Chemistry I (CHEM1100/1110) Chemistry II (CHEM1200)

NA = 6.022 × 1023 R = 8.314 J·mol–1·K–1 or R = 0.08206 L·atm·mol–1·K–1 c = 2.998 × 108 m/s h = 6.626 × 10–34 J·s 1 96,485.340 C/mol e
–27
1 eV = 1.6022 × 10–19 J
5
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01325 bar = 1.01325 × 10 Pa = 14.7 psi 1 amu = 1.66054 × 10 kg = 931.5 MeV
PM melectron = 9.10938262 × 10 kg mproton = 1.67262171 × 10–27 kg mneutron = 1.67492728 × 10–27 kg
–31
PV = nRT PA = χA PTotal d u rms
3RT
RT M
effusion rate ( A) dB MB n2a P2 H vap 1 1 H vap 1 S
Pmeas (Vmeas nb) nRT ln ln K
effusion rate ( B) dA MA V2 P1 R T2 T1 R T R
q n H fusion q mCs T n 2d sin
Boltzmann Constant: kB = R/NA 1 D = 3.34 ×10–30 C • m
S gas k H Pgas (T is constant) S1 S2
melectron = 9.10938262 × 10–31 kg c = 2.998 × 108 m/sec h = 6.626 × 10–34 J·s P1 P2
1 1 1 RH = 1.096776 × 107 m–1 H sol"n H solute H solvent H mix H hydration H solvent H mix
RH 2 2
n1 n2
Psolution X solventPsolvent Psolution X A PA X B PB
E = hν c = νλ En = – (2.18 × 10–18J) 1/n2 (Hydrogen Atom)
 
P Psolvent Psolution X solutePsolvent Tf Kfm Tb Kbm MRT
Momentum: p = mu mu 2 p2 (note u = velocity, ν = frequency)
KE
2 2m
n m
h h 19
d [ X] rate k[A ]n [ B]m rate2 k [ A ]2 [B]2
q(r) q (electron) 1.6 10 C Rate
p mu dt rate1 k [A]1 [B]1

KEelectron = hν – Ф or if atom or molecule KEelectron = hν – IE (Ionization Energy) [ A ]t kt [A]0 ln[A]t kt ln[A]0 1 1 ln 2

kt t1 / 2
[A]t [ A ]0 k
q = CΔT C = heat capacity = m (specific heat) Cs, ice = 2.09 J/g•˚C Cs, water = 4.18 J/g•˚C k Ae Ea / RT k2 Ea 1 1 [ F ] f [G] g KP K c ( RT )
ng
ln d e
Kc
ΔE = q + w w = – PΔV H = ΔE + PΔV k1 R T2 T1 [ D] [ E ]
+
C = heat capacity = m (specific heat) = n Cm m = sample mass n = moles of sample pH = –log[H3O ] pH + pOH = pKw = 14 pKa + pKb = pKw Ka × Kb = Kw
Cm = molar heat capacity
[H ][ A ] [BH ][ OH ] [A ] [BH ]
H rxn m H f (products) n H f (reactants) Ka Kb pH pK a log pOH pK b log
[HA ] [B] [HA ] [B]
[ H ]2 [ A 2 ] H E n gas RT G H T S
+ – Ka K a1 K a 2
pH = –log[H ] pOH = –log[OH ] pH + pOH = 14.00 [ H 2 A]
Ka × Kb = Kw Kw = 1.0 × 10–14 (at 25°C) Ka
[H ][ A ]
Kb
[BH ][ OH ]
[HA ] [B] G G RT ln Q G RT ln K G n E q I t n

b b2 4ac  RT  RT
Quadratic equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0 x Ecell ln K c Ecell Ecell ln Q
2a n n

E mc 2 E
hc
Activity
N
kN I1 d22
t I2 d1 2