Capacity of Rectangular Sections (WSD)

f'c=35 MPa

3.5

Rw, N-mm/mm3 3

2.5
fs=140 MPa
fs=168 MPa
2

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
Steel Ratio, r
 Capacity of Rectangular Sections (WSD)
f'c=30 MPa

Rw, N-mm/mm3
2.5

2 fs=168 MPa fs=140 MPa

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
Steel Ratio, r
 Capacity of Rectangular Section (WSD)
f'c=20 MPa

Rw, N-mm/mm3

1.5

fs=168 MPa fs=140 MPa

0.5

0
-0.005 0.015 0.035
Steel Ratio, r
rho k j k*j/2*fc 140 150 168 5000 fs=140
0.0001 0.039208 0.986931 0.261195 0.013817 0.014804 0.01658 0.0001 0.013829
0.0005 0.085532 0.971489 0.560881 0.068004 0.072862 0.081605 0.0005 0.068128
0.001 0.118744 0.960419 0.769796 0.134459 0.144063 0.16135 0.001 0.134795
0.0015 0.143383 0.952206 0.921581 0.199963 0.214246 0.239956 0.0015 0.200564
0.002 0.1636 0.945467 1.044076 0.264731 0.28364 0.317677 0.002 0.265634
0.0025 0.180998 0.939667 1.148023 0.328884 0.352375 0.39466 0.0025 0.33012
0.003 0.1964 0.934533 1.238909 0.392504 0.42054 0.471005 0.003 0.394098
0.0035 0.210294 0.929902 1.319981 0.455652 0.488199 0.546782 0.0035 0.457626
0.004 0.222998 0.925667 1.393348 0.518374 0.5554 0.622048 0.004 0.520745
0.0045 0.234732 0.921756 1.46047 0.580706 0.622185 0.696847 0.0045 0.583492
0.005 0.245657 0.918114 1.522404 0.64268 0.688586 0.771216 0.005 0.645895
0.0055 0.255893 0.914702 1.579947 0.704321 0.754629 0.845185 0.0055 0.707977
0.006 0.265535 0.911488 1.633715 0.76565 0.82034 0.91878 0.006 0.769761
0.0065 0.274656 0.908448 1.684196 0.826688 0.885737 0.992025 0.0065 0.831263
0.007 0.283317 0.905561 1.731785 0.88745 0.950839 1.06494 0.007 0.892499
0.0075 0.291568 0.902811 1.776807 0.947951 1.015662 1.137541 0.0075 0.953483
0.008 0.29945 0.900183 1.81953 1.008205 1.08022 1.209846 0.008 1.014228
0.0085 0.306999 0.897667 1.860183 1.068224 1.144526 1.281869 0.0085 1.074746
0.009 0.314243 0.895252 1.898958 1.128018 1.20859 1.353621 0.009 1.135045
0.0095 0.32121 0.89293 1.936023 1.187597 1.272425 1.425116 0.0095 1.195136
0.01 0.327922 0.890693 1.971522 1.24697 1.336039 1.496364 0.01 1.255027
0.0105 0.334397 0.888534 2.005581 1.306145 1.399442 1.567375 0.0105 1.314725
0.011 0.340654 0.886449 2.038311 1.365131 1.46264 1.638157 0.011 1.374239
0.0115 0.346707 0.884431 2.06981 1.423934 1.525643 1.708721 0.0115 1.433574
0.012 0.352571 0.882476 2.100165 1.48256 1.588457 1.779072 0.012 1.492738
0.0125 0.358258 0.880581 2.129455 1.541016 1.651089 1.84922 0.0125 1.551735
0.013 0.363778 0.878741 2.157748 1.599308 1.713544 1.91917 0.013 1.610571
0.0135 0.386203 0.871266 2.271276 1.646692 1.764313 1.976031 0.0135 1.669252
0.014 0.391567 0.869478 2.298099 1.704176 1.825903 2.045011 0.014 1.727782
0.0145 0.396786 0.867738 2.324066 1.761508 1.88733 2.11381 0.0145 1.786165
0.015 0.401866 0.866045 2.349228 1.818694 1.948601 2.182433 0.015 1.844407
0.0155 0.406815 0.864395 2.373631 1.875737 2.009718 2.250884 0.0155 1.90251
0.016 0.41164 0.862787 2.397314 1.932642 2.070688 2.31917 0.016 1.960479
0.0165 0.416347 0.861218 2.420317 1.989413 2.131514 2.387295 0.0165 2.018318
0.017 0.420942 0.859686 2.442674 2.046053 2.1922 2.455264 0.017 2.076029
0.0175 0.425429 0.85819 2.464419 2.102566 2.25275 2.52308 0.0175 2.133617
0.018 0.429814 0.856729 2.48558 2.158956 2.313167 2.590747 0.018 2.191083
0.0185 0.434102 0.855299 2.506186 2.215226 2.373456 2.658271 0.0185 2.704761 2.248432
0.019 0.438295 0.853902 2.526263 2.271378 2.433619 2.725654 0.019 2.727832 2.305666
0.0195 0.4424 0.852533 2.545834 2.327416 2.49366 2.792899 0.0195 2.750352 2.362788
0.02 0.446418 0.851194 2.564923 2.383343 2.553582 2.860011 0.02 2.772346 2.4198
0.0205 0.450355 0.849882 2.58355 2.439161 2.613387 2.926993 0.0205 2.793836 2.476705
0.021 0.454211 0.848596 2.601734 2.494873 2.673078 2.993847 0.021 2.814843 2.533505
0.0215 0.457992 0.847336 2.619495 2.550481 2.732658 3.060577 0.0215 2.835386 2.590203
0.022 0.4617 0.8461 2.636849 2.605988 2.79213 3.127186 0.022 2.855485 2.6468
0.0225 0.465337 0.844888 2.653813 2.661396 2.851496 3.193675 0.0225 2.875155 2.7033
0.023 0.468906 0.843698 2.670402 2.716707 2.910758 3.260049 0.023 2.894414 2.759703
0.0235 0.47241 0.84253 2.68663 2.771924 2.969919 3.326309 0.0235 2.913277 2.816012
0.024 0.47585 0.841383 2.702511 2.827048 3.02898 3.392458 0.024 2.931759 2.872229
0.0245 0.479229 0.840257 2.718058 2.882082 3.087945 3.458498 0.0245 2.949872 2.928356
0.025 0.482549 0.83915 2.733283 2.937027 3.146814 3.524432 0.025 2.967631 2.984394
0.0255 0.485811 0.838063 2.748198 2.991885 3.205591 3.590261 0.0255 2.985048
0.026 0.489019 0.836994 2.762813 3.046657 3.264276 3.655989 0.026 3.002134
0.0265 0.492172 0.835943 2.777138 3.101347 3.322871 3.721616 0.0265 3.0189
0.027 0.495274 0.834909 2.791184 3.155954 3.38138 3.787145 0.027 3.035357
0.0275 0.498326 0.833891 2.80496 3.210482 3.439802 3.852578 0.0275 3.051515
0.028 0.501329 0.83289 2.818475 3.264931 3.49814 3.917917 0.028 3.067383
0.0285 0.504284 0.831905 2.831737 3.319302 3.556395 3.983163 0.0285 3.082971
0.029 0.507193 0.830936 2.844754 3.373598 3.61457 4.048318 0.029 3.098287
0.0295 0.510058 0.829981 2.857533 3.42782 3.672664 4.113384 0.0295 3.11334
0.03 0.512879 0.82904 2.870084 3.481969 3.730681 4.178363 0.03 3.128137
0.0305 0.515658 0.828114 2.882411 3.536046 3.788621 4.243256 0.0305 3.142686
0.031 0.518396 0.827201 2.894522 3.590053 3.846486 4.308064 0.031 3.156994
0.0315 0.521094 0.826302 2.906424 3.643991 3.904276 4.372789 0.0315 3.171068
0.032 0.523754 0.825415 2.918122 3.697861 3.961994 4.437433 0.032 3.184915
0.0325 0.526375 0.824542 2.929622 3.751665 4.019641 4.501998 0.0325 3.198541
0.033 0.528959 0.82368 2.940931 3.805402 4.077217 4.566483 0.033 3.211953
0.0335 0.531508 0.822831 2.952052 3.859076 4.134724 4.630891 0.0335 3.225155
0.034 0.534021 0.821993 2.962992 3.912686 4.192164 4.695223 0.034 3.238154
0.0345 0.536501 0.821166 2.973756 3.966234 4.249536 4.759481 0.0345 3.250955
0.035 0.538947 0.820351 2.984347 4.01972 4.306843 4.823664 0.035 3.263563
0.0355 0.54136 0.819547 2.994772 4.073147 4.364086 4.887776 0.0355 3.275983
0.036 0.543742 0.818753 3.005033 4.126514 4.421265 4.951816 0.036 3.288221
0.0365 0.546093 0.817969 3.015137 4.179822 4.478381 5.015787 0.0365 3.300279
0.037 0.548413 0.817196 3.025085 4.233073 4.535436 5.079688 0.037 3.312164
0.0375 0.550704 0.816432 3.034883 4.286268 4.59243 5.143522 0.0375 3.323879
0.038 0.552966 0.815678 3.044535 4.339407 4.649365 5.207289 0.038 3.335429
0.0385 0.5552 0.814933 3.054043 4.392491 4.706241 5.27099 0.0385 3.346817
0.039 0.557406 0.814198 3.063411 4.445522 4.763059 5.334626 0.039 3.358047
0.0395 0.559585 0.813472 3.072643 4.498499 4.81982 5.398198 0.0395 3.369123
0.04 0.561737 0.812754 3.081743 4.551423 4.876525 5.461708 0.04 3.380049
0.0405 0.563864 0.812045 3.090712 4.604296 4.933175 5.525156 0.0405 3.390828
0.041 0.565966 0.811345 3.099555 4.657119 4.98977 5.588543 0.041 3.401463
0.0415 0.568042 0.810653 3.108274 4.709891 5.046312 5.651869 0.0415 3.411958
0.042 0.570095 0.809968 3.116872 4.762614 5.102801 5.715137 0.042 3.422315
0.0425 0.572124 0.809292 3.125352 4.815288 5.159237 5.778346 0.0425 3.432538
0.043 0.574129 0.808624 3.133717 4.867914 5.215623 5.841497 0.043 3.44263
0.0435 0.576112 0.807963 3.141968 4.920493 5.271957 5.904592 0.0435 3.452593
0.044 0.578072 0.807309 3.150109 4.973026 5.328242 5.967631 0.044 3.46243
0.0445 0.58001 0.806663 3.158142 5.025512 5.384477 6.030615 0.0445 3.472145
0.045 0.581927 0.806024 3.16607 5.077953 5.440664 6.093544 0.045 3.481739
0.0455 0.583823 0.805392 3.173894 5.13035 5.496803 6.156419 0.0455 3.491214
0.046 0.585698 0.804767 3.181616 5.182702 5.552895 6.219242 0.046 3.500575
0.0465 0.587553 0.804149 3.18924 5.23501 5.60894 6.282012 0.0465 3.509822
0.047 0.589388 0.803537 3.196767 5.287276 5.664939 6.344731 0.047 3.518958
0.0475 0.591203 0.802932 3.204199 5.3395 5.720892 6.407399 0.0475 3.527985
0.048 0.593 0.802333 3.211538 5.391681 5.776801 6.470017 0.048 3.536906
0.0485 0.594777 0.801741 3.218785 5.443821 5.832666 6.532586 0.0485 3.545722
0.049 0.596536 0.801155 3.225944 5.495921 5.888487 6.595105 0.049 3.554436
0.0495 0.598277 0.800574 3.233015 5.54798 5.944265 6.657576 0.0495 3.56305
0.05 0.6 0.8 3.24 5.6 6 6.72 0.05 3.571565
0.0505 0.601706 0.799431 3.246901 5.65198 6.055693 6.782377 0.0505 3.579983
0.051 0.603394 0.798869 3.25372 5.703922 6.111345 6.844707 0.051 3.588306
0.0515 0.605066 0.798311 3.260458 5.755826 6.166956 6.906991 0.0515 3.596537
0.052 0.60672 0.79776 3.267116 5.807692 6.222527 6.96923 0.052 3.604676
0.0525 0.608359 0.797214 3.273697 5.85952 6.278058 7.031424 0.0525 3.612725
0.053 0.609982 0.796673 3.280201 5.911312 6.333549 7.093575 0.053 3.620686
0.0535 0.611588 0.796137 3.286631 5.963068 6.389001 7.155681 0.0535 3.628561
0.054 0.61318 0.795607 3.292987 6.014787 6.444415 7.217745 0.054 3.636351
0.0545 0.614756 0.795081 3.299271 6.066471 6.499791 7.279765 0.0545 3.644057
0.055 0.616317 0.794561 3.305484 6.11812 6.555129 7.341744 0.055 3.651682
0.0555 0.617863 0.794046 3.311628 6.169735 6.61043 7.403682 0.0555 3.659226
0.056 0.619395 0.793535 3.317703 6.221315 6.665694 7.465578 0.056 3.666691
0.0565 0.620912 0.793029 3.323711 6.272861 6.720923 7.527433 0.0565 3.674078
0.057 0.622416 0.792528 3.329653 6.324374 6.776115 7.589249 0.057 3.681389
0.0575 0.623905 0.792032 3.335531 6.375854 6.831272 7.651025 0.0575 3.688625
0.058 0.625381 0.79154 3.341345 6.427301 6.886394 7.712761 0.058 3.695787
0.0585 0.626844 0.791052 3.347097 6.478716 6.941481 7.774459 0.0585 3.702876
0.059 0.628293 0.790569 3.352787 6.530099 6.996535 7.836119 0.059 3.709894
0.0595 0.62973 0.79009 3.358417 6.581451 7.051554 7.897741 0.0595 3.716841
0.06 0.631153 0.789616 3.363987 6.632771 7.10654 7.959325 0.06 3.72372
fs=150 s=168 4000 fs=140 fs=150 s=168 3000 fs=140
0.014816 0.016594 0.0001 0.013817 0.014804 0.01658 0.0001 0.013806
0.072994 0.081753 0.0005 0.068004 0.072862 0.081605 0.0005 0.067889
0.144424 0.161754 0.001 0.134459 0.144063 0.16135 0.001 0.134145
0.21489 0.240677 0.0015 0.199963 0.214246 0.239956 0.0015 0.199404
0.284608 0.318761 0.002 0.264731 0.28364 0.317677 0.002 0.263892
0.3537 0.396144 0.0025 0.328884 0.352375 0.39466 0.0025 0.327737
0.422248 0.472918 0.003 0.392504 0.42054 0.471005 0.003 0.391028
0.490313 0.549151 0.0035 0.455652 0.488199 0.546782 0.0035 0.453827
0.557941 0.624894 0.004 0.518374 0.5554 0.622048 0.004 0.516183
0.62517 0.70019 0.0045 0.580706 0.622185 0.696847 0.0045 0.578136
0.69203 0.775074 0.005 0.64268 0.688586 0.771216 0.005 0.639717
0.758547 0.849573 0.0055 0.704321 0.754629 0.845185 0.0055 0.700953
0.824744 0.923713 0.006 0.76565 0.82034 0.91878 0.006 0.761869
0.890638 0.997515 0.0065 0.826688 0.885737 0.992025 0.0065 0.822483
0.956249 1.070998 0.007 0.88745 0.950839 1.06494 0.007 0.882813
1.021589 1.14418 0.0075 0.947951 1.015662 1.137541 0.0075 0.942875
1.086673 1.217074 0.008 1.008205 1.08022 1.209846 0.008 1.002682
1.151513 1.289695 0.0085 1.068224 1.144526 1.281869 0.0085 1.062248
1.21612 1.362054 0.009 1.128018 1.20859 1.353621 0.009 1.320112 1.121584
1.280503 1.434163 0.0095 1.187597 1.272425 1.425116 0.0095 1.345337 1.1807
1.344671 1.506032 0.01 1.24697 1.336039 1.496364 0.01 1.369473 1.239604
1.408634 1.57767 0.0105 1.306145 1.399442 1.567375 0.0105 1.392607 1.298307
1.472399 1.649087 0.011 1.365131 1.46264 1.638157 0.011 1.414819 1.356816
1.535972 1.720289 0.0115 1.423934 1.525643 1.708721 0.0115 1.436175 1.415138
1.599362 1.791285 0.012 1.48256 1.588457 1.779072 0.012 1.456739 1.456739
1.662573 1.862082 0.0125 1.541016 1.651089 1.84922 0.0125 1.476563
1.725612 1.932686 0.013 1.599308 1.713544 1.91917 0.013 1.495696
1.788484 2.003102 0.0135 1.657441 1.775829 1.988929 0.0135 1.514184
1.851195 2.073338 0.014 1.71542 1.837949 2.058503 0.014 1.532066
1.913749 2.143399 0.0145 1.773249 1.89991 2.127899 0.0145 1.549377
1.97615 2.213288 0.015 1.830933 1.961714 2.19712 0.015 1.566152
2.038404 2.283012 0.0155 2.286286 1.888477 2.023369 2.266173 0.0155 1.58242
2.100514 2.352575 0.016 2.309742 1.945885 2.084877 2.309742 0.016 1.598209
2.162484 2.421982 0.0165 2.332541 2.00316 2.146242 0.0165 1.613545
2.224317 2.491235 0.017 2.354715 2.060305 2.20747 0.017 1.62845
2.286018 2.56034 0.0175 2.376297 2.117325 2.268562 0.0175 1.642946
2.347589 2.6293 0.018 2.397314 2.174222 2.329524 0.018 1.657053
2.409035 2.698119 0.0185 2.417794 2.231 2.390357 0.0185 1.670791
2.470357 2.727832 0.019 2.43776 2.287662 2.451066 0.019 1.684175
2.531558 0.0195 2.457237 2.34421 0.0195 1.697223
2.592643 0.02 2.476245 2.400648 0.02 1.709949
2.653612 0.0205 2.494805 2.456977 0.0205 1.722367
2.71447 0.021 2.512936 2.512936 0.021 1.73449
2.775217 0.0215 2.530655 0.0215 1.74633
2.835857 0.022 2.547979 0.022 1.757899
2.896392 0.0225 2.564923 0.0225 1.769209
0.023 2.581502 0.023 1.780268
0.0235 2.597731 0.0235 1.791087
0.024 2.613621 0.024 1.801674
0.0245 2.629185 0.0245 1.812039
0.025 2.644436 0.025 1.822189
0.0255 2.659384 0.0255 1.832132
0.026 2.674039 0.026 1.841875
0.0265 2.688412 0.0265 1.851425
0.027 2.702511 0.027 1.86079
0.0275 2.716347 0.0275 1.869973
0.028 2.729927 0.028 1.878983
0.0285 2.74326 0.0285 1.887824
0.029 2.756354 0.029 1.896502
0.0295 2.769215 0.0295 1.905022
0.03 2.781851 0.03 1.913389
0.0305 2.794269 0.0305 1.921607
0.031 2.806475 0.031 1.929682
0.0315 2.818475 0.0315 1.937616
0.032 2.830275 0.032 1.945415
0.0325 2.841882 0.0325 1.953082
0.033 2.853299 0.033 1.96062
0.0335 2.864534 0.0335 1.968035
0.034 2.87559 0.034 1.975328
0.0345 2.886472 0.0345 1.982504
0.035 2.897185 0.035 1.989565
0.0355 2.907734 0.0355 1.996515
0.036 2.918122 0.036 2.003356
0.0365 2.928354 0.0365 2.010091
0.037 2.938434 0.037 2.016723
0.0375 2.948365 0.0375 2.023256
0.038 2.958152 0.038 2.02969
0.0385 2.967797 0.0385 2.036028
0.039 2.977305 0.039 2.042274
0.0395 2.986678 0.0395 2.048429
0.04 2.99592 0.04 2.054495
0.0405 3.005033 0.0405 2.060475
0.041 3.014022 0.041 2.06637
0.0415 3.022888 0.0415 2.072183
0.042 3.031634 0.042 2.077915
0.0425 3.040263 0.0425 2.083568
0.043 3.048778 0.043 2.089144
0.0435 3.057181 0.0435 2.094645
0.044 3.065474 0.044 2.100073
0.0445 3.073661 0.0445 2.105428
0.045 3.081743 0.045 2.110713
0.0455 3.089722 0.0455 2.115929
0.046 3.097601 0.046 2.121078
0.0465 3.105381 0.0465 2.12616
0.047 3.113066 0.047 2.131178
0.0475 3.120656 0.0475 2.136133
0.048 3.128153 0.048 2.141025
0.0485 3.13556 0.0485 2.145857
0.049 3.142878 0.049 2.150629
0.0495 3.150109 0.0495 2.155343
0.05 3.157255 0.05 2.16
0.0505 3.164317 0.0505 2.164601
0.051 3.171297 0.051 2.169147
0.0515 3.178196 0.0515 2.173638
0.052 3.185017 0.052 2.178077
0.0525 3.19176 0.0525 2.182465
0.053 3.198427 0.053 2.186801
0.0535 3.205019 0.0535 2.191087
0.054 3.211538 0.054 2.195325
0.0545 3.217985 0.0545 2.199514
0.055 3.224361 0.055 2.203656
0.0555 3.230667 0.0555 2.207752
0.056 3.236906 0.056 2.211802
0.0565 3.243077 0.0565 2.215807
0.057 3.249183 0.057 2.219769
0.0575 3.255224 0.0575 2.223687
0.058 3.261201 0.058 2.227563
0.0585 3.267116 0.0585 2.231398
0.059 3.272969 0.059 2.235191
0.0595 3.278762 0.0595 2.238944
0.06 3.284496 0.06 2.242658
fs=150 s=168 2
0.014792 0.016567 Rw =M/bd
0.072738 0.081467
0.143727 0.160974 Rw =0.5 f c k j or
0.213647 0.239285
0.282741 0.31667
=0.5 ρf y j
0.351147 0.393285
0.418959 0.469234
0.486243 0.544592 '
0.553054 0.61942 f c=0. 45 f c
0.619431 0.693763
0.685411 0.76766
f s =140 MPa for f y=280-350 MPa
0.751022 0.841144 =168 MPa for f y=420 MPa
0.816288 0.914242
0.881231 0.986979
0.945871 1.059375
1.010223 1.13145
1.074303 1.203219
1.138123 1.274698
1.201697 1.320112
1.265035
1.328148
1.391043