centers of the rotation of pistons and block
coincide there is no pumping action.
(Fig. 03-10) Heleshaw Pump
A. Casing
B. Shaft Cover
C. Pipe connection Cover
D. Tube or Central Valve
E. Suction or Discharge Connection
F. Suction or Discharge Connection
G. Suction or Discharge Port
H. Suction or Discharge Port
J. Cylinder body
K. Shaft
L. Piston
M. Gudgeon pin
N. Slippers
O. Floating ring
P. Ball bearing
R. Guide Block
S. Spindle
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T. Ball bearing
(Fig.03-10)
HELESHAW PUMP
CDR MOHIUDDIN
14. (VSG) Variable Delivery Pump. The VSG pump has a cylinder block with axial
cylinders. Piston stroke and oil flow is varied by angular movement of the swash plate.
This unit comprises a casing in which a combined cylinder blocks and drive shaft is
mounted between two journal bearings. The nine cylinders of the block contain axial pistons
with each having a swiveling slipper held positively by a spring loaded retaining ring against
an inclined swash plate. The swash plate angle is adjustable and is supported between two
needle roller bearings with a control shaft extending through the side of the casing.
At the other side of the cylinder block, from the swash plate. The cylinder bears
against a port plate which has two radially displaced slots connecting the inlet and outlet
ports with the cylinder through holes in the cylinder block.
With the swash plate vertical, the piston turns with the cylinder block without
reciprocating in their bores. When the plate is set at angle, the pistons are caused to pump the
amount increasing with the swash plate angle.
(Fig.03-11)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF VSG PUMP
CDR MOHIUDDIN
15. Semi Rotary Pump. The semi rotary or wing pump as it is commonly called is a
standard form of hand pump for water services and similar duties.
(Fig.03–12)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF SEMI ROTARY HAND PUMP
(a) Construction. The casing is circular and encloses a wing cast integral with
or without mounted on the pump spindle. Each side of the wing is fitted with a simple
flap valve. The bottom of the casing forms V- shaped chamber or suction box, each
side of which is fitted with a flap valve.
(b) Operation. The wing is given an oscillatory movement via the handle.
Movement in one direction produces a depression in one chamber sucking in fluid via
the suction box and flap valve on that side and compression in the other chamber to
pass fluid already in the pump into the upper part of the casing via the flap valve in
the wing. Movement in the opposite direction reproduces the operation in reverse,
and at the same time forces liquid in the pump chamber up through the outlet. The
pump is thus double acting.
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What is the working principle of semi rotary hand pump?

2. Explain the working principle of screw and lobe with a neat sketch?
3. Explain the working principle of gear pump and vane pump with a neat sketch?
4. With a neat sketch explain the working principle of Heleshaw and VSG pump?
BR3003(2), PP Servicing&maintenance. (byKN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

CDR MOHIUDDIN
CHAPTER – 4
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

 Centrifugal pump.
 Construction of centrifugal pumps and its parts.
 Principle of operation.
 Classification of centrifugal pump.
1. Centrifugal Pump. In the centrifugal pump the liquid enters the pump at the center
through the eye and is given rotary motion in the pump chamber by the rotation of number
blades (the impeller). The rotation of the impeller in a true centrifugal pump does two things
to the liquid. Centrifugal force drives the liquid directly outwards from the center, setting up
a greater pressure at the outer edge of chamber than the eye. At the same time the liquid is
also pushed around and around in the pump by the turning of the blades, and is given more
and more velocity as its moves further out of the eye. The liquid finally escapes in the
discharge. By gradually widening the discharge pipe and thereby reducing the velocity of the
liquid, most of the velocity head produced by centrifugal pump is transformed into pressure
head. In this form it is more available for doing work.
The impeller blades of most centrifugal pumps are curved. The nature of the curve
and the dimension of the pump chamber and the discharge pipe being determined by the kind
of flow desired. It should be noted that the direction of rotation of the impeller is counter
clockwise, so that the liquid is pushed around the chamber by the blades, rather than being
carried in them. Centrifugal pumps are almost universally used in the water cooling services.
2. Classification of Centrifugal Pump. Considering the basic designs of centrifugal

pump corresponding to various principles of operations this may classified as:-
(a) With respect to the shape of the casing:-
(i) Volute Type
(ii) Diffuser Type
(iii) Vortex Type
(b) With respect to the shape of the vanes
(i) Straight vane
(ii) Curved vane
(c) With respect to the number of vanes
(i) Single vane
(ii) Multi vane
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(d) With respect to guide housing of vanes

(i) Open
(ii) Semi Open
(iii) Closed
(e) With respect to intake
(i) Single admission
(ii) Double admission
(f) With respect to flow design of vanes
(i) Mixed Flow
(ii) Axial Flow
(g) With respect to stage operation
(i) Single Stage
(ii) Multi Stage
3. Basic Law of Inertia. A body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion
tends to continue in motion with the same velocity and in a same direction.
4. Centrifugal Force. Is that force which acts upon a body moving in a circular path
tending to force it further from the axis or center of the circle described by the body. From
the above statement the centrifugal pump may be defined as one in which vanes or impellers
rotate inside a close fitted casing, drain in the liquid at the center and by virtue of centrifugal
force throw out the liquid through on opening at the periphery of the casing.
Among different types of pumps, centrifugal pumps are the most widely used
onboard. The main advantages of centrifugal pump over the other pumps are:-
(a) Light weight
(b) Cheap cost
(c) Steady flow without pressure surges
(d) Flexibility in operation
(e) Delivery can be controlled either by speed variation or throttling.
(f) Less maintenance.

(g) Less weight compare to output ratio.
5. Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump.

(a) Casing
(b) Shaft
(c) Impeller
(d) Bearing and bearing housing
(e) Wearing Ring / Sealing ring
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(f) Shaft protecting Sleeve

(g) Stuffing box.
(h) Diffuser
6. Types of casings for impeller of a centrifugal pump. The Centrifugal pump

consists of an impeller, similar to that of a turbine. To which curved vanes are fitted. The
impeller is a enclosed in a water tight casing, having a delivery pipe in one of its sides. The
casing for a centrifugal pump is so designed that the kinetic energy of the water is converted
into pressure energy before the water leaves the casing. This considerably increases the
efficiency of the pump. Following are the three types of casings or chambers of centrifugal
pumps.
(a) Volute casing (spiral casing) In a volute chamber, the impeller is

surrounded by a spiral casing as shown .such a casing provides a gradual increase in
the area of flow; which decreases the velocity of water ,with a corresponding increase
in pressure. A considerable loss takes place due to the formation of eddies in this type
of casing.
(b) Vortex casing. It is an improved type of a volute casing, in which the

spiral casing is combined with a circular chamber as shown. In a vortex casing, the
eddies are reduced to a considerable extent and an increased efficiency is obtained.
(c) Volute casing with guide blades. In this type of casing, there are guide
blades surrounding the impeller as shown. The guide blades are arranged at such an
angel, that the water enters without shock and forms a passage of increasing area,
through which the water passes and reaches the delivery pipe. The ring of the guide
blades is called diffuser and is very efficient.
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VOLUTE CHAMBER
GUIDE BLADE
(Fig.04-01)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CASING
CDR MOHIUDDIN
7. Impellers. The most important task of impeller is to give the liquid sufficient
kinetic energy, so that it can be displays the shape of impeller has always to be adopted to the
composition of liquid, the demand volume rate of flow and the head at a certain speed.
SHROUD PLATE
CLOSED IMPELLER SEMI OPEN / SEMI CLOSE IMPELLER
VANE
BOSS
OPEN IMPELLER
(Fig04-02)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF IMPELLERS
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(a) Closed Impeller. The impeller vanes are enclosed between two valves
(impeller shroud) and are fully integrated. The vanes as a rule are curved backward
with respect to the sense of rotation (so curved that its convex side, with respect to the
sense of rotation, is the front side). Closed impeller can be used to displace clean and
barely polluted liquid.
(b) Semi Closed Impeller. This type of impeller does not have a shroud at
inlet side. The vanes usually rotate with a small clearance along the pump casing wall,
which sometimes is provided with a wearing plate on that location. Compare to close
impeller semi closed impeller have slight lower efficiency. To displace slightly
polluted liquids, abrasive liquids, slurry etc.
(c) Open type Impeller. This type of impeller resembles a half open impeller
with entire back plate missing. There are usually fewer vanes and the vanes height is
often greater than that of closed impeller. Its efficiency is less than semi open
impeller. To displace highly polluted liquids. Maximum admissible dimension of
pollutants, i.e. the coarseness depend on vane height and number of vanes.
8. Bearing & Housing. Most pumps are fitted with ball bearing. It consist of a single
deep groove, ball bearing of ample size to with stand all axial and radial loads. The bearing
housing is cartridge type in order that the entire rotating element may be removed from the
pump with out disturbing the alignment.
9. Shaft Assembly. The shaft is accurately key seated at center end on the driven shaft
to receive the impeller, pin and rubber bushing flexible coupling. The shaft is protected
against corrosion or abrasion by bronze shaft sleeves which fits against the impeller hub. The
shaft sleeves are locked onto shaft by means of a heavy sleeve nut which is threaded to the
shaft outside the stuffing box. Metal is Monel alloy or stainless steel.
10. Impeller Wearing Ring. Removable casing and impeller rings built into pump
casing ring are cast iron and have streamline casing. They are held in place by a semi-
circular tongue into a groove in the lower half casing. Impeller rings are of hard bronze,
machine flat and pressed onto the impeller and locked with threaded key.
11. Stuffing Box. The assembly of gland and box is usually known as stuffing box. The
glands are made of hard bronze and are split. The two halves are held together by means of
borne clamps.
12. Shaft Sleeves. Provision of shaft sleeves is always made to protect the pump-shafts
from erosion, corrosion and scoring wear at stuffing box leakage joints, internal bearings and
water bays. In some low rated pump, it may not be provided at all. Shaft sleeves are nothing
but hollow metallic tubes larger than the diameter of portion of shaft to be protected. It is
made of materials harder than the shaft material and is corrosion resistant.
CDR MOHIUDDIN
13. Comparison of centrifugal and Reciprocating Pumps:-
S.No. Centrifugal pump Reciprocating pump

1. Simple in construction, because of less Complicated in construction, because of
number of parts. more number of parts.
2. Total weight of the pump is less for a Total weight of the pump is more for a given
given discharge. discharge.
3. Suitable for large discharge and smaller Suitable for less discharge and higher heads.
heads.
4. Requires less floor area and simple Requires more floor area and comparatively
foundation. heavy foundation.
5. Less wear and tear. More wear and tear.
6. Maintenance cost is less. Maintenance cost is high.
7. Can handle dirty water. Cannot handle dirty water.
8. Can run at higher speeds. Cannot run at higher speeds.
9. Its delivery is continuous. Its delivery is pulsating.
10. No air vessels are required. Air vessels are required.
11. Thrust on the crankshaft is uniform. Thrust on the crankshaft is not uniform.
12. Operation is quite simple. Much care is required in operation.
13. Needs priming. Does not need priming.
14. It has less efficiency. It has more efficiency.
14. Multistage Centrifugal Pump. The multistage centrifugal pump is essentially a

high-hand or high-pressure pump. It consists of two or more stages. Depending on the size
of head that it has to pump against. Each stage is essentially a separate pump, however, they
are located in the same housing and the impellers are attached to the same shaft. As many as
eight stages may be found in a single housing.
The initial or first stage receives the water directly from the source through the
admission pipe, builds up the pressure up to the correct single stage pressure, and passes it on
ward to the succeeding stage in each succeeding stage. The pressure is increased or built up
until the water is delivered from the final stage at the pressure and volume that the pump
designed to deliver.
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(Fig04-04)
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
CDR MOHIUDDIN
15. Parallel & Series Operation of Fire and Bilge/Hull and Fire Pump
(a) Pumps in Parallel. When two centrifugal pumps are to be put in parallel, on
the discharge end of each pump a valve must be fitted so that one or both the pumps
can be run and controlled satisfactorily. When one pump is running and we want to
start another pump and put it into service parallel to the one which is already running,
we have to bring the second pump at its full speed and pressure keeping its discharge
valve closed. Since pressure which is known as ‘shut off load’ developed by the pump
while the discharge valve is closed is higher than normal operating pressure, so the
pump will operate easily against the line pressure when its discharge valve is opened.
The capacity is twice of that for the single pump operating under the same head.
Doubling the flow increases the head losses four times in the pipe because the head
loss due to pipe friction increases approximately as the square of the liquid velocity in
the pipe.
When two pumps operate in parallel and discharge in the same line as shown
in figure, it is important that their motors should have the same speed, so that both the
pumps develop equal pressure. The check valves are being fitted in the discharge line
from each pump. This prevents building up back pressure. The back pressure makes
the function of the other pump unsatisfactory. The two pumps are operated in parallel
when the requirement of fluid increases beyond the capacity of one pump. This
arrangement permits either of the pumps being used for the smaller capacity, with the
other always available as a spare pump.
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(Fig.04-05)
PARALLEL OPERATION OF HULL & FIRE PUMP
(b) Pump in Series. When the discharge against the double head of one pump is
required the pumps are connected in series. Fig. 04-06 shows two pumps connected in series.
Efficiency of two pumps operating in series is practically the same as for one of the pumps.
Sometimes it is required to have both the functions from one installation. Suppose it is
required to have the installation for one capacity against a high or twice the capacity against
half head, then the installation is shown in fig. in the figure it is shown that for parallel
operation valve A is closed and valves B and C are opened. If it is to be operated in series
then valve A is opened and valves B and C are closed.
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(Fig. 04-06)
PARALLEL& SERIES OPERATION OF HULL & FIRE PUMP
16. Axial flow / Propeller type impeller pump. These pumps are classed with
centrifugal pumps, although centrifugal force plays no part in the pumping action. When sea
water has to pass through large condensers, axial flow pumps are used. It ensures sufficient
speed and adequate flow of water. The screw propeller creates an increase in pressure by
causing an axial acceleration of liquid within its blades. This is converted to straight axial
movement by suitably shaped outlet guide vanes. These pumps are used for drainage, sewage,
storm water disposal, irrigation and condenser water circulation. These pumps are marked
under the names as propeller, axial flow and straight flow.
CDR MOHIUDDIN
(a) The features of this pump are
(i) Under low head (2.5 to 6.2m), high throughput (2800 – 9500 m /hr)
conditions commonly required by main condensers, an axial flow pump with a
higher speed than an equally matched centrifugal pump can be used.
(ii) The electric motor for the pump can be of smaller size.
(iii) The pump will idle and offer little resistance, when flow is induced
through it by external means.
(iv) The pump is reversible.
(Fig. 04-07)
AXIAL FLOW PUMP
17. Mixed flow impeller. A mixed flow is that in which the head is developed
partly by centrifugal force and partly by the lift of vanes on the liquid. This pump always has
a single inlet impeller with the flow entering axially and discharging in an axial and radial
direction, usually into a volute casing. These pumps have a specific speed of 4000 to 9000
R.P.M.
An axial flow pump develops most of its head by propelling action of the vanes on the
liquid. It has a single-inlet impeller with the flow entering axially and discharging nearly
axially into a guide case. These pumps have a speed above 9000 R.P.M
This impeller shape is a transitional stage from a centrifugal impeller with radial
outflow to a screw impeller with axial flow. To achieve an increase of volume rate of flow
and a decrease of head an impeller shape will have to be chosen that gradually changes from
CDR MOHIUDDIN
closed radial flow, through mixed flow. These pumps are used for drainage, sewage, storm
water disposal, irrigation and condenser water circulation. These pumps are marked under the
names as propeller, axial flow, straight flow, mixed flow, and spiral type.
(Fig. 04-08)
MIX FLOW IMPELLER
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. What are the classifications of centrifugal pumps?

2. Explain the constructional & operational details of centrifugal pump with a neat
sketch?
3. What are the types of casings and impellers of centrifugal pump?
4. Differentiate centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump?
BR3003(2), PP Servicing & maintenance. (by KN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

Centrifugal pumps application-design-use. (Johnson - pump).
CDR MOHIUDDIN

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NAME -409 MARINE ENGINEERING

Learning objectives: In this chapter the trainee shall learn about

1. Introduction. Pumps form an important part of any engineering system.

3. Pump. Pump is a mechanical device used to increase the pressure energy of

(a) Positive Displacement Pump. In these pumps one or more chambers

(b) Dynamic Pressure Pump. In this type of pump energy is continuously

6. Classification. Pumps are normally classified on the basis of the following:

7. All pumps can be grouped under the following heads:

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP DYNAMIC PRESSURE PUMP

RECIPROCATING PP. SEMI ROTARY PP. ROTARY PP.

INTERNAL EXTERNAL SINGLE MULTI FIX VARIABLE INTERNAL EXTERNAL

CENTRIFUGAL PP. AXIAL FLOW PP.

VOLUTE VORTEX DIFFUSER

(Fig.01 – 01) CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

(b) Dynamic Lift.The equivalent or virtual lift of water in motion, which

Common Terms and Definition

Priming Methods: Priming may be divided into three classes of installation.

BR3003(2), PP Servicing & maintenance. (by KN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

Learning objectives: In this chapter the trainee shall learn about

Application. In all circumstances where small quantities of liquid are to be pumped

4. Difference between Piston & Plunger.

1. What is the working principle of lift pump?

BR3003(2), PP Servicing&maintenance. (byKN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

Learning objectives: In this chapter the trainee shall learn about

2. Efficiency. Efficiency can be calculated by comparing input power with the

5. Performance Flexibility: The flexibility of operation of a rotary pump is enhanced

6. Constant Delivery Rotary Pumps.

(a) Construction. This pump is the simplest in design, consisting of two

SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

Where d =Displacement per revolution per unit D=Outside diameter of

07. Internal Gear Pump.

SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

(c) Operation. Both types operate as positive displacement machines,

(d) Operating Features.

(i) The screws do not touch each other, or the casing.

(iii) It can handle different suction conditions.

A – ASSEMBLED PUMP B – CASING

10. Variable Vane / Sliding Vane Pump

(a) Principle of action. In a cylindrical casing an eccentrically mounted pump

(c) Limitations of the Liquid Ring Pump.

12. Acquire Pump (Air Pump)

13. Heleshaw pump (Variable delivery pump)

(Fig. 03-10) Heleshaw Pump

1. What is the working principle of semi rotary hand pump?

BR3003(2), PP Servicing&maintenance. (byKN Gupta& JP Kaushish)

Learning objectives: In this chapter the trainee shall learn about

2. Classification of Centrifugal Pump. Considering the basic designs of centrifugal

(d) With respect to guide housing of vanes

(f) Less maintenance.

5. Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump.

(f) Shaft protecting Sleeve

6. Types of casings for impeller of a centrifugal pump. The Centrifugal pump

(a) Volute casing (spiral casing) In a volute chamber, the impeller is

(b) Vortex casing. It is an improved type of a volute casing, in which the

CLOSED IMPELLER SEMI OPEN / SEMI CLOSE IMPELLER

13. Comparison of centrifugal and Reciprocating Pumps:-

S.No. Centrifugal pump Reciprocating pump

5. Less wear and tear. More wear and tear.

6. Maintenance cost is less. Maintenance cost is high.

7. Can handle dirty water. Cannot handle dirty water.

8. Can run at higher speeds. Cannot run at higher speeds.

9. Its delivery is continuous. Its delivery is pulsating.

10. No air vessels are required. Air vessels are required.