What is Java?

山口 浩
Java IS ...

•Simple •High-Performance
•Object Oriented •Multi-Threaded
•Distributed •Dynamic
•Robust
•Secure
•Architecture Neutral
•Portable
•Integrated
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TIOBE Programming Community Index

http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/
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TIOBE Programming Community Index
Position Position Delta in Programming Ratings Delta Status
Feb 2010 Feb 2009 Position Language Feb 2010 Feb 2009
1 1 Java 17.35% -2.05%   A
2 2 C 16.60% +0.76%   A
3 5 PHP 10.00% +1.22%   A
4 3 C++ 9.45% -0.19%   A
5 4 (Visual) Basic 7.05% -1.79%   A
6 6 C# 5.02% -0.05%   A
7 7 Python 4.31% -0.25%   A
8 8 Perl 3.60% -0.52%   A
9 9 Delphi 2.66% -0.97%   A
10 10 JavaScript 2.64% -0.90%   A
11 11 Ruby 2.44% -0.84%   A
12 32 Objective-C 1.78% +1.60%   A
13 - Go 1.78% +1.78%   A-
14 14 SAS 0.77% -0.06%   A
15 13 PL/SQL 0.74% -0.25%   A
16 17 ABAP 0.66% +0.09%   B
17 16 Pascal 0.61% -0.08%   B
18 18 ActionScript 0.58% +0.04%   B
19 23 Lisp/Scheme 0.56% +0.13%   B
20 24 MATLAB 0.54% +0.12%   B
http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/
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Release History
Date Release
1/23/1996 JDK 1.0
2/19/1997 JDK 1.1
12/8/1998 J2SE 1.2
5/8/2000 J2SE 1.3
2/6/2002 J2SE 1.4
9/30/2004 J2SE 5.0
12/11/2006 Java SE 6
10/16/2008 Java SE 6, update 10
1/13/2010 Java SE 6, update 18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_version_history
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Java VM - Performance

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Java VM Architecture

compile execute Java VM

----------- 00111111101
-----------
----------- 01110101011
----------- 11100101001
-----------
----------- 01010100100 Class Loader
----------- 10100101010
------- 01011010010
1001
Bytecode Verifier
Java source code Java Bytecode

Interpreter

Runtime System

OS

Hardware

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Simple Java Program

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class Multiply {

! public static void main(String args[]) {
! ! BigDecimal x = new BigDecimal(args[0]);
! ! BigDecimal y = new BigDecimal(args[1]);
! ! BigDecimal z = x.multiply(y);
! ! System.out.println(x + " * " + y + " = " + z);
! }
}

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Bytecode（Java VM Instructions）
Method void main(java.lang.String[])
0 new #2 <Class java.math.BigDecimal> 200 Java VM instructions
3 dup
4 aload_0
5 iconst_0
6 aaload
7 invokespecial #3 <Method java.math.BigDecimal(java.lang.String)>
10 astore_1
11 new #2 <Class java.math.BigDecimal>
14 dup
15 aload_0
16 iconst_1
17 aaload
18 invokespecial #3 <Method java.math.BigDecimal(java.lang.String)>
21 astore_2
22 aload_1
23 aload_2
24 invokevirtual #4 <Method java.math.BigDecimal multiply(java.math.BigDecimal)>
27 astore_3
28 getstatic #5 <Field java.io.PrintStream out>
31 new #6 <Class java.lang.StringBuffer>
34 dup
...
60 invokevirtual #12 <Method java.lang.String toString()>
63 invokevirtual #13 <Method void println(java.lang.String)>
66 return

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Performance Improvements

•Java Compiler Improvements

- Bytecode optimization
- Bytecode inlining

•Java Interpreter Improvements

- JIT (Just in Time) Compiler
- HotSpot Performance Engine
- Garbage Collection Algorithms
- Locking Mechanism

•Class Library Improvements

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Performance Improvements
Server benchmark: Volano 2.5.0.9

800 2005
2004

600

2001 2003

400

200

1998

0
J2SE 1.2.2 J2SE 1.3.1_16 J2SE 1.4.2_11 J2SE 5.0_06 Java SE 6.0
Sun JVMs are 32-bit
Sun Fire V490: Solaris 9 / SPARC
Volano Website: http://www.volano.com
Source: Java Performance Engineering
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Computer Language Benchmark Game

http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/u64q/which-programming-languages-are-fastest.php
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Java (HotSpot) v.s. Java (Interpreter)

13
Java v.s. Fortran

14
Java v.s. GNU g++ (C++)

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COBOL to Java

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COBOL Program - Display File Contents
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. LST001.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT F1 ASSIGN TO "C:\COBOL\LST001.CBL" STATUS FST.
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD F1.
01 F1R PIC X(72).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 FST PIC X(02).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
OPEN INPUT F1
PERFORM UNTIL FST NOT = "00"
READ F1
END
CONTINUE
NOT END
DISPLAY F1R
END-READ
END-PERFORM
CLOSE F1
STOP RUN.

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Java EE overview

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Java EE Tiered Applications

•Client Tier
•Web Tier
•Business Tier
•EIS (Enterprise Information System) Tier

Client Web Business EIS

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Client Tier

•Web Browsers
- HTML
- Java Applet
- AJAX

•Rich Client Applications

- Java Web Start Applications
- Desktop (Java) Client

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Web Tier

•Web Server Applications

•Servlet
•JSF (JavaServer Faces)
•JSF Facelet
•EL (Expression Language)
•JSP (JavaServer Pages)
•JSP Standard Tag Library
•JavaBeans Components
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Business Tier

•Enterprise JavaBeans
•JAX-RS RESTful Web Services
•JAX-WS Web Services Endpoints
•Java Persistence API

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EIS Tier

•JDBC (Java Database Connection)

•Java Persistence API
•Java EE Connector Architecture
•Java Transaction API

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Java EE 6 Technologies
• EJB 3.1 • JAXB 2.2 • Java Persistence 2.0
• Servlet 3.0 • JAXR 1.0 • Bean Validation 1.0
• JSP 2.2 • Java EE Management 1.1 • Managed Bean 1.0
• EL 2.2 • Java EE Deployment 1.2 • Interceptors 1.1
• JMS 1.1 • JACC 1.4 • Contexts and
Dependency Injection for
• JTA 1.1 • JASPIC 1.0 JavaEE 1.0

• JavaMail 1.4 • JSP Debugging 1.0 • Dependency Injection for

Java 1.0
• Connector 1.6 • JSTL 1.2
• Web Services 1.3 • Web Services Metadata
2.1
• JAX-RPC 1.1
• JSF 2.0
• JAX-WS 2.2
• Common Annotations 1.1
• JAX-RS 1.1
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Future Topic Candidates

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 Future Topic Candidates

•Java EE Details
•Spring Framework
•Testing
•Source Code Management
•COBOL and Java ?
•...

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