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Chemistry of Life
Study Guide A
Answer Key
SECTION 1. ATOMS, IONS, AND MOLECULES
SECTION 3. CARBON-BASED MOLECULES
1. nucleus: dense center of an atom
1. true
2. neutron: particle with no electrical charge
2. false
3. proton: particle with positive electrical charge
3. true
4. electron: particle with negative electrical charge
4. false
5. compounds
5. Students should sketch one of the following, based on
6. elements
Figure 3.1 in the student text: straight chain, branched
7. false
chain, or ring.
8. false
6. Provide energy
9. true
7. starches, sugar
10. true
8. Store energy
11. outermost
9. fat, oils
12. strong
10. source of amino acids
13. electrons
11. beans, meat, nuts
14. covalent
12. map for making proteins
15. compound
13. DNA, RNA
16. element
14. polymer
17. ionic bond
18. covalent bond SECTION 4. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
19. atom 1. reactants, products; reactants, products
20. molecule 2. chemical bonds
3. reactants
SECTION 2. PROPERTIES OF WATER
4. atoms
1. false
5. same rate
2. true
6. false
3. true
7. true
4. a
8. true
5. b
9. false
6. c
10. false
7. evenly
11. chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it
8. solvent
releases
9. nonpolar
12. chemical reaction that releases more energy than it
10. more acidic, neutral, more basic
absorbs
11. solute
13. amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a
chemical reaction to start
14. substances changed during a chemical reaction
15. substances made by a chemical reaction
16. state reached when reactants and products are made at
the same rate
17. amount of energy that will break a bond between two
atoms
SECTION 5. ENZYMES
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. (starting in upper left box and moving clockwise) in
living things, temperature and pH, by speeding them
up, by binding to the enzyme, making it possible for
the reaction to take place
5. decrease
6. enzymes
7. Enzymes
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.
7. true / false An atom becomes an ion when its number of protons changes.
8. true / false Some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge.
9. true / false The formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level.
10.true / false Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one
atom to another.
11. Shared pairs of electrons fill the innermost / outermost energy levels of
bonded atoms.
13. Two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Vocabulary Check
element compound ion molecule
ionic bond covalent bond atom
KEY CONCEPT
Water’s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth.
1. true / false Polar molecules have two regions with a slight positive charge.
3. true / false Slightly charged regions of water molecules form hydrogen bonds.
6. Which property of water helps plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves?
a. high specific heat
b. cohesion
c. adhesion
d. polarity
9. “Oil and water don’t mix” because a polar / nonpolar molecule can’t easily dissolve in a
polar solvent.
10. In the pH table below, add labels to show which side of the table shows pHs that are
more acidic, and which side shows pHs that are more basic. Then add a label to show
which pH is neutral.
_____________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with either solvent or solute.
Study Guide A
MAIN IDEA: CARBON ATOMS HAVE UNIQUE BONDING PROPERTIES.
1. true / false Carbon atoms form the building blocks of most living things.
3. true / false Carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms.
4. true / false The three basic structures of carbon-based molecules are straight chain, bent
chain, and ring.
Functions Examples
Provide energy meat fat oils
Building blocks of proteins sugar beans DNA
Map for making proteins RNA starches nuts
Store energy
Carbohydrate 6. 7.
Lipid 8. 9.
14. The prefix mono- means “one,” and the prefix poly- means “many.”
Which contains more molecules, a monomer or a polymer? _____________________
4. Bond energy is the amount of energy it takes to break a bond between two
atoms / ions.
5. Equilibrium occurs when reactants and products are made at the same rate / different
rates.
8. true / false Some chemical reactions release more energy than they absorb, while others
absorb more energy than they release.
9. true / false Chemical reactions can occur whether or not energy is added to the reactants.
10. true / false An exothermic chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.
Vocabulary Check
Draw lines to connect the words or phrases that mean the same thing.
2. Which of the following can reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction
to take place?
a. reactant
b. product
c. catalyst
d. hydrogen bond
Vocabulary Check
Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
5. A catalyst can increase / decrease the amount of energy needed to start a chemical
reaction.