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AnswerALL questionsin the spacesprovided.

1. Completethetablebelowby placingin eachbox a tick (r'; if youwouldexpectthefeature

to be presentor a cross(r) if you wouldexpectit to be absent.
The first row hasbeendonefor you.

Feature Sperm Egg

Tail ,(

Haploidnucleus

Acrosomepresent

Mitochondriapresent

Cytoplasm containing
many lipid droplets

UseATP for movement

l5 marks

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Sumame Initial(s)
PaperReference

Paper Reterence(s)
6 I 3 2 I 0 1
Signature

6L32t0l Examiner's use only

EdexcelGCE Team Leader's use only

n
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Biology (Salters-Nuffield)
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x
AdvancedSubsidiarv Leave
-n Number Blank
n
r Unit Test2
x I
Monday 4 June 2007- Morning
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2
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Time:1'hour30 minutes a
J
IT U1

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Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Ruler Nil
6
Calculator

8
9

Instructionsto Cafrdidates
In the boxesabove,write your centrenumber,candidatenumber,your surname,initial(s) and
signature.
The paperreferenceis shown above. Check that you have the correctquestionpaper.
Answer ALL NINE questionsin the spacesprovided in this booklet.
If you needto use additionalanswersheets,attachthem loosely but securelyinside this booklet.
Show all the stepsin any calculationsand statethe units. Calculatorsmay be used.
Include diagramsin your answerswhere theseare helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questionsand parts of questionsare shown in round brackets:e.g.(2).
The total mark for this questionpaper is 70.

Advice to Candidates
on your ability to organiseand presentinformation,ideas,descriptionsand
You will be assessed
argumentsclearly and logically, taking into accountyour use of grammar,punctuationand spelling.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance wilh
Edexcel Limited copyright policy
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2. This questionis aboutthe preparationof a microscopeslide that would enableyou to see
the stagesof mitosis.

(a) Name a suitableorganismand tissuewhich could be usedto study mitosis.

f i) orsan ism
(l)

rii\ f
(1)

(b) Name a stain you might use to make the chromosomesvisible.

(t)

(c) Explain why the cells are warmed in acid during the preparationof the slide.

(1)

(d) The diagrambelow showsa chromosomeduring an early stageof mitosis. Write the
namesof the parts labelledA and B on the lines provided.

(2) Q2

(Total6 marks) I

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3. (a) With referenceto the diagram below, suggesthow the seedsof a sycamore tree are
dispersed.

sycamofe
fruits

(2)

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4. (a) In the UK, the averageheight of people has increasedby about 8 cm in the last 150
years. Scientists have made a number of observations. Explain how each of the
following observationscould explain this increasein averageheight.

(i) On averagetaller men have more children.

(3)

(ii) The amount of protein in the diet has increased.

(2)

(iii) Children are less likely to suffer from serious infectious diseasesthan in the
past.

( 1)

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5.

Pitcher plant leaf

Northern Canadahas long and cold winters and the short summers usually end in early
August. Populations of the pitcher plant mosquito (IVyeomyia smithii) were recently
found to be hibernating (becoming dormant) in late July, an averageof 9 days later than
they usedto 30 yearsago. The mosquitoeshibernateas larvaein the fluid-filled leavesof
the pitcher plant.

(a) The mosquito larvae hibernate becausethey cannot survive in an active state once
environmentaltemperaturesfall in autumn.

Suggestwhy the mosquito larvae cannot remain active below a certain temperature.

(l)

(b) Suggesta possible explanation for the pitcher plant mosquitoesin Canadagoing into
hibernation later than they used to.

(t)

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6. The growth and developmentof an organism is co-ordinatedby signal proteins.

The diagrambelow summarisesthe stepsinvolved for one cell.

StepI signal protein

T
receptorin cell
Step2
surfacemembrane

T
a messengermolecule
moves from the cell
Step3 membraneinto
the nucleus

T
messenger RNA is
Step4 madeandreleased
from the nucleus

(a) With reference to the diagram, describe the mechanism by which a signal protein
causesthe synthesisof mRNA.

I
l

(3)
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7. (a) Namethe processes
described
below,selectingthe mostappropriate
answerfrom the
followinslist:

absorption combustion decomposition

photosynthesis respiration transpiration

Description Process
(i) Carbondioxide in the atmosphereis converted
into wood by growing trees

(ii) Deadwood is convertedto substances

which can
be readilyabsorbed
by fungi
(iii) Carbon dioxide is releasedfrom carbohydrates
animals have eaten

(iv) Carbondioxide is releasedfrom wood in a

wood-fired power station

(4)

(b) (i) Explain why coal reservesrepresenta carbonsink.

(1)

(ii) Explain why burning wood is describedas 'carbonneutral', unlikethe burningof

fossil fuel.

(2)

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(a) Explain the differencebetweenthe terms 'global warming' and 'the:grehhouse
effect'. ' .' - :

*
.,n

(3)

(b) The graphbelow showsthe changesin meanglobal surfacetemperature

betweenthe
years1880and2000.

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Year

(D Draw the line of best fit on the above graph between 1940 and 2000.
(1)

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9' The diagra. o:,t:: ft.. stepsneededto producehumantissues blank
:!:yr
stem cells' This procedure from embryonic
has not yrt been successfullycarried oui
scientists
hopethatit will soonbe porribl". r.rnap, uttt ough ,o-.
producedthatwilr enabrepeoprewith oneday new nervoustissuewill be
spinalin;u.iJ. to walk again.

StepI fertilisation

Step2

Step3

Step4 stem cells isolated,remains

of blastocystdiscarded

Step5 stem cells cultured

Step 6
cell differentiation

Step 7 humantissuesfor
transplantation

(a) (i) Describehow scientistsmight

obtain a supply of ,spare embryos'(Step
producetissues. 2) to

(l)

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(ii) After fertilisation,cells are totipotentbut by the time a blastocysthas formed
the cells are pluripotent. Explain what is meantby the terms totipotent and
pluripotent.

fotinofenf ...,

nlurinotent

(2)

(b) Explainwhy the following areimportantin producingtissuesfrom stemcells.

(i) stemcellscultured(Step5)

(2)

(ii) cell differentiation (Step6)

(2)

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