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x f(x)
2 12
5 3
7 -3
10 -12
d) Will this be a downward sloping line, upward sloping line, a horizontal line or a vertical line?
Why? Downward sloping because the slope is negative.
e) Calculate the x and y intercepts.
x intercept is at y = 0,
f(x) = -3x + 18
0 = -3x +18
3x = 18
x=6
The function crosses the x axis at (6, 0)
y intercept is at x = 0,
f(x) = -3x + 18
f(x) = -3(0) + 18
f(x) = 18
The function crosses the y axis at (0, 18)
f) Plot all the points from the table in b) along with the x and y intercepts.
Y
20
18 0, 18
16
14
12 2, 12 f(x) = -3x + 18
10
8
6
4
5, 3
2
0 6, 0
-4 -2 -2 0 2 4 6
X
7, -38 10 12
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12 10, -12
-14
3. Given, 2y – 8x – 8 = 0
a) Find the slope, the x and y intercepts and write down the function.
2y – 8x – 8 = 0
Dividing both sides by 2,
y – 4x – 4 = 0
y = 4x + 4 → this is the function.
The slope is 4.
y intercept is the same as c in the function. Here c = 4. Therefore y = 4 when x is 0. So, the
function crosses the y axis at (0,4).
x intercept is at y = 0.
y = 4x + 4
0 = 4x + 4
4x = -4
x = -1
So, the function crosses the x axis at (-1,0).
b) Draw the function for any four values of your choice for x.
Y
14
12 2, 12
10
8 1, 8
X
6
4 0, 4 y = 4x + 4
2
-1, 0 0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-2
4. Between the two functions in question 2 and 3, which one is flatter? Why?
Between f(x) = -3x + 18 and y = 4x + 4, the first function is flatter because the absolute value
of the slope, 3, of this function is smaller than the absolute value of the slope, 4, of the other
function.
x intercept is at at y = 0.
Using the quadratic formula,
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝟐±√𝟐𝟐 −𝟒(−𝟓)(−𝟏) −𝟐±√𝟒−𝟐𝟎 𝟐±√−𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝒂
= 𝟐(−𝟓)
= −𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎
As b2 - 4ac is negative and the square root of negative real numbers are not possible there are
no x intercepts in this function.
6. Given, f(x) = x2 + x - 6
a) What is the shape of this function? Convex.
b) Find the x and y intercepts and the vertex.
y intercept is at y = -6. The function crosses the y axis at (0, -6).
At x intercept, y = 0.
x2 + x – 6 = 0
Using the quadratic formula, where a = 1, b = 1, c = -6
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −1±√12 −4(1)(−6) −1±√1+24 −1±√25 −1±5
2𝑎
= 2(1)
= 2
= 2 = 2
−1+5 4 −1−5 −6
𝑥 = 2 = 2 = 2 and 𝑥 = 2 = 2 = -3
The function crosses the x axis at (-3, 0) and (2, 0)
𝒃 𝟏 𝟏
x coordinate at the vertex is = − 𝟐𝒂 = − 𝟐(𝟏) = − 𝟐 = − 𝟎. 𝟓
at x = −0.5 , f (−0.5) = (−0.5)2 + (−0.5) – 6 = - 6.25
The vertex is at (−𝟎. 𝟓, −𝟔. 𝟐𝟓)
c) Plot the function (include two more points for values of x on both sides of the line of symmetry).
(-4, 6) (3,6)
(-3, 0) (2, 0)
(0, -6)
(-0.5, -6.25)
8. Given y = x5 and slope = 405. Find the coordinates of the point at which the curve has the
specified slope.
𝒅𝒚
Slope = 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅(𝒙𝟓 )
𝒅𝒙
= 𝒅𝒙
= 𝟓𝒙𝟓−𝟏 = 𝟓𝒙𝟒
Given,
𝟓𝒙𝟒 = 𝟒𝟎𝟓
𝒙𝟒 = 𝟖𝟏
𝟒
𝒙 = √𝟖𝟏 = ±𝟑
At x = 3, y = 35 = 243
At x = -3, y = -35 = -243.
5
Where, 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑦 = 𝑢3
5 2
𝑑𝑦 5 5
= 𝑢3−1 = 𝑢3
𝑑𝑢 3 3
𝑑𝑢
= (1)3x1-1 + 0 = 3x0 = 3
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 5
= 𝑑𝑢 x 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑢3 (3)
𝑑𝑥
2 𝟐
𝑑𝑦
= 5𝑢 = 𝟓(𝟑𝒙 + 𝒃)
3 𝟑
𝑑𝑥
3
b) f(m) = mmm( √2m − 5 )
1
𝑓(𝑚) = 𝑚3 (2𝑚 − 5)3
𝒅𝒖
= 𝟑𝒎𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟑𝒎𝟐
𝒅𝒎
𝒅𝒗
Using the chain rule for 𝒅𝒎 ,
𝟏
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑛
= 𝑑𝑛 x 𝑑𝑚 ; where n = 𝟐𝒎 − 𝟓 and v = 𝒏𝟑
𝑑𝑚
1 −𝟐
𝑑𝑣 1 𝟏
= 3 𝑛3−1 = 𝟑 𝒏 𝟑
𝑑𝑛
𝑑𝑛
= (1)2m1-1 – 0 = 2m0 = 2
𝑑𝑚
−2 −2 −𝟐
𝑑𝑣 1 2 𝟐
= 3 𝑛 3 (2) = 𝑛 3 = 𝟑 ( 𝟐𝒎 − 𝟓) 𝟑
𝑑𝑚 3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑓’(𝑚) = 𝑣 𝑑𝑚 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑚
𝟏 −𝟐
𝟐
𝒇’(𝒎) = (𝟐𝒎 − 𝟓)𝟑 ( 𝟑𝒎𝟐 ) + (𝒎𝟑 ) 𝟑 ( 𝟐𝒎 − 𝟓) 𝟑
1 −2
2𝑚3
𝑓’(𝑚) = 3𝑚2 (2𝑚 − 5)3 + ( 2𝑚 − 5) 3
3
1
2𝑚3
𝑓’(𝑚) = 3𝑚2 (2𝑚 − 5)3 + 2 → you can keep the answer up to this if further
3( 2𝑚−5)3
1 2 1 2
+
3𝑚2 (2𝑚−5)3 3( 2𝑚−5)3 + 2𝑚3 9𝑚2 (2𝑚−5)3 3 + 2𝑚3
𝑓’(𝑚) = 2 = 2
3( 2𝑚−5)3 3( 2𝑚−5)3
c) y = 3logee + 4x – ln(2x3)
Simplifying the question,
logee = lne = 1
ln(2x3) = 3ln(2x)
𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3
d) g = 𝑥2
→ you can also solve this directly using the quotient rule.
First simplifying the question,
𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3 𝑥 3 (𝑥+2)
g= = = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2
→ 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) can also be differentiated using the product rule without further simplification
of the question.
𝑑𝑔 𝑑(𝑥 2 +2𝑥) 𝑑(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑(2𝑥)
= = + = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(z+3)4
e) f(z) = z2
𝒅𝒗
= 2z
𝒅𝒛
𝒅𝒖
using the chain rule for 𝒅𝒛 ,
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑚
= 𝑑𝑚 x
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Where m = z + 3 and u = z4
𝒅𝒖
= 4z3
𝒅𝒎
𝒅𝒎
=1+0=1
𝒅𝒛
𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒎
= 𝒅𝒎 x = 4z3 (1) = 4z3 = 4(𝐳 + 𝟑)𝟑
𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒛
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
f ' (z) = 𝑣2
z2 4(z+3)3 − (z+3)4 2z 4z2 (z+3)3 − 2z(z+3)4 2z(z+3)3 [2z −(z+3)] 2z(z+3)3 [2z −z−3]
f ' (z) = = = =
(z2 )2 z4 z4 z4
𝟐𝐳(𝐳+𝟑)𝟑 (𝐳−𝟑)
f ' (z) =
𝐳𝟒
f) y = e2.5x − e−2.9x
𝑑𝑦 𝑑(e2.5x − e−2.9x ) 𝑑(e2.5x ) 𝑑(e−2.9x )
= = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
You can also differentiate 𝑒 2.5𝑥 and 𝑒 −2.9𝑥 separately using the chain rule.
-12x2 + 60x – 72 = 0
Dividing both sides by 12,
-x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 ; so here a = -1, b = 5 and c = -6
b) Classify (i.e. local maximum, local minimum or inconclusive) the stationary points.
SOC,
𝒇′′ (𝒙) = −12(2)𝑥 + 60 + 0 = -24x + 60
At x = 2, 𝑓 ′′ (2) = −24(2) + 60 = 𝟏𝟐
As 𝒇′′ (𝟐) > 𝟎 the function at a local minimum point at x = 2.
6x + 12 = 0
6x = -12
x = -2
b) Classify (i.e. local maximum, local minimum or inconclusive) the stationary points.
SOC,
𝑓′′(𝑥) = 6(1) + 0 = 6
At x = -2, 𝑓 ′′ (−2) = 6
11. For the following function at the respective value of x, (show all steps)