3.

276  CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6 Compounds

Mercurous Chloride
Chemical Formula

HgCl
Category/Use

Anti-infective
Analysed by

Iodometric
Charactaristics

Used in Eczema
titration

InorganIc chemIstry Boric acid or Boracic acid,

(Acidum boricum, Hydro-
H3BO3 Anti-infective
and germicides
Titrimetric
method
4.5% used to wash the
eye as a bacteriostatic
gen borate) agent

Selenium Sulphide SeS2 Kwashiorkar and Oxidation Anti oxidant in

Anti dandruff reduction conjugation with
1. TOPICAL PREPARATION emollient influence on an inflamed area of the body.
agent titration Vitamin E
Astringent Emolient Iodine I2 Anti infective Oxidation 5% W/V (Aqueous iodine
Iodophore (Povidon-Iodine)- and local germi- reduction solution)-Lugol’s Solution
It is the substance that tends to shrink or constrict body Any preparation or substance that has a softening or Complex of I2 with carrier cidal titration Iodine Tincture (Weak
tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application soothing effect, especially when applied to the skin. organic molecule serving as iodine solution-2%)
and it also precipitates the protein. solubilizing agent Strong Iodine Solution-10%
Adsorbent
Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O Astringent and Gravimetric 0.6–2 gm dose
Demulcent Having capacity or tendency to adsorb or cause to emetics
It is a medicine or other preparation that has a soothing or accumulate on a surface.
Silicone Oil Chemically, it is Gastric protective – Simethicone (Activated
Dimethyl silyl ether and anti flatulent Dimethicone)
Compounds Chemical Formula Category/Use Analysed by Charactaristics
2. INORGANIC GASES
Zinc Oxide ZnO Astringent and Acidimetric ZnO Ointment –15%
protective back titra- Concentration Compounds Formula Category/Use Analysed by Characteristic
tion
Oxygen O2 Anti hypoxia and used Gasometric titration O2 stored in cylinder which are in
Calamine Chemically, it is Astringent and – Used as lotion and in artificial respiration green colored
ZnO with small protective ointment
amount of Ferric Carbon Dioxide CO2 Respiratory stimulants Gasometric titration CO2 stored in grey metallic cylinder
Oxide
Nitrous Oxide N2O Inhalational anasthetics Gasometric titration N2O stored in Blue metallic cyl-
Zinc Stearate {CH3 (CH3)16COO}Zn Astringent and Complexo- Used as a Dusting Powder and analgesic inder
Antimicrobial metric titra-
agents tion Helium (Noble He Carrier gas in gas chro- Gasometric titration –
Gas) matography cryogenic
Alum (Hydrated KAl(SO4)2.12H2O. Astringent Gravimetry Used in concentration
potassium aluminium Pharmaceutical or precipi- 0.5–5% Ammonia NH3 Respiratory stimulants Colorimetry –
sulfate-potassium alum) aid tation by
in stypic pencil ammonia
which stop the Dental Preparation ü Mouth Washes: Zinc sulphate, Zinc chloride, KMnO4,
bleeding from NaCl, NaHCO3
small cuts ü Cleaning Agent/Dentrifrices ü Cements and fillers: Gold and silver, ZnO
CaCO3 (Precipitated Chalk)-Dibasic Calcium Phos-
Titanium Dioxide TiO2 Protective and Complexo- – phate
Pharmaceutical metric titra- Name of Chemi- Analyzed by Category/
Ca3 (PO4)2– Tribasic Calcium Phosphate
aid tion Com- cal For- Use
Sodium metaphosphate pounds mula
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 Germicides Oxidation Stronium chloride (SrCl2.6H2O)
Deodorants reduction Pumice-It is a complex silicate of Al, P and Na Sodium NaF Complexomet- Anti caries
titration ü Polishing Agent: Compound having astringent Fluoride ric Titration agent
property can act as a polishing agent.
Potassium Permenganate KMnO4 Anti infective Oxidation 0.006–2% Stannous SnF2 – Prevent den-
ü Desensiting Agent: Strontium chloride and Zinc chloride Fluoride tal dentri-
and Antiseptic reduction
ü Oral Antiseptic/Astringent: H2O2, Sodium Perborate, frice
titration
Magnesium peroxide (MgO2)
 I NORGANIC C HEMISTRY  3.277 3.278  CHAPTER 6

3. GASTRO INTESTINE AGENTS Name of Compound Chemical Formula Assay Method Uses

Name of Compound Chemical Formula Assay Method Use Sodium Potassium KOOC (HO)HC.CH (OH)COONa Back titration Purgative
Tartrate (Rochelle Salt) with alkali
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel It is a mixture of Aluminium Oxide, Complexometric titration Antacid
Aluminium Hydroxide and small Heavy Magnesium Carbon- 3MgCO3.Mg (OH)2.4H20 Complexometric Antacid and Laxative
amount of basic carbonate ate Titration

CalcIum Carbonate (Synonym: CaCO3 Complexometric titration Non Systemic Heavy Magnesium Oxide MgO Complexometric Antacid and Laxative
Precipitated Chalk antacid (Heavy Magnesia) Titration

Calcium Phosphate Ca3 (PO4)2 Complexometric titration Antacid Light Magnesium Oxide MgO Complexometric Antacid and Laxative
(Light Magnesia) Titration
Light Magnesium Carbonate 3MgCO3, Mg (OH)2.3H2O Complexometric titration Anatacid and
Laxative Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3 Acid-Base titra- Antacid
(Baking Soda) tion
Milk of Magnesia (Synonym: Magnesium Hydroxide Back titration Antacid and
Cream of Magnesia) Laxative Sodium Phosphate Na2HPO4.12H2O – Saline laxatice
(Di Sodium Hydrogen
Phosphate)

4. PROTECTIVE AND ADSORBENTS Potassium Phosphatae K2HPO4 – Saline laxatice

Name of Inorganic Chemical Formula Use

Compound 6. ACID BASE AND BUFFERS
Bismuth Subcarbonate (BiO)2CO3 Astringent and adsorbent
Name of Compound Chemical Assay Method Uses
(Bismuth Carbonate)
Formula
Bismuth Subgallete (BiOH)2.C7H2O5 Astringent and adsorbent
Boric Acid (Boracic Acid) H3BO3 Titrimetric method Weak germicidal, local antiinfective
(Bismuth Oxygallete)
and eye and mouth wash
Light Kaolin Hydrated aluminium silicate Adsorbent to neutrilize toxins, gases, As a
Strong Ammonia Solution NH3 Acid-Base titration Stimulant, counter irritant
dignostic agent and in rheumatic arthriritis
(Liquor Ammonia Fortis)
Heaby Kaolin (China Hydrated aluminium silicate Pharmaceutical aid in preparation of
Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked Ca (OH)2 Complexometrc Antacids, skin lotion preparation
Clay) kaoline paultice along with boric acid and
Lime) Titration
glycerine, dustine powder
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Acid-Base titration Strong alkali, disinfectant for veter-
Pectin Purified carbohydrate product obtained Protective along with kaolin in diarrhoea
(Caustic Soda) nary purpose
from dilute acid extract of inner portion of
rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace Potassium Hydroxide KOH By Winkder method Used in preparation of cresol solution
Activated Charcoal Residue from destructive distillation of Antidote in toxins like alkaloids, amines Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10H2O Acid-Base titration Antacid, pharmaceutical aid, mouth
woods and gases like CO, CO2, N2O and NH3 and wash and in preparation of vaginal
heavy metal poisoning douches

Phosphoric Acid H3PO4 Acid-Base titration Pharmaceutical aid, lead poisoning

5. SALINE CATHARTICS
Name of Compound
Magnesium Sulphate
(Epsom Salt)
Lactulose
(Orthophospheric Acid) and in dental cement
Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10H2O Acid-Base titration Antacid, pharmaceutical aid, mouth
Chemical Formula Assay Method Uses wash and in preparation of vaginal
douches
MgSO4.7H2O – Laxative and Saline cathar-
tics Phosphoric Acid H3PO4 Acid-Base titration Pharmaceutical aid, lead poisoning
(Orthophospheric Acid) and in dental cement
Semisynthetic diasaccharides – Laxative and Saline cathar-
sugar tics
 I NORGANIC C HEMISTRY  3.279 3.280  CHAPTER 6

Antidotes
Compound Poisoning
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Activated charcoal Heavy metal poisoning, alkaloidal, sedative and hypnotic drugs
poisoning

Light kaolin Food and alkaloidal poisoning 1. Concentration of fluoride required for use as antican- 10. ORS (recommended by WHO) contain NaCl in
cer agent orally is (a) 3.5 g (b) 1.3 g
Copper sulphate Phosphorous poisoning
(a) 5% (b) 6% (c) 2.5 g (d) 4.5 g
Magnesium sulphate Heavy metal poisoning (c) 2% (d) 4% 11. Radiopharmaceuticals use in diagnosis of pernicioal
Sodium phosphate Heavy metal poisoning 2. Ammoniacal silver nitrate solution is used in the anaemia
mouth wash as (a) Ca-45 (b) Cr-51
D-penicillamine Cu (copper), Mg (magnesium) and Pb (lead) poisoning
(a) Astringent agent (c) Co-57 (d) K-42
Deferoxamine Iron (Fe) poisoning (b) Prevent the hypersensitivity 12. Radiopharmacutical use in study of thyroid uptake
Dimercaprol (-SH group containing drugs) As, Au (gold) and Hg (mercury) poisoning (c) (a) and (b) (a) K-42 (b) Cr-51
(d) None (c) I-131 (d) S-35
Succimer (disulphhydide{-SH} group As (arsenic), Au (gold) and Hg (mercury) poisoning
containing drugs) 3. One of the following is used as dental cement 13. Antidotes act by producing the effect oppose to that of
(a) ZnCl2 (b) NaCl poison is known as
Calcium disodium edta Universal antidote Lead (Pb) posioning
(c) KMnO4 (d) Zno (a) Physiological antidotes
Sodium thiosulphate Cyanide poisoining (b) Chemical antidotes
4. Concentration of H2O2 for use as mouthwash is
(c) Mechanical antidotes
Sodium nitrite Cyanide poisoining (a) 3% W/V (b) 4% W/V
(d) All
(c) 2% W/V (d) None
14. One of the following is well in cyanide poisoning
5. One of the following is rubifacient
MISCELLANEOUS AGENT (a) Sodium nitrate
(a) N2O (b) Both
Compound Category (b) Ammonium carbonate (c) Sodium thiosulphate
(c) Dilute solution of ammonia (d) None
Sodium antimony gluconate Internal parasiticidal
Antimony potassium tartrate (d) All
15. Concentration of glycerol recommended as prelenatives
Antimony sodium tartrate 6. One of the following is sedative expectorant (a) 0.9% (b) 30%
Cisplatin Anti neoplastic (cancer) agent (a) NH4Cl (b) Anise (c) 50% (d) 1.5%
(c) Lemon (d) Eucylaptus
Potassium bromide (kBr) Sedative/anti convulsant 16. The pharmaceutical aid used as astringent and clearing
7. Emetic out through local irritation or gastric mucosa is agent is
Lithium carbonate Anti depressants
(a) Ipecacaunaha (b) Ammonium bicarbonate (a) Agar (b) Alum
Sodium aurothiomalate Anti rheumatic (c) Both (d) None (c) Benzyl alcohol (d) All
Potassium perchlorate Anti thyroid drugs 8. Intracellular fluid constituent 17. The minimum concentration of colouring agent in
(a) 30–50% of body weight Pharmaceutical preparation is
Barium sulphate (syn:shadow meal, barium meal) Diagnostic agent (a) 0.01% w/v (b) 0.0001% w/v
(b) 45–50% of body weight
Plaster of paris (CaSO4.1/2H2O) Surgical aids (c) 12–15% of body weight (c) 0.001% w/v (d) 0.1% w/v
Syn:gypsum 18. Unit of radioactivity is
(d) 4–5% of body weight
Sulphar dioxide Disinfectant 9. The condition in which fluid is accumulated in the (a) Cane (b) Rad
intestinal space because of low osmotic pressure is (c) Rem (d) All
known as 19. 1 Cane = ____________
(a) Dehydration (b) Edema (a) 3.7 × 1010 dps (b) 0.87 rad
(c) Hypocolemia (d) None (c) 2.58 × 10–4 dps (d) None
 I NORGANIC C HEMISTRY  3.281 3.282  CHAPTER 6

20. Ringer lactate solution for injection contain______ 30. In limit test of sulphate which of following is used to 39. As per I.P. the pH of purified water is (c) Strong iodine
lactic acid prevent supersaturation? (a) 4.5 to 7 (b) 3 to 5 (d) Povidone-iodine
(a) 1.15 g (b) 2.4 ml (a) Potassuim sulphate (c) 1 to 3 (d) 7 to 9.5 48. Astringents are used as
(c) 2.5 g (d) None (b) Barium sulphate 40. Which of following is tartar emetic? (a) Styptic action
21. One of the following has a major role in transmission (c) Alcohol (b) Anti-inflammatory action
(a) Potassium bitartrate
of nerve impulse (d) None (c) Antiperspiring agent
(b) Antimony potassium tartrate
(a) Sodium (b) Magnesium 31. As per B.P. which of reagent is used for limit test of (c) Magnesium tartrate (d) All of above
(c) Calcium (d) None sulphate? (d) All 49. Which of following is anti-flatulent, anti-spasmodic,
22. The criteria for buffers suitable for use in biological (a) Sodium sulphtae (b) Magnesium sulphate sedative and antacid?
41. Mechanism of action like oxidation for antimicrobial
research are as follows except (c) Barium sulphate (d) None (a) Dimethadione (b) Simethicone
activity reacts with
(a) Permeable to biological membrane (c) Silicondione (d) All
32. In limit test for iron interference of other metal cation (a) Peptide linkage
(b) Hydrolytically stable
is removed by (b) Sulfhydryl group of enzyme 50. Which of following occurs naturally, sulphide called
(c) Posses adaptable buffer capability
(a) Thioglycolic acid (c) Both as cinnabar?
(d) All
(b) Citric acid (d) None (a) Mercury (b) Silver
23. Calculate pH of solution in which the H+ concentration (c) Zinc (d) Arsenic
(c) Both 42. A solution containing one mole of solute per thousand
is 4.2×10–4 mol dm–3
(d) Ammonia solution grams of solvent is called 51. Which vitamins are necessary for proper tooth
(a) 3.39 (b) 3.38
(a) Normal solution formation?
(c) 3.5 (d) 4 33. The usual limit for heavy metal as I.P. is
(b) Molal solution (a) A, C, D (b) B complex
24. Concentration of fluorides required to prevent the (a) 10 ppm (b) 20 ppm
(c) Molar solution (c) A, D, E (d) C, D, B
carries (c) 30 ppm (d) 40 ppm
(d) Percent solution 52. Color of dithiazone Pb in chloroform
(a) 1 ppm (b) 2 to 3ppm 34. In limit test for lead the reagent used as per I.P. and
(c) 10 ppm (d) < 1 ppm 43. Milk of magnesia is (a) Green (b) Red
B.P. is
(a) Hydrated magnesium silicate (c) Violet (d) None
25. Give the examples of desensitizing agent in dental (a) Dithiazone (b) Lead sulphide
(b) Hydrated magnesium oxide 53. Which one is used as standard substances for limit test
product (c) Both (d) Lead nitrate
(c) Dehydrated magnesium hydroxide of sulphate?
(a) Strontium chloride
35. In limit test for arsenic which of following method is (d) Hydrated magnesium hydroxide (a) Potassium sulphate
(b) Strontium fluoride
used? (b) Sodium sulphate
(c) Zinc chloride 44. Which of following is used in the treatment of syphilis?
(a) Arsine test (b) Gutzeit test (c) Magnesium sulphate
(d) (a) and (c) (a) Mercury (b) Silver
(c) Both (d) None (d) Iron sulphate
26. Deliquescent materials have tendency to (c) Zinc (d) Arsenic
(a) Absorb moisture (b) Loss water 36. In limit test for arsenic which of following use for con- 54. In case of limit test of heavy metal which method is
45. Which of following is called Rochelle salt?
(c) Both (d) None vert arsenic into arsine gas? used for those substance which do not yield clear
(a) Sodium potassium tartrate specified condition?
27. Which of following use for detection and measurement (a) Potassium iodide (b) Potassium bitartrate
of radiation? (b) Stannous chloride (a) Method A (b) Method B
(c) Potassium citrate
(a) Photographic plate (c) Zinc-hydrochloric acid (c) Method C (d) Method D
(d) All
(b) Semiconductor detector (d) All 55. In case of limit test of iron, thioglycolic acid is reacting
(c) Gieger Muller counter 46. Which of following is Cream of Tartar or Argol? with ________ form of iron?
37. The nature of water is (a) Aluminum hydroxide gel
(d) All (a) Ferric
28. The unit of measurement of X-ray is (a) Acid (b) Base (b) Sodium potassium tartrate (b) Ferric anhydride
(c) Amphoteric (d) Neutral (c) Potassium bitartrate
(a) Curie (b) Rontgen (c) Ferrous
(c) Both (d) All 38. Zeolite or permutit is (d) Potassium citrate (d) All of above
29. Which of following is used for estimation of reticulo- (a) Aluminium hydroxide gel 47. Which of following is Lugol’s solution? 56. Which stain paper is used in limit test of arsenic?
endothelial activity? (b) Aluminium silicate (a) Weak iodine solution (a) pH paper
(a) Gold solution (b) Cobalt (c) Magnesium silicate (b) Aqueous iodine (b) Cobalt chloride paper
(c) Cynocobalamine (d) All (d) None
 I NORGANIC C HEMISTRY  3.283

(c) Mercuric chloride paper (a) To maintain the pH of GIT

(d) None of above (b) To dispense the foam
57. As per I.P., limit of sulphate as impurity in the stated (c) To avoid the interaction with absorption of metals
compound is (d) To minimize the effect of evolved CO2
(a) 10 ppm (b) 20 ppm 62. Which compound is used as the protective in GIT?
(c) 25 ppm (d) 15 ppm (a) Bismuth subcarbonate
58. Oxidation number of free or uncombined element is (b) Caoline
(c) Bentonite
(a) 1 (b) 2
(d) All of above
(c) 0 (d) < 0
63. Which one is strong in action?
59. What is true about the antacid?
(a) Laxative (b) Purgative
(a) It is an alkaline substance (c) Cathartics (d) All of above
(b) Used for inhibiting the release of acid
64. Give an example of the bulk purgative
(c) Water soluble in nature
(d) All of the above (a) Methyl cellulose
(b) Sodium CMC
60. Give an example of the absorbable antacids (c) Senna
(a) Aluminium hydroxide (d) (a) and (b)
(b) Calcium carbonate 65. What is the true about caustics?
(c) Tribasic calcium phosphate (a) The sub stance which is able to destruct tissue
(d) Sodium bicarbonate (b) Having the keratolytic action
61. Antiflatulant compound are used with the antacids for (c) KOH and AgNO3
which purpose? (d) All of above

ANSWER KEYS

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (c) 59. (a) 60. (d)
61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (d) 65. (d)