RTN 980L V100R009C10 Product Description (Split LH) 01

OptiX RTN 980L Radio Transport System
V100R009C10
Product Description (Split LH)
Issue 01
Date 2016-12-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Product Description (Split LH) About This Document
About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX RTN 980L V100R009C10
iManager U2000 V200R016C60
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning engineers.
Familiarity with the basic knowledge related to digital microwave communication technology
will help you apply the information in this document.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
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which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

which, if not avoided, could result in death
or serious injury.

which, if not avoided, may result in minor
or moderate injury.
Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Product Description (Split LH) About This Document
Symbol Description

which, if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not
related to personal injury.
Calls attention to important information,

best practices and tips.
NOTE is used to address information not
related to personal injury, equipment
damage, and environment deterioration.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
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boldface. For example, log in as user root.
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Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue
contains all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Based on Product Version V100R009C10

This document is the first release for the V100R009C10 product version.
Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Product Description (Split LH) Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Network Application...................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Components.................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Product Highlights.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Functions and Features............................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Microwave Types..........................................................................................................................................................14
2.1.1 SDH Microwave........................................................................................................................................................ 14
2.1.2 Hybrid/Packet Integrated IP Microwave................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Modulation Strategy..................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation...................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation................................................................................................................................................. 17
2.3 RF Configuration Modes.............................................................................................................................................. 18
2.4 Space Diversity and IF Combination............................................................................................................................20
2.5 EPLA............................................................................................................................................................................ 21
2.6 N+1 Protection..............................................................................................................................................................22
2.7 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation............................................................................................................... 22
2.8 Automatic Transmit Power Control..............................................................................................................................23
2.9 Capacity........................................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.9.1 Air Interface Capacity............................................................................................................................................... 24
2.9.2 Cross-Connect Capacity............................................................................................................................................ 24
2.9.3 Switching Capacity....................................................................................................................................................24
2.10 Interfaces.................................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.10.1 Service Ports............................................................................................................................................................ 24
2.10.2 Management and Auxiliary Ports............................................................................................................................ 26
2.11 MPLS/PWE3 Functions..............................................................................................................................................28
2.12 Ethernet Service Processing Capability......................................................................................................................30
2.13 Hierarchy VPN Functions.......................................................................................................................................... 32
2.14 Native IP Functions.................................................................................................................................................... 33
2.15 QoS............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
2.16 Clock Features............................................................................................................................................................ 38
2.17 Protection Capability.................................................................................................................................................. 39
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2.18 Network Management................................................................................................................................................ 40

2.19 Easy Installation......................................................................................................................................................... 42
2.20 Easy Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................................43
2.20.1 Equipment-level OAM............................................................................................................................................ 43
2.20.2 Packet Services OAM (TP-Assist).......................................................................................................................... 45
2.20.3 Atom Meter..............................................................................................................................................................46
2.21 Security Management................................................................................................................................................. 47
2.22 Energy Saving.............................................................................................................................................................50
2.23 Environmental Protection........................................................................................................................................... 50
3 Product Structure......................................................................................................................... 52
3.1 System Architecture..................................................................................................................................................... 53
3.2 Hardware Structure.......................................................................................................................................................55
3.2.1 IDU............................................................................................................................................................................ 55
3.2.2 RFU........................................................................................................................................................................... 62
3.2.3 Branching Unit.......................................................................................................................................................... 63
3.3 Software Structure........................................................................................................................................................ 65
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow................................................................................................................................... 66
3.4.1 SDH Microwave........................................................................................................................................................ 66
3.4.2 Hybrid Microwave.....................................................................................................................................................68
3.4.3 Packet Microwave..................................................................................................................................................... 70
4 Networking and Applications.................................................................................................. 74

4.1 Basic Network Topologies............................................................................................................................................75
4.1.1 Chain Network...........................................................................................................................................................75
4.1.2 Ring Network............................................................................................................................................................ 76
4.1.3 Aggregation Networking........................................................................................................................................... 78
4.2 RF System Configuration............................................................................................................................................. 78
4.3 Service Configuration...................................................................................................................................................84
5 Network Management System..................................................................................................86

5.1 Network Management Solution....................................................................................................................................87
5.2 Web LCT...................................................................................................................................................................... 87
5.3 U2000........................................................................................................................................................................... 89
6 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................92
6.1 RF Specifications..........................................................................................................................................................93
6.1.1 Air Interface Capacity............................................................................................................................................... 93
6.1.2 EPLA Service Throughput........................................................................................................................................ 97
6.1.3 RFU Performance...................................................................................................................................................... 99
6.1.4 BU Performance...................................................................................................................................................... 101
6.1.5 Receiver Sensitivity................................................................................................................................................. 102
6.1.6 IF Performance........................................................................................................................................................ 104
6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem....................................................................................... 105
6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability.................................................................................................................................105
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6.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability.............................................................................................................................105

6.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability........................................................................................................................................106
6.3 Interface Performance.................................................................................................................................................106
6.3.1 SDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................................106
6.3.2 E1 Interface Performance........................................................................................................................................ 109
6.3.3 Ethernet Interface Specifications.............................................................................................................................109
6.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance............................................................................................................................. 116
6.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance.......................................................................................................118
6.5 Integrated System Performance.................................................................................................................................. 118
A Service Features........................................................................................................................ 122

A.1 Feature Application (MPLS Packet Service).............................................................................................................123
A.1.1 CES Services.......................................................................................................................................................... 123
A.1.2 ATM/IMA Services................................................................................................................................................ 126
A.1.3 Ethernet Services.................................................................................................................................................... 127
A.2 Feature Application (Traversing the Original Network)........................................................................................... 130
A.2.1 Traversing a TDM Network by Using the EoPDH/EoSDH Feature...................................................................... 130
A.2.2 Using ML-PPP to Transmit Services Through a TDM Network........................................................................... 131
A.2.3 Traversing a Layer 2 Network by Using VLAN Sub-interfaces............................................................................ 132
A.3 Feature Application (L3VPN)................................................................................................................................... 133
A.4 Feature Application (Native IP).................................................................................................................................135
B Compliance Standards............................................................................................................. 138

B.1 ITU-R Standards........................................................................................................................................................ 139
B.2 ETSI Standards.......................................................................................................................................................... 140
B.3 IEC Standards............................................................................................................................................................ 142
B.4 ITU-T Standards........................................................................................................................................................ 144
B.5 IETF Standards.......................................................................................................................................................... 145
B.6 IEEE Standards.......................................................................................................................................................... 147
B.7 MEF Standards...........................................................................................................................................................148
B.8 AF Standards..............................................................................................................................................................148
B.9 Environmental Standards........................................................................................................................................... 148
C Glossary...................................................................................................................................... 150
Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

Product Description (Split LH) 1 Introduction
1 Introduction
About This Chapter
The OptiX RTN 980L is a long haul microwave product in the OptiX RTN radio transmission
system series.
1.1 Network Application

The OptiX RTN 980L is a long haul IP radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It
provides a large capacity and supports long haul radio transmission. It mainly applies to long
haul trunk and metropolitan backbone networks.
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 980L long haul system is composed of a powerful TDM/Hybrid/Packet
integrated IDU 980L, a high-performance high-power radio frequency unit (RFU), and a
scalable branching unit (BU).
1.3 Product Highlights
Huawei OptiX RTN 900 series are IP microwave products that constantly apply leading
technologies and create values for customers.
Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.1 Network Application

The OptiX RTN 980L is a long haul IP radio transmission system developed by Huawei. It
provides a large capacity and supports long haul radio transmission. It mainly applies to long
haul trunk and metropolitan backbone networks.
The OptiX RTN 980L long haul radio solution is available in the split and integrated (full
indoor) models. RFUs and IDUs are not distinguished in the split and integrated solutions.
This document focuses on the split solution.
NOTE
Unless otherwise specified:
l All descriptions are about the split OptiX RTN 980L.
l All branching units (BUs) refer to outdoor BUs in the split long haul solution.
The OptiX RTN 980L can transmit Ethernet and SDH/PDH services separately or in hybrid
mode. The OptiX RTN 980L supports N+0 (N ≤ 14) and N+1 (N ≤ 11) configurations for
microwave links. Two cascaded OptiX RTN 980Ls support 16+0 configurations for radio
links through one antenna. The OptiX RTN 980L applies to the following scenarios:
l Large-capacity and long haul trunk transmission

l Large-capacity microwave ring network
l Aggregation and backhaul on a mobile network
The OptiX RTN 980L can form a chain or ring network and aggregate services from other
RTN short haul microwave equipment through its air interface.
Figure 1-1 OptiX RTN 980L long haul radio solution
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 980L long haul system is composed of a powerful TDM/Hybrid/Packet
integrated IDU 980L, a high-performance high-power radio frequency unit (RFU), and a
scalable branching unit (BU).

Overview
OptiX RTN 980L supports split structure.
l An IDU connects to an RFU through an IF cable.
l An RFU is directly mounted on a BU.
l A BU connects to an antenna through a flexible waveguide. In space diversity (SD)
mode, a BU connects to an SD antenna through an elliptical waveguide or an SD cable.
Figure 1-2 uses a common BU as an example to describe the OptiX RTN 980L long haul
system.
Figure 1-2 OptiX RTN 980L long haul system
IDU 980L
The IDU 980L is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 980L Long Haul system. It receives and
multiplexes services, performs switching and IF processing of services, and provides system
control and communication functions. Table 1-1 lists basic information about the IDU 980L.
Table 1-1 Basic information about the IDU 980L

Item Description
Chassis height 5U
Pluggable Supported
Number of radio directions 1 to 14 (L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz)

(Long Haul) 1 to 12 (5 GHz)

Item Description
RF configuration mode l N+0 non-protection

(Long Haul) – N ≤ 14 (L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz)
– N ≤ 12 (5 GHz)
l N+1 protection (N ≤ 11)
l 1+1 FD protection
l XPIC configuration
Service interface type l E1 interface

l STM-1 optical/electrical interface
l STM-4 optical interface
l FE optical/electrical interface
l GE optical/electrical interface
l 10 GE optical interface
Figure 1-3 Appearance of the IDU 980L
RFU
An RFU is the transceiver of the OptiX RTN 980L Long Haul system. It performs functions
such as frequency conversion and amplification of signals.
RFUs are available in two types according to support space diversity receiver or not:
l RFU-SD: space diversity (SD) receiver and IF combination supported. It provides three
RF ports: Tx, Main Rx and SD Rx.
l RFU-NonSD: SD not supported. It provides two RF ports: Tx and Rx. It provides a cost-
effective solution for scenarios with relatively good propagation conditions.
Mechanical specifications of an RFU-SD and an RFU-NonSD are the same. Figure 1-4
shows the appearance of an RFU-SD.

The appearance of RFUs at the 5 GHz frequency band is different from that of RFUs at other
frequency bands. The heat sink fin is in vertical direction, as shown in Figure 1-5.
Table 1-2 RFU supported by the OptiX RTN 980L
Item Description
Series type XMC-LH

name
Frequency band 5/L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz
Modulation QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM/512QAM/
scheme 1024QAM
Channel spacing 28/40/56 MHz (5/U6/8/11 GHz)

28/56 MHz (L6/7 GHz)
Figure 1-4 Appearance of an RFU
Figure 1-5 Appearance of an RFU (5G Hz)

Common BU
NOTE
The appearance of the 3+0 BU is similar to that of the 4+0 BU. The area without a RFU port is covered with
a panel (see Figure 1-7). In this example, the 4+0 BU is used.
The BU is the signal combiner and splitter of the OptiX RTN 980L Long Haul system. A BU
combines four channels of RF signals from RFUs into one for transmission. BUs can be also
cascaded.
A common BU supports the L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz frequency band.
BUs are available in two types: SD supported (BU-SD) and SD not supported (BU-NonSD).
Figure 1-6 shows the appearance of a BU-SD.
Figure 1-6 Appearance of a BU (4+0 BU-SD)
Figure 1-7 Appearance of a BU (3+0 BU-SD)
Compact BU
A compact BU has the same functions as a common BU but features smaller dimensions. A
compact BU consists of one circulator module and a maximum of four filter modules. Filter
modules for different frequencies are interchangable. Figure 1-8 shows the appearance of a
compact BU (4+0 BU-SD). For a compact BU (3+0/2+0/1+0 BU-SD), if no filter module is
installed on the filter port of the circulator module, install a filter plane on the port for
protection.
A compact BU supports the 5 GHz frequency band.

Figure 1-8 Appearance of a compact BU (4+0 BU-SD)
Figure 1-9 Appearance of a compact BU (3+0 BU-SD)
1.3 Product Highlights

Huawei OptiX RTN 900 series are IP microwave products that constantly apply leading
technologies and create values for customers.
This section describes main highlights of OptiX RTN 980L V100R009C10.
10GE Port
The OptiX RTN 980L supports 10GE interface boards (EX1) and therefore is capable of
providing large-capacity upstream links for aggregation sites or forming a 10GE ring network
or a supplementary network for an optical fiber network.

l Upstream links for aggregation sites

The upstream capacity of an aggregation site with multiple microwave directions
typically exceeds 1 Gbit/s. A single port on EX1 can provide 10 Gbit/s bandwidth,
eliminating the need for LAG-based load sharing among multiple GE ports. This
effectively reduces deployment costs and simplifies installation.
Figure 1-10 10GE upstream link for an aggregation site
Regional
network
RTN PTN/ATN/OSN RTN PTN/ATN/OSN
GE board
GE board EX1
GE board 10GE board
10GE board 10GE
GE board
LAG (nxGE)
l Forming 10GE rings

The OptiX RTN 980L that houses EX1 boards can directly form 10GE rings with Metro
equipment. This reduces CAPEX in network deployment because no intermediate
equipment is required.

Figure 1-11 10GE ring
Metro network
10GE Ring
Radio network
Metro network
10GE Ring
Radio network
l Service access in fiber complement scenarios

The OptiX RTN 980L supports large-capacity air-interface LAG or EPLA. EX1 boards
can provide service access in scenarios where fiber deployment is difficult, forming
microwave/fiber hybrid rings.
NOTE
The maximum throughput of an EPLA group is 10 Gbit/s.
Figure 1-12 Supplementary network for an optical fiber network

Radio links
(EPLA)
10GE Ring
Flexibility in Deployment and Network Expansion

The OptiX RTN 980L adopts standalone Branching units. It can be flexibly deployed to meet
the requirements of network expansion and evolution.
l Standalone BUs simplify the installation of the OptiX RTN 980L. To be specific, the
RFU, which connects to the IDU through IF cables, is mounted to the BU.
l Radio capacity can be smoothly upgraded. 4+0, radio links can be easily upgraded to
8+0, or 12+0 radio links through BU cascading.

l Radio links are not service-specific. By adding or replacing service interface boards,
SDH services can be smoothly upgraded to Ethernet services and co-transmission of
SDH and Ethernet services can be achieved.
Large-capacity IP Microwave with High Transmission Efficiency

The OptiX RTN 980L is a Hybrid/Packet integrated IP radio system providing high
bandwidth and efficient transmission.
Table 1-3 High-capacity transmission technologies

Feature Description
N+1 protection For SDH radio, an N+1 protection group provides N working
channels and one protection channel. Each channel can transmit
1xSTM-1 or 2xSTM-1 services. When the working channels are
functioning properly, the protection channel can transmit extra
services.
For integrated IP microwave, N+1 protection provides one
protection channel to protect N working channels for TDM
services and protects packet services through load sharing.
LAG at air interfaces This feature applies to N+0 radio links. The link aggregation
group (LAG) implements load sharing by MAC address, IP
address, or MPLS label.
Physical link Implements load sharing based on availability of physical layer

aggregation bandwidth and enables the backhaul of large-granular services.
Frame header Supports compression of Ethernet frame headers and IP headers.

compression at air The radio link throughput per each 56 MHz channel can be 430
interfaces Mbit/s to 1000 Mbit/s.
Adaptive Modulation The adaptive modulation (AM) function enables the adjustment
of modulation schemes based on channel quality. When
conditions for channel quality are favorable, the AM function
serves to improve transmission efficiency. When conditions for
channel quality deteriorate, the AM function serves to ensure the
availability of high-priority services.
XPIC The cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) and co-

channel dual-polarization (CCDP) technologies work together to
double the radio link capacity over one channel.
Highly Reliable Long-haul Microwave Transmission

l The OptiX RTN 980L supports receive space diversity (SD), which can counteract
multipath fading caused by long-haul transmission or seas/lakes.
l The OptiX RTN 980L supports complete protection schemes to construct highly reliable
network

Seamlessly Integrated Networking Technologies

l The OptiX RTN 980L is capable of directly interconnecting with OptiX RTN 900 short-
haul products through air interfaces to implement long-haul transmission of aggregated
services.
l The OptiX RTN 980L provides 10GE ports to form 10GE rings or supplementary
networks for optical fiber networks in areas where optical fibers are difficult to lay out.

Product Description (Split LH) 2 Functions and Features
2 Functions and Features
About This Chapter
The OptiX RTN 980L provides a wide assortment of functions and features to ensure the
quality and efficiency of service transmission.
2.1 Microwave Types

The OptiX RTN 980L supports Integrated IP microwave and SDH microwave.
2.2 Modulation Strategy
OptiX RTN 980L supports fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes
The OptiX RTN 980L supports multiple RF configuration modes.
2.4 Space Diversity and IF Combination
The space diversity (SD) and IF combination technologies counteract selective frequency
fading due to the multipath effect.
2.5 EPLA
Enhanced physical link aggregation (EPLA) aggregates multiple microwave links into a
logical channel by load sharing depended on physical bandwidth of each links.
2.6 N+1 Protection
N+1 protection refers to the protection configuration that N working microwave channels in a
microwave direction share one protection microwave channel.
2.7 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation
Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used together with co-
channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the
wireless link capacity over the same channel.
2.8 Automatic Transmit Power Control
Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter to
automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range.
This feature reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.
2.9 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 980L is a high-capacity device.

2.10 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 980L provides a variety of interfaces.
2.11 MPLS/PWE3 Functions
The OptiX RTN 980L uses an MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as the
packet forwarding mechanism for packet transmission of carrier-class services. The OptiX
RTN 980L uses PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement MPLS
network access for various types of services.
2.12 Ethernet Service Processing Capability
The OptiX RTN 980L has powerful Ethernet service processing capability.
2.13 Hierarchy VPN Functions
The OptiX RTN 980L that uses a CSHLU board supports hierarchy VPN functions. The
OptiX RTN 980L can function only as cell site gateway (CSG).
2.14 Native IP Functions
The OptiX RTN 980L supports Native IP functions when using a CSHLU board. The OptiX
RTN 980L can serve only as a cell site gateway (CSG).
2.15 QoS
The OptiX RTN 980L provides improved quality of service (QoS) and supports the following
eight types of per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7.
Therefore, network carriers can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build
networks that carry data, voice, and video services.
2.16 Clock Features
The OptiX RTN 980L supports clock synchronization and IEEE 1588v2 time
synchronization, meeting the clock and time synchronization requirements of mobile
networks. In addition, the OptiX RTN 980L provides an advanced clock protection
mechanism.
2.17 Protection Capability
The OptiX RTN 980L provides various protection schemes.
2.18 Network Management
The OptiX RTN 980L supports multiple network management (NM) modes and provides
comprehensive NM information exchange schemes.
2.19 Easy Installation
The OptiX RTN 980L supports several installation modes. That is, the installation is flexible
and convenient.
2.20 Easy Maintenance
The OptiX RTN 980L provides plentiful maintenance features.
2.21 Security Management
The OptiX RTN 980L can prevent unauthorized logins and operations, ensuring equipment
management security.
2.22 Energy Saving
The OptiX RTN 980L uses various types of technologies to reduce the amount of energy that
the device consumes. The device:
2.23 Environmental Protection
The OptiX RTN 980L is designed to meet or exceed environmental protection requirements.
The product complies with the RoHS directive and WEEE directive.

2.1 Microwave Types

The OptiX RTN 980L supports Integrated IP microwave and SDH microwave.
2.1.1 SDH Microwave

The SDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits SDH services.
Unlike conventional SDH microwave equipment, the OptiX RTN 980L has a built-in MADM.
The MADM grooms services to the microwave port through cross-connections, maps the
services into the STM-1-based or 2xSTM-1-based microwave frames, and then transmits the
frames. With this capability, services are flexibly groomed and the optical network and the
microwave network are seamlessly converged.
Figure 2-1 SDH microwave

IDU
SDH RFU SDH radio
OH MADM OH
…… ……
E1
2.1.2 Hybrid/Packet Integrated IP Microwave

The Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave (Integrated IP microwave for short) can transmit
one type among or a combination of Native TDM services, Native Ethernet services, and
PWE3 packet services according to software settings. Therefore, the Integrated IP microwave
achieves a smooth upgrade from Hybrid microwave to Packet microwave.
IP Microwave Classification
IP microwave can transmit packet services and support the AM function. The packet services
transmitted can be Native Ethernet services or packet services encapsulated in PWE3.
Conventional IP microwave is divided into two different types: Hybrid microwave and Packet
microwave.
l Hybrid microwave: Native TDM services and Native Ethernet services can be
transmitted through the air interface.
l Packet microwave: TDM services, ATM/IMA services, and Ethernet services after
PWE3 encapsulation are transmitted through the air interface.

As IP microwave evolves, the OptiX RTN 980L supports Integrated IP microwave. As a

result, the equipment can support Hybrid microwave and Packet microwave at the same time,
and can simultaneously transmit multiple types of services at air interfaces.
Integrated IP microwave
To achieve flexible grooming of TDM services and packet services on the Integrated IP
microwave, dual service planes are embedded in the OptiX RTN 980L: TDM service
processing plane and packet service processing plane. TDM services and packet services can
be flexibly transmitted over the Integrated IP microwave, as shown in Figure 2-2.
l TDM service processing plane
Performs cross-connections on the incoming TDM services (E1 services or STM-1
services), and transmits the services to the microwave ports.
l Packet service processing plane
Performs PWE3 emulation on the incoming services (E1 services, ATM/IMA services,
and Ethernet services), encapsulates them into the MPLS packets, and transmits the
Ethernet frames that bear the MPLS packets to the microwave ports. However, Ethernet
services can be directly transmitted to the microwave ports in Native mode after Layer 2
switching.
Native TDM services, MPLS packets, or Native Ethernet services need to be groomed to the
microwave port, encapsulated into microwave frames, and then transmitted on microwave
links. The Integrated IP microwave serves as Hybrid microwave when TDM services are
scheduled to the microwave port over the TDM service processing plane and Ethernet
services are scheduled to the microwave port over the packet service processing plane; the
Integrated IP microwave serves as Packet microwave when TDM services are encapsulated
into MPLS/PWE3 packets on the packet service processing plane and then scheduled to the
microwave port.

Figure 2-2 Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave
Native TDM channel (E1 or STM-1)
Native Ethernet
Hybrid radio
IDU
STM-1/4 RFU Native TDM channel (E1 or STM-1)

TDM
E1 cross-connect Native
matrix Ethernet
IMA E1
TDM PWE3 (CES E1)
MPLS
ATM PWE3
tunnel
PWE3 ETH
Packet PWE3
switching
Layer2 Mixed service in evolution
FE/GE Process
Native
Ethernet
TDM PWE3 (CES E1)

MPLS ATM PWE3
tunnel
ETH
PWE3
Pure Packet radio
The Integrated IP radio supports smooth upgrade
The Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave has the following features:
l Transmits one, or several of the TDM services, MPLS/PWE3 services, and Native
Ethernet services.
l Supports the AM function. E1 services and packet services can be configured with
priority. When AM is switched to the reference mode, the services with higher priority
are transmitted with preference.
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L supports VLAN sub-interfaces, therefore transmitting MPLS/PWE3 Ethernet
services and Native Ethernet services over one port.
2.2 Modulation Strategy

OptiX RTN 980L supports fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation

Fixed modulation refers to a modulation policy in which a modulation scheme is adopted
invariably to provide constant air interface bandwidth for a running radio link.
When the OptiX RTN 980L uses fixed modulation, the modulation scheme and the channel
spacing can be set by using software.

l The SDH radio link uses fixed modulation.

l The Integrated IP microwave link supports fixed modulation. Various combinations of
modulation schemes and channel spacings can be set.
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation

The adaptive modulation (AM) technology adjusts the modulation scheme automatically
based on channel quality.
Modulation Scheme and Air-interface Capacity

When the AM technology is adopted, in the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave
service bandwidth varies according to the modulation scheme; the higher the modulation
efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services.
l When the channel quality is good (such as on days when weather conditions are
favorable), the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit more
user services. This improves transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization of the
system.
l When the channel quality deteriorates (such as on days with adverse weather), the
equipment adopts a low-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit only higher-priority
services within the available bandwidth while discarding lower-priority services. This
method improves anti-interference capabilities of the radio link, which helps ensure the
link availability for higher-priority services.
Modulation Scheme Shift and Service Priorities

In Integrated IP microwave mode, the equipment supports the AM technology. With
configurable priorities for E1 services and packet services, the transmission is controlled
based on the service bandwidth and QoS policies corresponding to the current modulation
scheme. The highest-priority services are transmitted with precedence.
NOTE
In Integrated IP microwave mode, when the equipment transmits STM-1 services and packet services at
the same time, STM-1 services have highest priority and their transmission is ensured.
l Priorities of E1 services
The priorities of E1 services are assigned based on the number of E1 services that each
modulation scheme can transmit. When modulation scheme switching occurs, only the
E1 services whose number is specified in the new modulation scheme can be transmitted
and the excess E1 services are discarded.
l Priorities of packet services
With the QoS technology, packet services are scheduled to queues with different
priorities. The services in different queues are transmitted to the microwave port after
running the queue scheduling algorithm. When modulation scheme switching occurs,
certain queues may be congested due to insufficient capacity at the air interface. As a
result, certain services or all the services in these queues are discarded.
Adaptive Modulation
Figure 2-3 shows the service changes caused by shifts among six modulation schemes as an
example. The orange part indicates E1 services. The blue part indicates packet services. The
closer the service is to the outside of the cylinder in the figure, the lower the service priority.

Under all channel conditions, the service capacity varies according to the modulation scheme.
When the channel conditions are unfavorable (during adverse weather conditions), lower-
priority services are discarded.
Figure 2-3 Adaptive modulation
Channel AM dowm-shift AM up-shift

Capability
E1 Services Ethernet Services
Characteristics
The AM technology used by the OptiX RTN 980L Long haul microwave has the following
characteristics:
l The lowest-efficiency modulation scheme (also called reference scheme or modulation
scheme of guaranteed capacity) and the highest-efficiency modulation scheme (also
called nominal scheme or modulation scheme of full capacity) used by the AM can be
configured.
For modulation schemes that Integrated IP microwave IF boards support, see 6.1.1 Air
Interface Capacity.
l In AM, when modulation schemes are switched, the transmit frequency, receive
frequency, and channel spacing remain unchanged.
l In AM, modulation schemes are switched step-by-step.
l In AM, modulation scheme switching is hitless. When the modulation scheme is
downshifted, high-priority services will not be affected when low-priority services are
discarded. The switching is successful even when 100 dB/s channel fast fading occurs.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX RTN 980L supports multiple RF configuration modes.
RF Link Configuration
Table 2-1 shows the configuration modes supported by the OptiX RTN 980L.

Table 2-1 RF configuration modes (Long haul microwave)

Configuration Mode Description
N+0 non-protection Multiple N+0 groups are supported.

configuration When N = 2,
l N ≤ 12 (5 GHz) l a maximum of six groups are supported. (5 GHz)
l N ≤ 14 (L6/U6/7/8/11 l a maximum of seven groups are supported. (L6/
GHz) U6/7/8/11 GHz)
N+1 protection configuration A maximum of two enhanced N+1 groups are supported.
l Common mode: N ≤ 7 (When a CSHL board is used)
l Enhanced mode: N ≤ 11 A maximum of four enhanced N+1 groups are supported.
(When a CSHLU board is used)
A maximum of seven common N+1 groups are supported.
1+1 FD protection A maximum of seven 1+1 FD groups are supported.

configuration
XPIC configuration A maximum of seven XPIC groups are supported.

XPIC configurations can couple with the N+0, N+1, or
1+1 FD configuration.
NOTE
OptiX RTN 980L supports flexible microwave link configurations (namely, any combination of N+0, N
+1, and 1 + 1 protection groups) only if the configurations do not exceed the maximum number of
allowed microwave link.
Channel Configuration
The OptiX RTN 980L supports adjacent channel alternative-polarization (ACAP), adjacent
channel co-polarization (ACCP), and co-channel dual polarized (CCDP) at 28 MHz, 40 MHz,
or 56 MHz channels using various modulation schemes.
Figure 2-4 ACAP configuration

Adjacent Channel Alternative-Polarization (ACAP)
V polarization
1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8 Frequency
H polarization

Figure 2-5 ACCP configuration

Adjacent Channel Co-Polarization(ACCP)
V polarization
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
H polarization
Figure 2-6 CCDP configuration

Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP)
V polarization
1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8 Frequency
H polarization
2.4 Space Diversity and IF Combination

The space diversity (SD) and IF combination technologies counteract selective frequency
fading due to the multipath effect.
SD technology is typically used to counteract multipath fading, which is likely to occur in

long-haul microwave links or microwave links with severe surface reflection (such as lake/sea
surface reflection). If the SD technology is used, two antennas are used to receive signals
from the transmit end. If the distance between the two antennas is much longer than the
wavelength, signals received by the two antennas are considered not correlated to each other.
An RFU-SD supports SD reception and IF combination. Because the propagation paths of the
two channels of signals are different, fading is not likely to occur simultaneously or from the
same notch position. An RFU-SD provides two RF receivers to receive two channels of RF
signals respectively from a main antenna and an SD antenna. After down-converting RF
signals to IF signals, an RFU-SD selects one channel of higher-quality signals or combines
two channels of signals into one at its IF combiner, and sends the channel of IF signals to an
IF board, as shown in following figure.
If the receive power of the main and diversity antennas is about the same, using IF
combination can improve the system gain by about 2.5 dB.

Figure 2-7 SD and IF combination
2.5 EPLA
Enhanced physical link aggregation (EPLA) aggregates multiple microwave links into a
logical channel by load sharing depended on physical bandwidth of each links.
When a CSHLU is used, EPLA supported by the OptiX RTN 980L aggregates all Ethernet
transmission paths in N (N ≤ 16) integrated IP microwave links into a logical Ethernet link as
shown in Figure 2-8. EPLA has the following characteristics:
l EPLA allocates Ethernet traffic based on the Ethernet bandwidth over each member
microwave link to achieve almost the same Ethernet bandwidth utilization on member
links.
Air-interface LAG uses the Hash algorithm to implement load sharing, and link balance
depends on service flows.
l EPLA can also protect links. If one or more links are faulty, services are re-allocated to
normal links. In this case, lower-priority services exceeding the total bandwidth are
discarded.
NOTE
Physical link aggregation (PLA) is also called L1 LAG. The OptiX RTN 980L also supports basic PLA. A
basic PLA group aggregates two physical microwave links.
Figure 2-8 EPLA

2.6 N+1 Protection

N+1 protection refers to the protection configuration that N working microwave channels in a
microwave direction share one protection microwave channel.
N+1 protection provides protection for microwave channels. The IF board, RFU, and
microwave link on the working channel can be protected through N+1 protection.
l An N+1 protection group provides N working channels and one protection channel for
TDM services carried by SDH radio or integrated IP radio. When a working channel
becomes faulty, the normal services on the working channel are switched to the
protection channel for transmission. When all the working channels are normal, the
protection channel can be used to transmit extra services. For details, see Figure 2-9.
l An N+1 protection group protects Ethernet services carried by integrated IP radio
through load sharing among N+1 links. An enhanced N+1 protection group is
implemented similarly to an EPLA group, and common N+1 protection is implemented
similarly to an air-interface LAG group.
Figure 2-9 N+1 protection for TDM services

Site A Working Site B
channel 1
Normal Normal
service 1 service1
... Working ...
Normal channel N
Normal
service N service N
Protection
Extra channel Extra
service service
Protection switching
Working
Site A channel 1 Site B
Normal Normal
service 1 service1
... Working ...
Normal channel N
Normal
service N service N
Protection
Extra channel Extra
service service
2.7 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation

Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used together with co-
channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the
wireless link capacity over the same channel.
CCDP transmission adopts a horizontally polarized wave and a vertically polarized wave on
one channel to transmit two channels of signals. Ideally, for CCDP transmissions, there will
not be any interference between the two orthogonal signals although they are on the same
frequency. In actual practice, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, interference

between the signals inevitably occurs due to cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the
antenna and channel degradation. To cancel the interference, XPIC technology is used to
receive signals horizontally and vertically. The signals in the two directions are then
processed and the original signals are recovered from interfered signals.
Figure 2-10 CCDP channel configuration and XPIC technology

Site A Site B
Modem Modem
RFU 1 f1 RFU 1
Service f1 f1 Service
H
V
Service f1 f1 Service
RFU 2 RFU 2
Modem Modem
H Horizontal polarization service signal
V Vertical polarization service signal
2.8 Automatic Transmit Power Control

Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter to
automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range.
This feature reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.
Figure 2-11 Relationship between the RSL and TSL
TSL/RSL
TSL
Up-fading
Central value of the ATPC 2 dB

upper threshold and the RSL
ATPC lower threshold 2 dB
Down-fading
T
2.9 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 980L is a high-capacity device.

2.9.1 Air Interface Capacity

Air interface capacity refers to the service capacity of a microwave link.
The air interface capacity depends on the microwave work mode. Table 2-2 lists the
maximum air interface capacity of a 56 MHz microwave link. Air interface capacities
described in this section are the maximum capacities over a single microwave link. With the
help of N+1, LAG, and PLA functions, larger air-interface capacities are supported between
microwave sites.
Table 2-2 Maximum Air Interface Capacity

Microwave Link Maximum Air Interface Capacity
Integrated IP l Maximum Ethernet throughput

microwave – 440 Mbit/s to 558 Mbit/s (none-XPIC)
– 426 Mbit/s to 540 Mbit/s (XPIC)
l Maximum number of E1s (E1 + Ethernet mode): 75 x E1
l Maximum number of STM-1s (STM-1 + Ethernet mode): 2 x
STM-1
SDH radio 2xSTM-1

NOTE
l OptiX RTN 980L support frame header compression at air interfaces, and their equivalent
throughout of Ethernet services at air interfaces can reach up to 1000 Mbit/s. For details, see
Microwave Work Modes.
l The XPIC function doubles the service capacity of the microwave channel at the same frequency
bandwidth.
2.9.2 Cross-Connect Capacity

The OptiX RTN 980L has a built-in MADM and provides 128x128 VC-4 higher order cross-
connections and VC-12/VC-3 lower order cross-connections equivalent to 32x32 VC-4s.
2.9.3 Switching Capacity

The OptiX RTN 980L has a built-in packet switching platform with the switching capacity of
43 Gbit/s (with CSHL) or 120 Gbit/s (with CSHLU).
2.10 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 980L provides a variety of interfaces.
2.10.1 Service Ports

The OptiX RTN 980L provides the ports that converge SDH services and Ethernet services on
the system control, switching, and timing board, and it is able to provide a wide-assortment of
service ports by configuring proper service interface boards.

Table 2-3 lists the types and number of service ports that the system control, switching, and
timing board supports for the OptiX RTN 980L
Table 2-3 Types and number of service ports that the system control, switching, and timing
board supports
System Service Port Quantity

Control,
Switching,
and Timing
Board
CSHL GE electrical port (RJ45) or GE/FE optical port (SFP) 2
GE electrical port (RJ45) 2
STM-4 optical port (SFP), or STM-1 optical/ 2

electrical port (SFP)
CSHLU 10GE optical port (SFP+), 2.5GE optical port (SFP+/ 1

SFP), or GE optical port (SFP)
2.5GE optical port (SFP+/SFP) or GE optical port 2

(SFP)
STM-4 optical port (SFP), or STM-1 optical/ 2

electrical port (SFP)
NOTE
The CSHL board provides four GE ports, of which two can be GE electrical ports (RJ45) or GE optical
ports (SFP), and the other two can be only GE electrical (RJ45) ports.
Table 2-4 lists the types and number of service ports that each service interface board
supports for the OptiX RTN 980L.
Table 2-4 Types and number of service ports that each service interface board supports
Service Interface Service Port Quantity

Board
EM6T FE electrical port (RJ45) 4
EM6F FE electrical port (RJ45) 4
GE electrical port (SFP) or GE/FE optical 2

port (SFP)
EG4 GE electrical port (RJ45) or GE/FE optical 2

port (SFP)

Service Interface Service Port Quantity

Board
EG4P GE electrical port (RJ45) or GE/FE optical 2

port (SFP)
GE electrical port with power supply 2

(RJ45)d
EX1 10GE optical port (SFP) 1
EFP8 FE electrical port (RJ45) 8
EMS6 FE electrical port (RJ45) 4
GE electrical port (SFP) or GE optical port 2

(SFP)
SP3S 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 port 16
SP3D 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 port 32
CQ1 Channelized STM-1c electrical port (SFP) 4

or Channelized STM-1 optical port (SFP)
SL1DA STM-1 electrical port (SFP) or STM-1 2

optical port (SFP)
ML1 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1a port: 16

supports CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, ML-PPP
E1, and Fractional E1b
MD1 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1 port: supports 32

CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, ML-PPP E1, and
Fractional E1
NOTE
l a: Smart E1 ports support multiple protocols through software configuration. Smart E1 ports on the OptiX
RTN 980L support CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, ML-PPP and Fractional E1.
l b: Fractional E1 ports can use specific 64 kbit/s timeslots in framed E1 services. If the E1 port is applied
to Fractional CES, certain timeslots in E1 services are emulated. If the E1 port is applied to Fractional
IMA, certain timeslots in E1 services serve as the member links of IMA groups.
l c: Channelized STM-1 ports (c-STM-1) support the channelization of STM-1 into 63 E1 channels. The
E1 channels support CES and ML-PPP.
l d: If an EG4P board powers an RTN 980L through PoE, carefully plan the power consumption within the
allowed range. For details, contact Huawei.
2.10.2 Management and Auxiliary Ports

Management and Auxiliary Ports
Table 2-5 Types and number of management and auxiliary ports

Port Description Quantity (board)
External clock 2,048 kbit/s or 2,048 kHz clock input 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)

porta and output port
External time External time input or output port 2 (CSHL/CSHLU)

porta, b (RS-422 level, 1PPS+TOD or DCLS
format)
Management port 10/100BASE-T(X) NM portd 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)
NM serial portd 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)
10/100BASE-T(X) NM cascading 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)

port
Auxiliary port Orderwire port 1 (AUX)
RS-232 asynchronous data port 1 (AUX)
64 kbit/s synchronous data portc 1 (AUX)
Wayside E1 porta 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)
Alarm port Alarm input port 4 (AUX)

3 (CSHL/CSHLU)
Alarm output port 2 (AUX)

1 (CSHL/CSHLU)
Outdoor cabinet RS-485 outdoor cabinet monitoring 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)

monitoring portb port
Type-A USB port USB port for USB flash drive: 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)
l Supports database backup,
database restoration, and NE
software upgrades using a USB
flash drive.
l Supports the installation of the
WLAN module so that the Mobile
LCT can be connected for NE
management.
Mini USB port USB port for NMS, supporting NE 1 (CSHL/CSHLU)

management when the Web LCT is
connected.

NOTE
l a: The external clock port, external time port 1, and wayside E1 port are combined into one physical port.
This port can also transparently transmit the DCC bytes, orderwire overhead bytes, and synchronous/
asynchronous data overhead bytes. However, this port can implement only one function at a time.
l b: External time port 2 and the outdoor cabinet monitoring port are combined into one physical port. This
port can implement only one function at a time.
l c: The 64 kbit/s synchronous data port can transparently transmit the orderwire byte. However, one port
can implement only one of the following two functions: 64 kbit/s synchronous data port and transparent
transmission of the orderwire byte.
l d: NM port and NM serial port are combined into one physical port.
l The number of external clock ports or the number of management ports listed in the table is the number of
ports provided by one Control, switching, and timing board.
Auxiliary Service Channel

Auxiliary services and NM messages are transmitted by overhead bytes over a radio link. For
details, see Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Auxiliary services channels provided by each microwave port
Service/Message Type Microwave Frame Overhead
Quantity of Paths Path Rate
Asynchronous data 1 ≤ 19.2 kbit/s

service
Synchronous data service 1 64 kbit/s
Orderwire phone service 1 64 kbit/s
Wayside E1 service 1 2048 kbit/s (in the SDH radio link)
DCC path 1 l 192 kbit/s, 576kbit/s, or 768kbit/s

(in the SDH radio link)
l 192 kbit/s (in Integrated IP
microwave link)
2.11 MPLS/PWE3 Functions

The OptiX RTN 980L uses an MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as the
packet forwarding mechanism for packet transmission of carrier-class services. The OptiX
RTN 980L uses PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement MPLS
network access for various types of services.
Table 2-7 MPLS/PWE3 functions
Function and Feature Description
MPLS Setup mode Static LSPs

tunnel

Bearer mode l Ethernet port

l IP microwave port
l MLPPP link
VLAN subinterface Supported
Protection 1:1 MPLS tunnel APS
OAM l MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T

Y.1710 and ITU-T Y.1711
l MPLS-TP LSP OAM that complies with
ITU-T Y.1731
l LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions
PWE3 TDM PWE3 Emulation l SAToP

mode l CESoPSN
Packet loading 125 μs to 5000 μs

time
Jitter l 375 μs to 16000 μs (for TDM PWE3

compensation services carried on Smart E1 boards)
buffering time l 875 μs to 16000 μs (for TDM PWE3
services carried on channelized STM-1
boards)
ATM PWE3 Mapping mode l 1-to-1 ATM VCC mapping

l N-to-1 ATM VCC mapping
l 1-to-1 ATM VPC mapping
l N-to-1 ATM VPC mapping
Maximum 31
number of
concatenated
cells
Cell 100 μs to 50000 μs

concatenation
wait time
Transparently Supported
transmitted
ATM service
ETH PWE3 Encapsulation l Raw mode

mode l Tagged mode
Service type l E-Line

l E-Aggr
l E-LAN (VPLS)

Setup mode Static PWs
Control Word supported
Number of PWs Supports a maximum of 1024 PWs.
Protection l 1:1 PW APS

l 1:1 PW FPS
OAM l PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.

1710 and ITU-T Y.1711
l MPLS-TP PW OAM that complies with
ITU-T Y.1731
l VCCV
l PW ping and PW traceroute functions
l ITU-T Y.1731-compliant packet loss
measurement, delay measurement, and
delay variation measurement
l One-click PWE3 service fault diagnosis
MS-PW Supported
Configurable bandwidth Supported
2.12 Ethernet Service Processing Capability

The OptiX RTN 980L has powerful Ethernet service processing capability.
Table 2-8 Ethernet service processing capability

Item Description
Ethernet service l Native Ethernet services: E-Line service and E-LAN service
type l PW-carried Ethernet services: E-Line service, E-Aggr service, and
E-LAN (VPLS) service
Range of 1518 bytes to 9600 bytes

maximum frame
length
VLAN l Adds, deletes, and switches VLAN tags that comply with IEEE
802.1q/p, and forwards packets based on VLAN tags.
l Processes packets based on the port tag attribute (Tag/Hybrid/
Access).
l The VLAN ID ranges from 1 to 4094.

Item Description
MAC address l The E-LAN service supports the MAC address self learning
capability in two learning modes: SVL and IVL.
l MAC addresses can be filtered; that is, MAC addresses can be
blacklisted.
l Static MAC address entries can be set.
l The capacity of the MAC address table is 16 k (including static
entities and blacklist entities).
l The MAC address aging time can be configured.
Spanning tree Supports the MSTP protocol, and generates only the Common and
Internal Spanning Tree (CIST). The functions of the MSTP protocol
are equal to those of the RSTP protocol.
IGMP Snooping Supported
Link aggregation Applies to the FE/GE port and microwave port.

(LAG) l Supports manual aggregation and static aggregation
l Supports load sharing and non-load sharing.
l The load sharing hash algorithm is implemented based on MAC
addresses, IP addresses, or MPLS labels, and supports the specified
mode and automatic mode.
Physical link Supports PLA and EPLA fucntions.

aggregation PLA and EPLA are Layer 1 link aggregation group (L1 LAG)
technology, which shares load based on the bandwidth at the physical
layer to achieve link aggregation.
l A PLA group supports a maximum of two member links.
l An EPLA group supports a maximum of sixteen member links.
ERPS Supports ITU-T G.8032v1/v2-compliant single-ring or multi-ring

network protection for Ethernet services.
LPT Disables the remote Ethernet port that is connected to the user
equipment when the transmission network or local port fails.
QoS Supports QoS. For details, see 2.15 QoS.
Traffic control Supports the IEEE 802.3x-compliant traffic control function.

function
ETH-OAM l Supports IEEE 802.1ag- and IEEE 802.3ah-compliant ETH-OAM

functions.
l Supports ITU-T Y.1731-compliant ETH-OAM functions, supports
packet loss measurement, delay measurement, and delay variation
measurement.

Item Description
Ethernet l Supports IETF RFC2819-compliant RMON performance

performance monitoring.
monitoring l Measures real-time and historical traffic and bandwidth utilization
for ports.
l Measures real-time and historical performance events for DS
domains, flows, VLANs, traffics on UNI side, PWs, and egress
queues.
l Measures packet loss due to congestion for flows.
l Measures packet loss due to congestion for PWs and egress queues.
Synchronous Supports ITU-T G.8261- and ITU-T G.8262-compliant synchronous

Ethernet Ethernet.
EoPDH Supported. The EFP8 board provides the EoPDH function.
EoSDH Supported. The EMS6 board provides the EoSDH function.
NOTE
l The E-Line service is an Ethernet private line service. The OptiX RTN 980L supports a maximum of
1024 E-Line services.
l For Native Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 980L supports E-Line services based on the port, port
+VLAN, and port+QinQ.
l For PW-carried Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 980L supports E-Line services based on the port,
and port+VLAN.
l The E-Aggr service is an Ethernet aggregation service. The OptiX RTN 980L supports E-Aggr services
from multiple UNIs to one PW and E-Aggr services from multiple PWs to one UNI. The OptiX RTN
980L supports a maximum of 128 E-Aggr services.
l The E-LAN service is an Ethernet local area network (LAN) service.
l For Native Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 980L supports the E-LAN service based on the 802.1d
bridge, 802.1q bridge, and 802.1ad bridge. The bridge supports a maximum of 1024 logical ports.
l For PW-carried Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 980L supports virtual private LAN services
(VPLS) based on virtual switch instances (VSI). The OptiX RTN 980L supports a maximum of
VSIs and 512 logical ports.
2.13 Hierarchy VPN Functions

The OptiX RTN 980L that uses a CSHLU board supports hierarchy VPN functions. The
OptiX RTN 980L can function only as cell site gateway (CSG).
Table 2-9 Hierarchy VPN functions
Function Description
IGP IS-IS protocol Single-area and single-process IS-IS
OSPF protocol Single-area OSPF

Tunnel Creation mode l RSVP-TE tunnel

l LDP LSP (only for carrying L3VPN services)
Protection l TE tunnel hot standby

l TE tunnel rerouting
l IGP fast convergence
L2VPN service Service type TDM PWE3 (CES)

ETH PWE3 (VLL)
Creation mode LDP PW
Protection PW redundancy
L3VPN service Service VPN routing and forwarding (VRF), using public
forwarding network labels and private network labels
Private-network BGP protocol (MP-iBGP), and EBGP protocol

route
advertisement
Local private Applicable only to direct routes and static routes

network routing
protocol
VPN FRR Supported
OAM LSP Ping/ Supported

Traceroute
RFC 2544 Supported
L3VPN Ping/ Supported

Traceroute
DHCP Relay Supported
VLANIF Supported
2.14 Native IP Functions

The OptiX RTN 980L supports Native IP functions when using a CSHLU board. The OptiX
RTN 980L can serve only as a cell site gateway (CSG).

Table 2-10 Native IP functions

Public routing Intermediate Multi-process IS-IS and multi-AS IS-IS are

protocols System to supported.
Intermediate
System (IS-IS)
Open Shortest Multi-area OSPF is supported.

Path First
(OSPF)
Tunnels Setup mode Native IP
Protection IGP fast convergence

schemes
L3VPN service Route EBGP Option A

advertisement
mode between
MCEs and PEs
Import mode of Direct routes and static routes

local VPN
routes
VPN FRR Supported
IP FRR Supported
OAM RFC 2544 Supported
DHCP Relay Supported
VLANIF Supported
2.15 QoS
The OptiX RTN 980L provides improved quality of service (QoS) and supports the following
eight types of per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7.
Therefore, network carriers can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build
networks that carry data, voice, and video services.

Table 2-11 QoS features

Feature Performance
DiffServ l For Ethernet services, supports mapping the Ethernet service into
different PHB service levels based on the C-VLAN priority, S-
VLAN priority, IP DSCP value, and MPLS EXP value.
l For ATM services, supports flexible mapping between the ATM
service categories (CBR, UBR, UBR+, rtVBR, and nrtVBR) and
PHB service levels.
l For CES services, the PHB service level of each CES service can
be set manually (EF by default).
Traffic Supports port traffic classification based on VLAN ID, VLAN priority,
classification MAC address, or DSCP. (when a CSHL board is used)
Supports port traffic classification based on MAC address, VLAN ID,
VLAN priority, IP address, DSCP, protocol type, Port number and
ICMP type. (when a CSHLU board is used)
Traffic policing Supports flow-based traffic policing and the setting of PIR and CIR in
steps of 64 kbit/s.
Queue scheduling l Each Ethernet port or Integrated IP microwave port supports eight
levels of priority scheduling.
l Flexibly sets the queue scheduling scheme for each Ethernet port
and Integrated IP microwave port. The queue scheduling modes
include SP, SP+WRR, and WRR.
Congestion Drops packets in tail drop mode or weighted random early detection
avoidance (WRED) mode.
Traffic shaping l Supports the shaping for the specified port, priority queue, or
service flow.
l Supports a step of 64 kbit/s for the PIR and CIR.
HQoS The CSHLU supports HQoS:

l For MPLS NNI ports, supports three levels of queue scheduling for
PWs, MPLS tunnels, and egress queues, and supports five levels of
rate limiting for PW flow, PWs, MPLS tunnels, egress queues, and
egress ports.
l For QinQ NNI ports, supports two levels of queue scheduling for
QinQ queues and egress queues, and supports four levels of rate
limiting for QinQ queues, QinQ, egress queues, and egress ports.
l For UNI ports, supports three levels of queue scheduling for V-UNI
egress queues, V-UNI egress groups, and egress queues, and
supports five levels of rate limiting for V-UNI egress queues, V-
UNI egress, VUNI egress groups, egress queues, and egress ports.

Figure 2-12 Typical QoS application (Native Ethernet services)

Packet
Switching
Ingress Egress
Queues Scheduling
Classifying Policing
CS7 Shaping
DiffServ Flow
CS6
Forwarding
EF
AF4
AF3
AF2
CAR Shaping
Mapping AF1
BE

Figure 2-13 Typical HQoS application (ETH PWE3 services)
Ingress
UNI PW Tunnel Port
PW
Tunnel
CAR
PW
Port
PW
CAR
PW
CAR
Tunnel
Egress
NNI V-UNI V-UNI Group Port
V-UNI
V-UNI
Group
V-UNI
Port
V-UNI
V-UNI
V-UNI
Group

2.16 Clock Features

The OptiX RTN 980L supports clock synchronization and IEEE 1588v2 time
synchronization, meeting the clock and time synchronization requirements of mobile
networks. In addition, the OptiX RTN 980L provides an advanced clock protection
mechanism.
Clock synchronization
Table 2-12 Clock synchronization features

Item Description
Equipment clock Supports the three modes as defined in ITU-T G.813:

tracing mode, holdover mode, and free-run mode.
Clock synchronization Supports the following clock sources:

l SDH line clock
l E1 tributary clock
l Radio link clock
l Synchronous Ethernet clock
l Channelized STM-1 line clock
l E1 clock of the E1 channel mapped in Channelized
STM-1
l 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz external clock
l IEEE 1588v2 clock (CSHL)
l IEEE 1588 ACR clock (CSHL)
Supports grouping of clock sources.
SSM protocol/Extended Supported. SSM information can be transmitted in the

SSM protocol following interfaces:
l SDH line
l SDH radio link
l Integrated IP microwave link
l Synchronization Ethernet interface
l 2048 kbit/s external clock interface, supporting the SSM
protocol and not supporting the extended SSM protocol
Tributary clock l Supports retiming for Native E1 and CES E1 services.

l Supports the transparent transmission of E1 clocks.
l Supports CES ACR clocks.
Channelized STM-1 line Supported. CQ1 boards can use the receive clock of STM-1
clock re-timing signals as transmit clock.
Output of the external clock Supported (120-ohm interface complying with G.703, 2048
kbit/s or 2048 kHz mode)

Time synchronization
NOTE
When a CSHLU is used, the OptiX RTN 980L doesn't support time synchronization.
Table 2-13 Time synchronization features
Item Description
IEEE 1588v2 ITU-T G.8275.1
Clock model OC, BC, TC, TC+BC T-BC
Time Supported Supported

synchronization
profile
Input of the external Supported Supported

time
Time source l BMC algorithm l BMCA algorithm

selection and l Static selection for time l Static selection for time
protection sources sources
Time Supports the following time Supports the following time

synchronization sources: sources:
l PTP clock l PTP clock
l External time interface l External time interface
Time transparent Supported Not supported

transmission
Output of the Supported Supported

external time
2.17 Protection Capability

The OptiX RTN 980L provides various protection schemes.
Table 2-14 Protection schemes
Item Description
Equipment-level Power input 1+1 hot backup

protection
Internal power 1+1 hot backup
module
Control, switching, 1+1 hot backup

and timing board

Item Description
Microwave links N+1 protection
1+1 FD protection
TDM services E1/VC12/VC4 SNCP protection
STM-1/STM-4 1+1 or 1:N linear multiplex section protection

(STM-1/STM-4)
Two-fiber bi-directional multiplex section
protection ring (STM-4)
Ethernet services Ethernet links LAG protection
Microwave links LAG protection
PLA/EPLA protection
Native Ethernet network ERPS protection
MSTP protection
L2VPN MPLS MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection
PW PW 1:1 APS/FPS
ATM over E1 IMA protection
Tunnel over E1 ML-PPP protection
Channelized STM-1 1:1 linear multiplex section protection
L3VPN network MPLS TE tunnel TE tunnel hot standby

(CSHLU)
TE tunnel rerouting
LDP LSP IGP fast convergence
IS-IS routing IS-IS fast convergence
IS-IS GR
RSVP-TE RSVP GR
BGP BGP GR
Native IP IP FRR
2.18 Network Management

The OptiX RTN 980L supports multiple network management (NM) modes and provides
comprehensive NM information exchange schemes.
NM Mode
The OptiX RTN 980L supports the following NM modes:

l Per-NE management (for example, management of a local NE or a remote NE) by the

iManager Web LCT
l Central management of OptiX RTN NEs and other OptiX NEs by the iManager U2000
l SNMP agent-based management, which allows operators to query alarms, performance
events, NE parameters and service parameters by performing SNMP GET operations,
and to configure NE parameters and service parameters by performing SNMP SET
operations
LLDP Function
The OptiX RTN 980L and another device (such as a base station) that are both enabled with
the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) can discover each other. The LLDP function helps
to archive:
l Display of the topology of a network that comprises different types of equipment on an
NMS.
l Simplified fault diagnosis.
NM Information Exchange Schemes

The OptiX RTN 980L supports inband DCN and outband DCN.
Table 2-15 DCN information exchange schemes

Item Specifications
DCN DCC bytes Integrated IP Three DCC bytes that are defined by Huawei
channel microwave
SDH radio D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes
SDH line D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes
Channelized D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes

STM-1 line
External clock Supports the transparent transmission of DCC bytes through the
port external clock port.
Network management port Supports one network management Ethernet port or one
network management Ethernet cascade port.
Inband Integrated IP The inband DCN channel is marked with the VLAN tag and its
DCN microwave bandwidth is configurable.
FE/GE port The inband DCN channel is marked with the VLAN tag and its
bandwidth is configurable.
Smart E1 port The inband DCN signals are carried by ML-PPP links. The
inband DCN channel is marked with the VLAN tag and its
Channelized The inband DCN signals are carried by ML-PPP links. The
STM-1 port inband DCN channel is marked with the VLAN tag and its

Item Specifications
Network HWECC protocol Supported

managem
ent IP protocols Supported
protocol L2 DCN Supported
2.19 Easy Installation

The OptiX RTN 980L supports several installation modes. That is, the installation is flexible
and convenient.
l An IDU can be installed on the following types of cabinets and surfaces:

– In a 300 mm or 600 mm ETSI cabinet
– In a 450 mm or 600 mm 19-inch cabinet
– In an open cabinet
– In an outdoor cabinet
l An RFU is directly mounted on a branching unit.
l An IDU connects to an RFU through an IF cable.
l A branching unit connects to a main antenna through a flexible waveguide and to a
diversity antenna through an elliptical waveguide or an SD cable.
When installed in an outdoor cabinet, an IDU 980L has a 30A power capacity, allowing up to
12 IF/RF directions to be configured, does not support hybrid configuration of ISM6 and
ISV3, and supports a maximum of six service boards in extended slots.
When an IDU 980L is installed in an outdoor cabinet, its IF configurations vary depending on
the models of system control, switching, and timing boards and IF boards. For details, see
Table 2-16.
Table 2-16 Number of IF directions
Sys Freq ISV3 ISM6

tem uenc
Con y
trol, Band
Swi
tchi
ng,
and
Tim
ing
Boa
rd
CS 5 10 –
HL GHz

Sys Freq ISV3 ISM6

tem uenc
Con y
trol, Band
Swi
tchi
ng,
and
Tim
ing
Boa
rd
6/7/8/ 12 12
11
GHz
CS 5 9 –
HL GHz
U
6/7/8/ 10 8
11
GHz
2.20 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 980L provides plentiful maintenance features.
2.20.1 Equipment-level OAM

The hardware and software design of the OptiX RTN 980L takes the convenience of fault
diagnosis and maintenance into consideration.
Table 2-17 describes the OAM functions supported by the OptiX RTN 980L.

Table 2-17 Equipment-level OAM

Management and l The OptiX RTN 980L can be managed together with optical
monitoring transmission equipment by the U2000.
l Supports various alarms and performance events.
l Supports RMON performance statistics on various types of
objects.
l Supports the monitoring and graphic display of key radio
transmission performance indicators such as microwave transmit
power, received power, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and air-
interface BER.
l Supports the monitoring and graphic display of Ethernet
performance specifications such as port traffic and bandwidth
utilization.
Hardware l Each IDU board has running and alarm status indicators.
maintenance l All the indicators and cable ports are available on the front panel
of the IDU.
l The system control, switching, and timing board, IF board,
service board, and fan board support hot swapping.
Diagnosis and l Supports PRBS tests by IF ports.

Testing l Supports PRBS tests by Native E1 and CES E1 ports.
l Simulates Ethernet meters to test packet loss, delay, and
throughput.
l Supports various loopback types over service ports and IF ports.
Packet service OAM l Supports IEEE 802.1ag- and IEEE 802.3ah-compliant ETH
OAM functions.
l Supports ITU-T Y.1731-compliant packet loss measurement,
delay measurement, and delay variation measurement for
Ethernet services.
l Supports the ITUT-T Y.1711-compliant MPLS OAM function
and LSP ping/traceroute.
l Supports the ITUT-T Y.1711-compliant PW OAM function and
PW ping/traceroute.
l Supports the ITU-T Y.1731-compliant MPLS-TP LSP OAM and
PW OAM functions.
Database l Remotely backs up and restores the NE database by using the

management U2000.
l Supports database backup and restoration from a USB flash
drive.
l Two copies of software and data are stored in the flash memory
of the system control, switching, and timing board to meet the
smooth upgrade requirements.

Software l Remotely loads NE software and data by using the U2000 and
management provides a quick NE upgrade solution.
l Upgrades NE software from a USB flash drive.
l Supports the NSF function. SDH/PDH services and Ethernet E-
Line services are not interrupted during warm resets on NE
software.
l Supports hot patch loading. Users can upgrade software without
interrupting services.
l Supports software version rollback so that original system
services are restored despite software upgrade failures.
2.20.2 Packet Services OAM (TP-Assist)

The OptiX RTN 980L works with the iManager U2000 to allow hierarchy OAM of packet
services. Packet OAM supports end-to-end service configuration, acceptance tests, and fault
locating, therefore simplifying operation and maintenance of packet services.
Table 2-18 describes the packet OAM functions supported by the OptiX RTN 980L.
Table 2-18 Packet OAM (TP-Assist)

OAM Stage Subitem Description
End-to-end End-to-end packet l Supports end-to-end configuration of Native

service service E-Line/E-LAN services.
configuration configuration l Supports end-to-end configuration of MPLS
tunnel and ETH PWE3.
Automatic l Automatically configures end-to-end ETH

deployment of OAM during Native Ethernet service
alarm configuration and supports connectivity tests
management and alarm reporting.
l Automatically configures end-to-end MPLS-
TP OAM during MPLS tunnel service
configuration and supports connectivity tests
and alarm reporting.
l Automatically configures end-to-end ETH-
OAM during ETH PWE3 service
configuration and supports connectivity tests
and alarm reporting.
Acceptance tests Service l Supports one-click connectivity test of Native

connectivity tests E-Line and E-LAN services.
l Supports one-click connectivity test of the E-
Line services carried by MPLS tunnels.

OAM Stage Subitem Description
Service l Supports one-click test on packet loss, delay,

performance tests and delay variation of Native E-Line and E-
LAN services.
l Supports one-click test on packet loss, delay,
and delay variation of the E-Line services
carried by MPLS tunnels.
l Simulates Ethernet meters to test packet loss,
delay, and throughput.
Fault locating Port IP ping l Supports local ping at UNI ports.

l Supports remote ping at UNI ports.
Port monitoring l Reports alarms indicating Ethernet signal loss.

l Reports alarms indicating Ethernet port auto-
negotiation failures (half-duplex alarm).
Service loopback l Detects loopbacks in E-Line services.

detecting l Automatically disables the service ports
involved in a loop.
Intelligent fault l Checks the integrity of hardware, software,

diagnosis and configuration along a service path.
l Detects zero traffic and packet loss along a
service path.
Performance l Measures real-time and historical

statistics performance events for Ports, DS domains,
flows, VLANs, UNI-side services, PWs,
tunnel, and egress queues.
l Measures packet loss due to congestion for
flows, PWs bandwidth, and egress queues.
Performance l Reports traffic threshold-crossing alarms by

monitoring DS domain, VLAN, V-UNI, PW, and egress
queue.
l Reports port bandwidth utilization threshold-
crossing alarms.
l Reports packet loss threshold-crossing alarms
for flows, PWs bandwidth, and egress queues.
l Reports zero-traffic alarms for Ports, DS
domains, flows, VLANs, UNI-side services,
PWs, and egress queues.
2.20.3 Atom Meter

The OptiX RTN 980L supports Huawei Atom Meters. The HUAWEI Atom Meter is one mini
router of the AtomEngine series products. The Atom Meters allow the OptiX RTN 980L to

support more OAM functions, including RFC 2544 and Two-Way Active Measurement
Protocol (TWAMP).
Appearance
Figure 2-14 Appearance
Networking and Applications

With the cooperation from the SNC and system management platform, a bypass test can be
performed on an OptiX RTN 980L equipped with an Atom Meter.
Figure 2-15 Atom Meter on the OptiX RTN 900
U2000
Regional Packet
Network
RNC SNC
OptiX RTN Atom Meter NodeB
SNC BTS Test flow
2.21 Security Management

The OptiX RTN 980L can prevent unauthorized logins and operations, ensuring equipment
management security.

Hardware Security
The OptiX RTN 980L adopts high-reliability hardware design to ensure that the system runs
properly under security threats.
The following hardware preventive measures are provided:

l Microwave interfaces: The FEC encoding mode is adopted and the adaptive time-domain
equalizer for baseband signals is used. This enables the microwave interfaces to tolerate
strong interference. Therefore, an interceptor cannot restore the contents in a data frame
if coding details and service configurations are not obtained.
l Modular design: Control units are separated from service units and service units are
separated from each other. In this manner, a fault on any unit can be properly isolated,
minimizing the impact of the fault on other units in the system.
l CPU flow control: Data flow sent to the CPU for processing is classified and controlled
to prevent the CPU from being attacked by a large number of packets. This ensures that
the CPU operates properly under attacks.
Software Security
The OptiX RTN 980L processes three categories of data: O&M data, control plane data, and
service data. The preceding data is transmitted over independent physical paths or logical
paths and does not affect each other. Therefore, services on the OptiX RTN 980L are
processed on two planes:
l Management plane
The management plane provides access to the required equipment and management
functions, such as managing accounts and passwords, communication protocols, and
alarm reporting. The security feature of the management plane enables secure device
access, concentrated management, and thorough security audit.
l Control plane (only supported by Layer 3 features using CSHLU board)
The control plane provides automatic calculation of trails to build and manage services.
Authentication is adopted to provide security for protocols used at the control plane.
l Data plane
The data plane processes service data that enters the devices and forwards service data
packets according to hardware forwarding entries. On one hand, the data plane prevents
user service packets from being intercepted, modified, or deleted, which endangers the
confidentiality and completeness of user data. On the other hand, the data plane ensures
the control of hardware forwarding actions, preventing forwarding entries from being
attacked or modified. In this manner, the forwarding plane of the devices can function
stably and reliably.
Table 2-19 lists the security functions provided by the OptiX RTN 980L.
Table 2-19 Security functions
Plane Function Description
Managemen Account and Manages and saves device maintenance accounts.

t plane password
management

Local Checks account validity and performs authorization.

authentication and
authorization
RADIUS Checks account validity and remotely performs

authorization and authorization in the concentrated mode, reducing the
authentication maintenance cost.
Security log Records actions about account management.
Operation log Records non-query operations.
SYSLOG Functions as a standard solution for saving logs

Management offline, effectively resolving the deficient saving
space problem.
TCP/IP protocol Provides basic TCP/IP attack prevention capability,

stack attack such as attacks from incorrect IP packets, ICMP ping/
prevention jolt, and DoS.
Access Control List Provides ACL based on IP addresses and port

(ACL) numbers.
SSL/TLS Supports SSL3.0/TLS1.0 and provides secure

encryption encrypted tunnels based on security certifications.
communication
SSH security Provides the SSHv2 server and SFTP client service.
communication
OSPF route Provides OSPFv2, capable of standard MD5

protocol authentication.
NTP protocol Provides NTPv3, capable of MD5 authentication and

authorization control.
SNMP Provides SNMPv3, capable of security authentication

management and data encryption functions.
protocol
WLAN The USB port can house a WLAN module, thereby

management providing WLAN based NE management.
Data plane Flow control Monitors port traffic. Suppresses multicast packets,
discards unknown unicast/multicast packets, and uses
QoS to control service traffic.
Discarding of error Discards invalid error packets. For example, a packet

packets whose size is smaller than 46 bytes.
Loop avoidance Detects loopback at services ports, blocks loopback,

and supports service loopback detection of Ethernet
ports.

Layer 2 service Provides the access control capabilities: filtering of

access control static MAC addresses, blacklist, learning and
forbidding of MAC addresses, and filtering based on
complex traffic classification.
Service isolation Provides three isolation methods: Layer 2 logical

isolation, horizontal isolation, and physical isolation.
Strict isolation of Strictly isolates MPLS services within the carrier

user services networks and from client-side services.
Control IS-IS IS-IS dynamically calculates routes of the entire

plane network to facilitate network management and
provides HMAC-MD5 authentication to ensure
packet integrity.
OSPF OSPF dynamically calculates routes of the entire

network to facilitate network management and
provides MD5 or HMAC-MD5 authentication to
ensure packet integrity.
BGP Supports BGP-4 and MP-BGP, and supports MD5

authentication.
LDP The Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is used for

FECs classification, labels distribution , and LSP
establishment and maintenance. The LDP supports
MD5 authentication.
RSVP Provides standard MD5 authentication to ensure

packet integrity.
2.22 Energy Saving

The OptiX RTN 980L uses various types of technologies to reduce the amount of energy that
the device consumes. The device:
l Uses a streamlined scheme for board design.

l Replaces ordinary chips with ASIC chips that consume less power.
l Uses high-efficiency power modules.
l Supports intelligent adjustment of the fan speed that dissipates heat in a timely manner,
reduces power consumption, and minimizes noise.
l Shuts down idle FE/GE ports and SFP optical modules.
2.23 Environmental Protection

The OptiX RTN 980L is designed to meet or exceed environmental protection requirements.
The product complies with the RoHS directive and WEEE directive.

l The OptiX RTN 980L undergoes a compulsory packing process that limits the size of the
package containing the equipment and accessories to three times that of the equipment
dimensions.
l The product is designed for easy unpacking. In addition, all hazardous substances
contained in the packaging decompose quickly.
l Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of
ISO 11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4. All components and packages of the
equipment are provided with standard labels for recycling.
l Plugs and connectors are easy to find and the associated operations can be performed
using standard tools.
l All the accompanying materials (such as labels) are easy to remove. Certain types of
identifying information (such as silkscreens) are printed on the front panel or chassis.

Product Description (Split LH) 3 Product Structure
3 Product Structure
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the system architecture, hardware architecture, and software
architecture of the product, in addition to how the system processes service signals.
3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX RTN 980L consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface
unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, packet switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit,
auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, RFU, antenna, and branching unit.
3.2 Hardware Structure
The system consists of the IDU 980L, RFU, and branching unit. An RFU is connected to the
IDU 980L through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M signals
of the RFU and also supplies -48 V DC power to the RFU.
3.3 Software Structure
The OptiX RTN 980L software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and RFU
software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX RTN 980L consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface
unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, packet switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit,
auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, RFU, antenna, and branching unit.
Figure 3-1 Block diagram

RF
Branching signal
unit
RF signal Antenna
RFU
IDU 980L IF signal
Timeslot
VC-4 VC-4
cross-
signal connect signal
FE/GE Service unit
E1(TDM/ATM) interface IF unit
unit Packet
STM-1/4
Ethernet switching Ethernet
signal unit signal
Control and
overhead bus
Orderwire Auxiliary
Clock Control Fan Power
External alarm interface
unit unit unit unit
Sync/Async data unit
NM interface -48/-60 V DC
External clock
External time
Table 3-1 lists basic functions of the functional units. The branching unit and antenna are
passive components. They combine, receive, and transmit RF signals.

Table 3-1 Functional units

Functional Unit Function
Service interface Receives, transmits and bridges service signals.

unit l Receives/Transmits FE/GE signals.
l Receives/Transmits STM-1/4 signals.
l Receives/Transmits E1 signals.
l Uses the EoSDH/EoPDH function to encapsulate Ethernet
services into SDH or E1 signals.
l Performs E1/ATM/Ethernet service emulation based on PWE3.
Timeslot cross- Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.
connect unit
Packet switching l Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets.

unit l Processes MPLS labels and forwards packets.
l Processes PW labels and forwards packets.
IF unit l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps

microwave frame signals to service signals.
l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF
analog signals.
l Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the RFU.
l Supports FEC.
Control unit l Provides the system communications and control.

l Provides the system configuration and management.
l Collects alarms and monitors performance.
l Processes overheads.
Clock unit l Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signals
for the system.
l Supports input and output of external clock.
l Supports input or output of external time signal.
l Provides the time synchronization function. (CSHL)
Auxiliary interface l Provides the orderwire interface.

unit l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.
l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.
Power unit l Accesses -48 V DC power.

l Provides DC power for the IDU.
l Provides -48 V DC power for the RFU.
Fan unit Provides air cooling for the IDU.
RFU l Converts IF signals into RF signals.

l Amplifies RF signals.

3.2 Hardware Structure

The system consists of the IDU 980L, RFU, and branching unit. An RFU is connected to the
IDU 980L through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and the O&M signals
of the RFU and also supplies -48 V DC power to the RFU.
3.2.1 IDU
The IDU 980L is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 980L.
The IDU 980L uses a board plug-in design and provides various functions with different
boards inserted. All extended service boards in the extended slots are hot-swappable.
Extended service boards supported by an IDU vary with system control boards housed in the
IDU.
An IDU housing CSHL boards supports all of the following extended service boards. An IDU
housing CSHLU boards support some of the following extended service boards.
l Supported extended service boards: ISU2, ISX2, ISM6, ISV3, EG4/EG4P, EX1, SL1DA,
ML1/MD1, CQ1, SP3S/SP3D, PIU, and FAN
l Extended service boards not supported: EM6T, EM6F, EFP8, EMS6, and AUX
Figure 3-2 IDU slot layout
Slot 26 (PIU) Slot 27 (PIU)
Slot 13 (EXT) Slot 14 (EXT)

Slot 28 Slot 20 (CSHL/CSHLU)
(FAN)
Slot 15 (CSHL/CSHLU)
NOTE
"EXT" represents an extended slot, which can house any type of IF board or interface board.

Table 3-2 List of the IDU boards

Board Board Name Valid Slot
Acronym Description
CSHL Hybrid system Slot 15/20 l Provides TDM cross-connections: 128x128 VC-4
control, higher-order cross-connections and lower-order
switching, and cross-connections equivalent to 32x32 VC-4s.
timing board l Provides a packet switching capacity of 43 Gbit/s.
l Performs system communication and control.
l Supports anti-Theft function.
l Supports the clock processing function, providing
one external clock input/output port and two
external time input/output ports. The first external
time port uses the same physical connector as the
external clock port.
l Provides one Ethernet NM port, one NM serial port,
and one NM cascading port.
l Provide two STM-4 optical ports or two STM-1
optical/electrical ports equipped with SFP modules.
l Provides four GE ports, of which two can be GE
electrical ports (RJ45) or GE optical ports (SFP),
and the other two can be only GE electrical ports
(RJ45).
l Provides a Type-A USB port that allows software to
be upgraded, data to be backed up, and command
scripts to be loaded using a USB flash drive.
l Provides a Mini USB port for connecting a local
maintenance terminal.
l Provides one Huawei outdoor cabinet monitoring
port, which uses the same physical connector as the
second external time port.
l Provides three-input and one-output external alarm
ports.


Acronym Description
CSHLU Hybrid system Slot 15/20 l Provides TDM cross-connections: 128x128 VC-4
control, higher-order cross-connections and lower-order
switching, and cross-connections equivalent to 32x32 VC-4s.
timing board l Provides a 120 Gbit/s packet switching capability.
l Performs system communication and control.
l Supports L3VPN.
l Supports the clock processing function, providing
one external clock input/output port and two
external time input/output ports. The first external
time port uses the same physical connector as the
external clock port.
l Provides one Ethernet NM port, one NM serial port,
and one NM cascade port.
l Provide two STM-4 optical ports or two STM-1
optical/electrical ports equipped with SFP modules.
l Provides one 10GE port, two GE ports, and two GE
electrical ports.
l Provides a Type-A USB port that allows software to
be upgraded, data to be backed up, and command
scripts to be loaded using a USB flash drive.
l Provides a Mini USB port for connecting a local
maintenance terminal.
l Provides one Huawei outdoor cabinet monitoring
port, which uses the same physical connector as the
second external time port.
l Provides three-input and one-output external alarm
ports.


Acronym Description
ISV3 Versatile IF Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides one IF port.

board l When working with ODUs to provide short-haul
microwave transmission, supports QPSK to
1024QAM modulation and supports QPSK/16QAM
strong FEC, and 512QAM Light FEC.
l When working with RFUs to provide long-haul
microwave transmission, supports QPSK to
2048QAM modulation and supports QPSK/16QAM
strong FEC and 512QAM/1024QAM Light FEC.
l Supports integrated IP microwave and SDH
microwave using the Native E1+Ethernet, Native
STM-1+Ethernet, or SDH service mode.
l Supports the XPIC function.
l Supports the AM function.
l Supports air-interface bandwidth acceleration
(Ethernet frame header compression) and enhanced
Ethernet frame compression (payload compression).
l Supports AES256-based encryption at air interfaces.
l Supports the PLA function.
l Supports the EPLA function on OptiX RTN 980L.


Acronym Description
ISM6 Two-channel Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides two IF ports. The two IF ports can be used
versatile IF together or independently.
board l Supports long-haul microwave transmission only in
split LH microwave mode. When working with
RFUs to provide long-haul microwave transmission,
supports QPSK to 1024QAM modulation and
supports QPSK/16QAM strong FEC and 512QAM
Light FEC.
l When working with ODUs to support short-haul
microwave transmission, supports multiple IF
running modes:
– IS6: The highest-order modulation mode is
4096QAM. The maximum channel spacing is
112 MHz (in this case, the highest-order
modulation mode is 512QAM).
2048QAM. When working in IS3 mode, ISM6
boards can interconnect with ISV3 boards or
RTN 905s.
256QAM. When working in IS2 mode, ISM6
boards can interconnect with ISU2/ISX2 boards.
l Supports integrated IP microwave and SDH
microwave using the Native E1+Ethernet, Native
STM-1+Ethernet, or SDH service mode.
l Supports 1+1 protection for two intra- or inter-board
IF channels.
l Supports XPIC for two intra-board IF channels.
l Supports 1+1 protection for inter-board XPIC
groups.
l Supports intra-board PLA.
l Supports EPLA.
l Supports AM.
l Supports air-interface bandwidth acceleration
(Ethernet frame header compression).
l Reserves hardware ready for the multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) function.
SL1DA 2xSTM-1 Slot 1 to Slot 6 l Uses SFP modules to provide two STM-1 optical/
interface board electrical ports.
l Support K-byte transparent transmission.


Acronym Description
CQ1 4-port Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Uses the SFP optical modules to provide four
channelized channelized STM-1 optical/electrical ports.
STM-1 l Supports CES E1 and ML-PPP E1 processing for
interface board E1s in STM-1 frames.
l Transmits overhead bytes over CES E1s.
EM6T 6-port RJ45 Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides four FE electrical ports.

Ethernet/ l Provides two GE electrical ports that are compatible
Gigabit with FE electrical ports.
Ethernet
interface board l Supports synchronous Ethernet.
EM6F 4-port RJ45 Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides four FE electrical ports.

+ 2-port SFP l Uses SFP modules to provide two GE/FE optical
Fast Ethernet/ ports or GE electrical ports. The GE electrical ports
Gigabit are compatible with the FE electrical ports.
Ethernet
EG4 2-port Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides four GE ports, of which two can be RJ45
RJ45/SFP + 2- GE electrical ports or SFP GE optical ports and the
port RJ45 other two can only be RJ45 GE electrical ports. The
Gigabit GE electrical ports are compatible with the FE
Ethernet electrical ports.
l Supports the IEEE 1588v2 and ITU-T G.8275.1.
EG4P 2-port Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides four GE ports, of which two can be RJ45
RJ45/SFP + 2- GE electrical ports or SFP GE optical ports and the
port RJ45 other two can only be RJ45 GE electrical ports
Gigabit supporting the power over Ethernet function. The
Ethernet GE electrical ports are compatible with the FE
interface electrical ports.
board, l Supports synchronous Ethernet.
supporting the
power supply l Supports the IEEE 1588v2 and ITU-T G.8275.1.
function l Supports anti-Theft function.
NOTE
If an EG4P board powers an RTN 980L through PoE,
carefully plan the power consumption within the allowed
range. For details, contact Huawei.
EX1 1x10GE Slot 1 and Slot 2 l Uses XFP modules to provide one 10GE port.
l Supports IEEE 1588v2 and ITU-T G.8275.1.


Acronym Description
EFP8 8-port RJ45 Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides eight FE electrical ports.

FE EoPDH l Bridges to the packet plane through one internal GE
processing port.
board with the
switching l Processes EoPDH services. The total VCG
function bandwidth is 63xE1.
l Supports transparently transmitted services and L2
switched services.
l Supports synchronous Ethernet.
EMS6 4-port RJ45 Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides four FE electrical ports.

and 2-port SFP l Uses SFP modules to provide two GE optical ports
FE/GE or GE electrical ports. The GE electrical ports are
EoSDH compatible with the FE electrical ports.
processing
board, l Bridges to the packet plane through one internal GE
providing the port.
switching l Processes EoSDH services. The total VCG
function bandwidth is 622 Mbit/s.
l Supports transparently transmitted Ethernet services
and L2 switched services.
l Supports synchronous Ethernet.
ML1 16xE1 (Smart) Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides sixteen 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1
tributary board ports.
l Supports CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, ML-PPP E1, and
Fractional E1 functions.
MD1 32xE1 (Smart) Slot 1 to Slot 14 l Provides thirty-two 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1
tributary board ports.
l Supports CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, ML-PPP E1, and
Fractional E1 functions.
SP3S 16xE1 Slot 1 to Slot 14 Provides sixteen 75-ohm or 120-ohm TDM E1 ports.
tributary board
SP3D 32xE1 Slot 1 to Slot 14 Provides thirty-two 75-ohm or 120-ohm TDM E1 ports.
tributary board
AUX Auxiliary Slot 1 to Slot 14 Provides one orderwire port, one asynchronous data
interface board port, one synchronous data port, and four-input and
two-output external alarm ports.
PIU Power board Slot 26/27 Provides
FAN Fan board Slot 28 Air-cools the IDU.

NOTE
Generally, with ISV3 boards working with RFUs, OptiX RTN 980Ls support long-haul microwave
transmission; with ISV3, ISM6, ISU2, or ISX2 boards working with ODUs, OptiX RTN 980Ls support
interconnection with short-hual microwave links, thereby implementing service aggregation on a
backhaul network.
In long-haul microwave application scenarios, ISV3 and ISM6 boards cannot coexist on an OptiX RTN
980L.
3.2.2 RFU
A radio frequency unit (RFU) is an integrated system. For one frequency band, RFUs are
classified into two models: TX high site and TX low site. The structures and working
principles of various types of RFUs are the same.
Block Diagram
Figure 3-3 shows the block diagram of an RFU-SD.
NOTE
An RFU-NonSD processes signals in a similar way as an RFU-SD except for that the RFU-NonSD does
not have an SD receiver and IF combination module.
Figure 3-3 Block diagram of an RFU-SD

RFU-SD
Tx IF RF Tx
Up-conversion AMP
O&M
uplink
CTRL
O&M
downlink
IF Cable Synthesizers
port
DC PWR
RF Rx-Main
Down-conversion LNA
SD receiver and IF
Rx IF
combination module
IF combiner
Multiplexer Rx-SD
RF
Down-conversion LNA
Signal Processing in the Transmit Direction

The multiplexer splits the signal from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, a 5.5 MHz O&M
uplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal.

In the transmit direction, an RFU-SD processes signals as follows:

1. After the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification are completed, the IF signal is
converted into the RF signal and is sent to the amplifier unit (AMP).
2. The AMP amplifies the RF signal and outputted from the Tx port.The output power of
the signal can be controlled by the IDU software.
The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the
CTRL control unit.
The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply
of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the RFU.
Signal Processing in the Receive Direction

In the receive direction, an RFU-SD processes signals as follows:
1. The RF signal received by a main antenna is input to the RFU through the Rx-Main port,
and that received by an SD antenna is input to the RFU through the Rx-SD port.
2. The RF signal is amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-
conversion, filtering, and amplification, the RF signal is converted into a 140 MHz IF
signal.
3. The IF combiner performs adaptive signal processing for the main and SD IF signals,
combines them to a channel of IF signals, and send them to the multiplexer.
In the receive direction, an RFU-NonSD processes signals as follows:
1. The RF signal received by a main antenna is input to the RFU through the Rx-Main port.
2. The RF signal is amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-
conversion, filtering, and amplification, the RF signal is converted into a 140 MHz IF
signal, and send them to the multiplexer.
The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK mode in the CTRL unit. The 10 MHz
signal is generated through the modulation and sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit also
detects the receive signal level through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the RSSI
interface.
The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and sent to the
IDU through the IF cable.
3.2.3 Branching Unit

A branching unit (BU) is the signal combiner and splitter of the OptiX RTN 980L long haul
system.
Matching RFU-SD and RFU-NonSD, BUs are available in two models, one supporting SD
and the other supporting non-SD.
A BU is an RF branching system composed of circulators and filters. It isolates and filters
signals for different channels.
Common BU
l 4+0 BU: A BU combines four channels of RF signals from RFUs into one for
transmission. It provides four branching ports, a set of antenna ports, and a set of cascade
ports. BUs can be cascaded.

l 3+0 BU: A BU combines three channels of RF signals from RFUs into one for
transmission. It provides three branching ports, a set of antenna ports, and a set of
cascade ports. BUs can be cascaded.
l 2+0 BU: A BU combines two channels of RF signals from RFUs into one for
transmission. It provides two branching ports, a set of antenna ports, and a set of cascade
ports. BUs can be cascaded.
The following figure shows the block diagram of a common 4+0 BU. As compared with a
common 4+0 BU, a common 3+0 or common 2+0 BU provides fewer branching ports.
Figure 3-4 Block diagram of a common BU

Braching unit without SD Braching unit with SD
Ch 1
Main
Antenna
Ch 2 antenna
Ch 3
Ch 1
Ch 4
Cascading
Cascading Ch 2
(main)
Ch 3
Ch 4
Diversity
antenna
Circulator
Cascading
Filter (SD)
Ch n Radio channel n
Compact BU
Each BU combines the RF signals of RFUs on one to four channels (depending on the number
of filter modules) into one channel for transmission, and provides the cascading function.
Each BU supports up to four filter modules and provides four groups of tributary ports, one
group of antenna ports, and one group of cascade ports.
Filter modules at different frequencies are interchangeable.
The diagram uses installation of four flanges as an example.

Figure 3-5 Block diagram of a compact BU

Braching unit without SD Braching unit with SD
Ch 1
Main
Antenna
Ch 2 antenna
Ch 3
Ch 1
Ch 4
Cascading
Cascading Ch 2
(main)
Ch 3
Ch 4
Diversity
antenna
Mapping load
Circulator Cascading
Filter (SD)
Ch "n" RF channel "n"
3.3 Software Structure

The OptiX RTN 980L software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and RFU
software.
Functional Block Diagram

The OptiX RTN 980L software consists of IDU software and RFU software, as shown in
Figure 3-6.
l The OptiX RTN 980L uses Qx interfaces to communicate with the iManager U2000 or
Web LCT. The Qx interfaces are management protocol interfaces designed for Huawei's
OptiX equipment. The protocol stack and messages used by Qx interfaces are developed
based on ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and ITU-T Q.812.
l The OptiX RTN 980L provides a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent,
so a third-party centralized NMS can query alarms, performance events, and many
configuration data through SNMP interfaces.
l OptiX NEs send network management messages with each other using the HWECC
protocol or IP protocol.

Figure 3-6 Software architecture
Centralized
iManager U2000,
monitoring
or Web LCT
(OSS)
Qx
NMS side interface SNMP
NE side
IDU
software
HWECC/IP
NE software Other NEs
Board software
RFU software
IDU Software
The IDU software consists of NE software and board software.
l The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU.
Through the NE software, the NMS communicates with boards, and manages the NE.
The NE software communicates with the RFU software to manage and control the
operation of the RFU.
l The board software manages and controls the running status of other boards of the IDU
except the system control, switching, and timing board. The board software of the
Ethernet interface board or Ethernet processing board is stand-alone and runs board
CPU. Software of other boards is integrated as software modules with the NE software
and runs in the CPU of the system control, switching, and timing board.
RFU Software
The RFU software manages and controls the running status of the RFU. The RFU software
controls the running of the RFU based on the parameters transmitted by the IDU software.
The RFU running status is reported to the IDU software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow
3.4.1 SDH Microwave

This section describes the processing flow for SDH microwave service signals.

Figure 3-7 Service signal processing flow of the SDH microwave

IDU
VC-4 IF RF
STM-1 signal signal signal
CSHL ISV3 RFU
Antenna
Table 3-3 Service signal processing flow of the SDH microwave in the transmit direction
NO. Component Signal Processing Description
1 CSHL (SDH l Receives STM-1 signals and performs descrambling.

interface unit) l Processes overheads and pointers.
l Demultiplexes VC-4 signals.
l Transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect
unit of the CSHL.
2 CSHL (timeslot The timeslot cross-connect unit grooms service signals to

cross-connect unit) the VC-4 signals of the ISV3 board.
3 ISV3 l Maps VC-4 signals into STM-1 microwave frame

payload, and adds microwave frame overheads and
pointers to form complete microwave frames.
l Performs FEC coding.
l Performs digital modulation.
l Performs D/A conversion.
l Performs analog modulation.
l Combines the analog IF signals and O&M signals.
l Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the
RFU through the IF cable.
4 RFU l Splits the analog IF signals, O&M signals, and -48 V

power.
l Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through
up conversions and amplification.
l Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the
waveguide.

Table 3-4 Service signal processing flow of the SDH microwave in the receive direction
1 RFU l Isolates and filters RF signals.

l Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through
down conversions and amplification.
l Combines the IF signals and the O&M signals.
l Transmits the combined signals to the IF board through
the IF cable.
2 ISV3 l Splits the received analog IF signals and O&M signals.

l Performs A/D conversion for the IF signals.
l Performs digital demodulation.
l Performs time domain adaptive equalization.
l Performs FEC decoding.
l Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.
l Extracts overheads from microwave frames.
l Extracts VC-4 signals from the microwave frames, and
transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect
unit of the CSHL.
3 CSHL (timeslot The timeslot cross-connect unit grooms service signals to

cross-connect unit) the VC-4 signals of the .
4 CSHL (SDH l Adds overheads and pointers, and maps VC-4 signals
interface unit) into STM-1 signals.
l Performs scrambling and outputs STM-1 signals.
3.4.2 Hybrid Microwave

This section describes how an ISV3 board transmits STM-1 services and FE/GE services that
the CSHL board receives. It serves as an example to illustrate the processing flow for Hybrid
microwave service signals.
Figure 3-8 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave

IDU
VC-4
signal IF RF
STM-1
signal signal
CSHL ISV3 RFU
FE/GE
Ethernet
signal Antenna

Table 3-5 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave in the transmit direction
1 CSHL (SDH l Receives STM-1 signals and performs descrambling.

interface unit) l Processes overheads and pointers.
l Demultiplexes VC-4 signals.
l Transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect
unit of the CSHL.
CSHL (Ethernet l Receives FE/GE signals.

interface unit) l Performs decoding.
l Aligns frames, strips preamble codes, and processes
CRC codes.
l Forwards Ethernet frames to the packet switching unit of
the CSHL.
2 CSHL l The timeslot cross-connect unit grooms VC-4 signals to

the ISV3 board based on the service configuration.
l The packet switching unit processes Ethernet frames
based on the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and
then forwards the processed Ethernet frames to the ISV3
through the microwave port.
3 ISV3 l Selects the proper modulation scheme based on the

current channel quality.
l Demultiplexes the VC-12 signals to be transmitted from
VC-4 signals.
l Demaps E1 service signals from the VC-12 signals.
l Maps the E1 service signals and Ethernet frames into the
microwave frame payload, and adds microwave frame
overheads to form complete microwave frames.
l Performs analog modulation

power.
waveguide.

Table 3-6 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave in the receive direction

l Transmits the combined signals to the IF board through
the IF cable.

l Performs A/D conversion.
l Extracts VC-4 signals from the microwave frames and
transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect
unit of the CSHL.
l Extracts Ethernet frames from microwave frames, and
transmits the Ethernet frames to the packet switching
unit of the .
3 CSHL l The timeslot cross-connect unit transmits the VC-4

signals to the SDH interface unit based on the data
configurations.
l The packet switching unit processes Ethernet frames
then forwards the processed Ethernet frames to the
Ethernet interface unit.
4 CSHL (SDH l Adds overheads and pointers, and maps VC-4 signals
interface unit) into STM-1 signals.
l Performs scrambling and outputs STM-1 signals.
CSHL (Ethernet l Aligns frames, adds preamble codes, and processes CRC
interface unit) codes.
l Performs coding.
l Outputs FE/GE signals.
3.4.3 Packet Microwave

This section describes the service signal processing flow when the OptiX RTN 980L uses
packet radio to transmit a mix of Ethernet and CES E1 services.

Figure 3-9 Flow of service signal processing

IDU
E1 Service
Service IF RF
ML1 bus
bus signal signal
FE/GE CSHL ISV3 RFU
Antenna
Table 3-7 Service signal processing in the transmit direction

1 ML1 l Receives TDM E1 signals and ATM/IMA E1 signals.

l Extracts service payloads from TDM E1 signals and
performs the PWE3 encapsulation to form the Ethernet
frames that carry PW packets.
l Demultiplexes ATM cells from ATM/IMA E1 signals
and performs the PWE3 encapsulation to form the
Ethernet frames that carry PW packets.
the CSHL.
CSHL (Ethernet l Receives FE/GE signals.

interface unit) l Performs decoding.
l Delimits frames, strips preambles, and processes cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) codes.
the CSHL.
2 CSHL l Performs Layer 2 processing for the Ethernet signals

that are transmitted from the Ethernet interface unit
then performs PWE3 encapsulation to form the Ethernet
frames that carry PW packets.
l Processes the Ethernet frames that carry and isolate PW
packets based on the service configuration and the Layer
3 protocol, and then forwards the processed Ethernet
frames to ISV3.

3 ISV3 l Selects the proper modulation scheme based on the

quality of the channel.
l Receives the Ethernet signals transmitted from the
CSHL.
l Forms Ethernet service signals and microwave frame
overheads into microwave frames.
l Performs analog modulation

power.
waveguide.
Table 3-8 Service signal processing flow in the receive direction


l Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards.

l Performs A/D conversion.
l Extracts Ethernet frames from microwave frames, and
transmits the Ethernet frames to the packet switching
unit of the CSHL.

3 CSHL l Processes the Ethernet frames that carry PW packets

based on the service configuration and the Layer 3
protocol, and then forwards the processed Ethernet
frames.
l Forwards Ethernet frames to the ML1 directly. In the
case of the Ethernet frames that need to be forwarded to
the Ethernet interface unit, extracts Ethernet frames from
PW packets, performs layer 2 processing based on the
configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and then
forwards the Ethernet frames to the Ethernet interface
unit.
4 ML1 l Extracts ATM cells, and TDM E1 service payloads from

PW packets.
l Multiplexes the ATM cells into the ATM/IMA E1
signals inversely.
l Performs HDB3 coding.
l Outputs E1 signals.
CSHL (Ethernet l Delimits frames, adds preambles, and processes CRC

interface unit) codes.
l Performs coding.
l Outputs FE/GE signals.

Product Description (Split LH) 4 Networking and Applications
4 Networking and Applications
About This Chapter
The OptiX RTN 980L provides complete microwave transmission solutions and supports
various types of networking solutions to meet the diverse customer requirements.
4.1 Basic Network Topologies

The basic network topologies of the OptiX RTN 980L are chain networks and ring networks.
4.2 RF System Configuration
The OptiX RTN 980L supports flexible and scalable microwave link configurations.
4.3 Service Configuration
Each link of the OptiX RTN 980L can be configured to transmit Ethernet services, SDH
services, SDH+Ethernet services, or E1+Ethernet services.

4.1 Basic Network Topologies

The basic network topologies of the OptiX RTN 980L are chain networks and ring networks.
4.1.1 Chain Network

The OptiX RTN 980L supports a chain network, and can form a tree or star network.
An OptiX RTN 980L provides 14 extended slots, so that:

l An OptiX RTN 980L can relay N+0 (N ≤ 7) or N+1 (N ≤ 6) microwave links.
l Two OptiX RTN 980Ls connected in back-to-back mode can relay N+0 (N ≥ 8) or N+1
(N ≥ 7) microwave links.
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L supports a maximum 12 microwave links, when working in 5 GHz frequency.
On a chain network, the following protection schemes can be configured for microwave links:
l N+1 protection for microwave links transmitting SDH services or SDH + Ethernet
services
l N+1 protection or enhanced physical link aggregation (EPLA) for microwave links
transmitting only packet services
Figure 4-1 Typical chain network

4.1.2 Ring Network

The OptiX RTN 980L supports a ring network and provides protection for a ring network. In
addition, a ring network and a chain network can form a ring with chain network.
Ring Protection
On a ring network, network-level service protection schemes are often used instead of
microwave link protection schemes.
l On a ring network comprised of SDH radio links, SNCP can be configured to protect
SDH services.
l On a ring network comprised of Hybrid radio links, SNCP can be configured to protect
SDH/PDH services while ERPS can be configured to protect Ethernet services.
l On a ring network comprised of Packet radio links, MPLS 1:1 APS or PW 1:1 APS can
be configured to protect packet services.
Radio Ring Network

An OptiX RTN 980L provides 14 extended slots, so that:
l An OptiX RTN 980L can relay N+0 (N ≤ 7) or N+1 (N ≤ 6) microwave links.
l Two OptiX RTN 980Ls connected in back-to-back mode can relay N+0 (N ≥ 8) or N+1
(N ≥ 7) microwave links.
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L supports a maximum 12 microwave links, when working in 5 GHz frequency.

Figure 4-2 Typical radio ring network
10GE Ring Network

The OptiX RTN 980L can directly interconnect with Metro equipment to form a 10GE fiber
ring network. This minimizes interconnections and reduces network construction cost.
Figure 4-3 Typical 10GE ring network
Supplementary Network for an Optical Fiber Network

The OptiX RTN 980L supports large-capacity LAG or EPLA groups over air interfaces to
form a supplementary network for an optical fiber network. In addition, the OptiX RTN 980L

is capable of implementing network-level protection between air interfaces and Ethernet

ports.
Figure 4-4 Typical supplementary network for an optical fiber network
4.1.3 Aggregation Networking

The OptiX RTN 980L can aggregate services from short haul OptiX RTN 900 products
through air interfaces using its ODU.
The OptiX RTN 980L uses the ISV3 or ISM6 board and RFU to implement long haul
transmission. It can also use the ISM6, ISV3, ISU2, or ISX2 board together with the ODU to
aggregate services from multi-direction short haul microwave links as shown in Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-5 Typical aggregation networking
4.2 RF System Configuration

The OptiX RTN 980L supports flexible and scalable microwave link configurations.

Overview
Typical microwave links configurations are as follows:
l 4+0/3+1 without SD, single polarization
l 8+0/7+1 without SD, single polarization
l 8+0/7+1 without SD, dual polarization
l 4+0/3+1 with SD, single polarization
l 4+0/3+1 with SD, dual polarization
l 8+0/7+1 with SD, single polarization
l 8+0/7+1 with SD, dual polarization
l 11+1/12+0 CCDP with SD
l 16+0 CCDP with SD (two cascaded NEs)
Service protection (implemented by IDUs) configurations for the OptiX RTN 980L are
independent of radio channel configurations. For example, 8 channels of microwave links can
be configured into 8 independent microwave links, one 7+1 protection groups, or two 3+1
protection groups.
NOTE
To achieve co-channel dual polarization (CCDP), cross polarization interference cancellation (XPIC)
technology is required. XPIC is implemented on IF boards.
4+0/3+1 (single polarization)
Figure 4-6 4+0/3+1 (single polarization) configuration

8+0/7+1 (single polarization)
Figure 4-7 8+0/7+1 (single polarization) configuration
8+0/7+1 (dual polarization)
Figure 4-8 8+0/7+1 (dual polarization) configuration

4+0/3+1 (single polarization, SD)
Figure 4-9 4+0/3+1 (single polarization, SD) configuration
4+0/3+1 (dual polarization, SD)
Figure 4-10 4+0/3+1 (dual polarization, SD) configuration
RFU-SD
Main V
RFU-SD
BU H
Load
SD
Load
Main
antenna
RFU-SD
Main
RFU-SD
BU
Load V
SD
Load H
IDU 980L
SD
antenna

8+0/7+1 (single polarization, SD)
Figure 4-11 8+0/7+1 (single polarization, SD) configuration


16+0 (dual polarization, SD)
Figure 4-14 16+0 (dual polarization, SD) configuration
4.3 Service Configuration

Each link of the OptiX RTN 980L can be configured to transmit Ethernet services, SDH
services, SDH+Ethernet services, or E1+Ethernet services.

Figure 4-15 Service configuration

Optional for each channel
Ethernet
430 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s max.
2 x STM-1
Ch 1
Ch 2 Ethernet
Ch 3 1(2) x STM-1 260 Mbit/s to
... 800 Mbit/s max.
...
... Ethernet
75 x E1 260 Mbit/s to
...
800 Mbit/s max.
Ch n

Product Description (Split LH) 5 Network Management System
5 Network Management System
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the network management solution and the NMS software that
constitutes this solution.
5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei offers a complete transmission network management solution compliant with TMN
for different function domains and customer groups on telecommunication networks.
5.2 Web LCT
The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. The Web LCT provides the following
management functions at the NE layer: NE management, alarm management, performance
management, configuration management, communication management, security management,
and HOP management.
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000
server through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in a unified manner. The
U2000 can provide NE-level and network-level management functions.

5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei offers a complete transmission network management solution compliant with TMN
for different function domains and customer groups on telecommunication networks.
The NM solutions consist of the following:
l iManager U2000 Web LCT local maintenance terminal
The Web LCT, a Web-based local maintenance terminal, is used to manage local and
remote NEs on a per-NE or hop basis.
l iManager U2000 unified network management system
The iManager U2000, a network-level management system, is used to manage Huawei
transmission equipment such as the OptiX RTN, PTN, MSTP, and WDM equipment.
Figure 5-1 Network management solution for transmission networks

iManager U2000
WAN/LAN
Backbone
layer
Aggregation
layer
Access
layer
Web LCT Web LCT
5.2 Web LCT

The Web LCT is a local maintenance terminal. The Web LCT provides the following
management functions at the NE layer: NE management, alarm management, performance
management, configuration management, communication management, security management,
and HOP management.

Function Overview
Table 5-1 Management functions of Web LCT

NE Management l Search of NEs

l Addition or deletion of NEs
l Login or logout of NEs
l Start NE Explorer
Alarm Management l Setting of alarm monitoring strategies

l Viewing of alarms
l Deletion of alarms
Performance Management l Setting of performance monitoring strategies

l Viewing of performance events
l Resetting of performance registers
Configuration Management l Basic NE information configuration

l Radio link configuration
l Protection configuration
l Interface configuration
l Service configuration
l Clock configuration
Communication l Communication parameter management

Management l DCC management
l Inband DCN management
l L2DCN management
l HWECC protocol management
l IP protocol management
Security Management l NE user management

l NE user group management
l LCT access control
l Online user management
l NE security parameters
l NE security log
l NMS user management
l NMS log management
l File transmission protocol management (FTP or SFTP)

HOP Management l Parameters on both ends of a hop can be set on the same
interface.
l After the parameters on one end of a hop are set, the
parameters on the other end are assigned values
accordingly.
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000
server through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in a unified manner. The
U2000 can provide NE-level and network-level management functions.
Function Overview
Table 5-2 Management Functions of U2000

Functional Module Description
NE level management l NE panel browsing

l Built-in NE explorer implementing all-around
NE-level management
Network Topology l Physical topology view

level management l End-to-end topology management of services
management
l Clock view
l Automatic topology discovery
l Customized topology view
l Backup gateway configuration
Network-level alarm l Networkwide alarm monitoring, statistics, and

management management
l Customized alarm query templates
l Alarm correlation analysis
l Alarm time localization
l Alarm notification
l Alarm dumping

Network-level l Creation of performance monitoring templates

performance l Scheduled monitoring and real-time monitoring
management
l Browsing of historical performance data
l Graphic display of performance data
l Comparison of performance data in different
periods or based on different resources
l Historical performance data dump
Network-level l End-to-end configuration of TDM services

configuration l End-to-end configuration of MPLS tunnels and
management PWE3 services
l End-to-end configuration of Native E-Line/E-
LAN services
Network-level l One-click connectivity test of packet services

diagnosis and test l One-click performance test of packet services
l One-click smart diagnosis of packet service
faults
Network-level l DCC view management

communication l Inter-NE Ping and Traceroute tests
management
Network-level l Account policy management

security l User group management
management
l Rights management
l RADIUS authentication on user rights
l SSLv3 encrypted communication between
U2000 server and U2000 client
l SSLv3 encrypted communication between
U2000 server and gateway NE
l Access Control List (ACL) management of the
U2000 server
l Access Control List (ACL) management of the
gateway NE
Inventory management l Inventory management of equipment such as

NEs, boards, and ports
l Inventory management of fibers and links
Log management l Management of NMS operation logs, system

logs, and security logs
l NE Security Log management
l NE Syslog management

Database management l NMS database backup and restoration

l NE database backup and restoration
l Synchronization between NE data and NMS data
NE Software management l NE software loading and upgrading

l NE Software database management
l NE data saving, backup, and restoration
Report management l Management of alarm reports, log reports, and

resource reports
l Viewing reports by using Internet Explorer
l Output of report files
Northbound interface l SNMP, CORBA, and XML northbound

interfaces
l Performance text interfaces

Product Description (Split LH) 6 Technical Specifications
6 Technical Specifications
About This Chapter
This chapter describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 980L.
6.1 RF Specifications
This section describes the OptiX RTN 980L long haul system's RF and IF specifications.
6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability
Equipment reliability is measured by mean time between failures (MTBF), and predicated
equipment reliability complies with the Telcordia SR-332 standard.
6.3 Interface Performance
This section describes the technical specifications of services and auxiliary interfaces.
6.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance
The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the product meet relevant
ITU-T recommendations.
6.5 Integrated System Performance
Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power consumption, power
supply, EMC, surge protection, safety, and environment.

6.1 RF Specifications
This section describes the OptiX RTN 980L long haul system's RF and IF specifications.
6.1.1 Air Interface Capacity

The air interface capacity of a microwave link is determined by the microwave work mode.
The microwave work mode refers to the combination of the channel spacing and modulation
scheme.
NOTE
LH ACCP is the IF running mode of ISV3/ISM6 boards in long haul microwave applications. When
ISV3 boards work in the 5 GHz frequency band and the 56 MHz/1024 QAM modulation mode, they do
not support ACCP channel configuration. The Integrated LH doesn't support 5GHz.
ISM6 boards in long haul microwave applications cannot work in the 5 GHz frequency band.
When being used in North America, ISV3 boards support the FCC 30/40 MHz channel spacing. For
details, see the User Guide for North America.
The maximum backplane bandwidth of an ISM6 board is as following:
l Slot 1 or 2: 2.5 Gbit/s
l Slot 3 to 6: 2.5 Gbit/s (when EPLA is configured) or 1 Gbit/s (when EPLA is not configured)
l Slot 7 to 14: 1 Gbit/s
Service capacity in SDH microwave mode (LH ACCP mode)
Table 6-1 Service capacity in SDH microwave mode (LH ACCP mode)
Channel Spacing (MHz) Modulation Scheme Service Capacity
28 (27.5) 128QAM STM-1
56 (55) 128QAM 2 x STM-1

NOTE
The SDH microwave mode supported by the equipment remains the same no matter whether XPIC is enabled or disabled.
Service capacity in integrated IP microwave mode (LH ACCP mode)
Table 6-2 Service capacity in integrated IP microwave mode (LH ACCP mode, XPIC disabled)
Channel Modulation Maximum Native Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)
Spacing Scheme Number of
(MHz) E1s Without With L2 With L2+L3 With L2+L3
(STM-1) in Compressio Frame Frame Frame
Hybrid n Header Header Header
Microwave Compressio Compressio Compressio
n n (IPv4) n (IPv6)
28 QPSK Strong 15 35 to 44 35 to 54 35 to 76 36 to 107


n n (IPv4) n (IPv6)
28 QPSK 18 41 to 51 41 to 63 41 to 89 42 to 125
28 16QAM 33 70 to 89 71 to 109 72 to 154 73 to 217

Strong
28 16QAM 38 82 to 104 83 to 128 84 to 180 86 to 253
28 32QAM 49 105 to 134 106 to 163 108 to 231 110 to 324
28 64QAM 59 126 to 160 127 to 196 129 to 277 131 to 389
28 128QAM 75 (1) 157 to 198 158 to 243 160 to 342 163 to 481
28 256QAM 75 (1) 178 to 225 179 to 275 181 to 389 185 to 546
28 512QAM 75 (1) 190 to 240 191 to 294 194 to 415 197 to 583
28 512QAM 75 (1) 202 to 256 203 to 313 206 to 441 210 to 620
Light
28 1024QAM 75 (1) 213 to 270 215 to 330 217 to 466 221 to 654
40 QPSK 27 59 to 75 60 to 92 60 to 130 62 to 183
40 16QAM 48 102 to 129 103 to 158 104 to 223 106 to 313

Strong
40 16QAM 56 119 to 151 120 to 185 122 to 261 124 to 367
40 32QAM 74 (1) 158 to 200 159 to 245 161 to 345 164 to 485
40 64QAM 75 (1) 188 to 238 189 to 291 192 to 411 195 to 577
40 128QAM 75 (1) 222 to 282 224 to 344 227 to 486 231 to 682
40 256QAM 75 (1) 257 to 325 259 to 398 262 to 561 267 to 788
40 512QAM 75 (1) 274 to 347 276 to 424 280 to 599 285 to 841
40 512QAM 75 (1) 291 to 369 293 to 451 297 to 636 303 to 893
Light
40 1024QAM 75 (1) 307 to 389 309 to 475 313 to 671 319 to 941
56 QPSK 39 85 to 107 85 to 131 86 to 185 88 to 260
56 16QAM 69 146 to 185 147 to 226 149 to 320 152 to 449

Strong


n n (IPv4) n (IPv6)
56 16QAM 75 (1) 171 to 216 172 to 264 174 to 373 177 to 524
56 32QAM 75 (1) 214 to 271 216 to 331 218 to 468 222 to 657
56 64QAM 75 (1) 270 to 343 272 to 419 276 to 591 281 to 830
56 128QAM 75 (2) 318 to 403 321 to 493 325 to 695 331 to 976
56 256QAM 75 (2) 363 to 460 366 to 562 370 to 794 377 to 1000
56 512QAM 75 (2) 392 to 497 396 to 608 401 to 858 408 to 1000
56 512QAM 75 (2) 416 to 527 420 to 645 425 to 910 433 to 1000
Light
56 1024QAM 75 (2) 440 to 558 444 to 682 450 to 963 458 to 1000
Table 6-3 Service capacity in integrated IP radio mode (LH ACCP mode, XPIC enabled)
n n (IPv4) n (IPv6)
28 QPSK 18 41 to 51 41 to 63 41 to 89 42 to 125
28 16QAM 33 70 to 89 71 to 109 72 to 154 73 to 217

Strong
28 16QAM 38 82 to 104 83 to 128 84 to 180 86 to 253
28 32QAM 49 105 to 134 106 to 163 108 to 231 110 to 324
28 64QAM 59 126 to 160 127 to 196 129 to 277 131 to 389
28 128QAM 74 (1) 157 to 198 158 to 243 160 to 342 163 to 481
28 256QAM 75 (1) 176 to 224 178 to 273 180 to 386 183 to 542
28 512QAM 75 (1) 182 to 231 184 to 282 186 to 398 189 to 559
28 512QAM 75 (1) 194 to 246 195 to 300 198 to 424 201 to 595
Light


n n (IPv4) n (IPv6)
40 QPSK 27 59 to 75 60 to 92 60 to 130 62 to 183
40 16QAM 48 102 to 129 103 to 158 104 to 223 106 to 313

Strong
40 16QAM 56 119 to 151 120 to 185 122 to 261 124 to 367
40 32QAM 74 (1) 158 to 200 159 to 245 161 to 345 164 to 485
40 64QAM 75 (1) 188 to 238 189 to 291 192 to 411 195 to 577
40 128QAM 75 (1) 222 to 282 224 to 344 227 to 486 231 to 682
40 256QAM 75 (1) 255 to 323 257 to 395 260 to 557 265 to 782
40 512QAM 75 (1) 263 to 333 265 to 407 268 to 575 273 to 807
40 512QAM 75 (1) 279 to 354 282 to 433 285 to 611 291 to 858
Light
40 1024QAM 75 (1) 298 to 377 300 to 461 304 to 651 310 to 914
56 QPSK 39 85 to 107 85 to 131 86 to 185 88 to 260
56 16QAM 69 146 to 185 147 to 226 149 to 320 152 to 449

Strong
56 16QAM 75 (1) 171 to 216 172 to 264 174 to 373 177 to 524
56 32QAM 75 (1) 214 to 271 216 to 331 218 to 468 222 to 657
56 64QAM 75 (1) 270 to 343 272 to 419 276 to 591 281 to 830
56 128QAM 75 (2) 318 to 403 321 to 493 325 to 695 331 to 976
56 256QAM 75 (2) 359 to 455 362 to 556 366 to 785 373 to 1000
56 512QAM 75 (2) 377 to 477 380 to 584 385 to 824 392 to 1000
56 512QAM 75 (2) 400 to 506 403 to 619 408 to 874 416 to 1000
Light
56 1024QAM 75 (2) 426 to 540 429 to 660 435 to 931 443 to 1000

NOTE
l The throughput specifications listed in the tables are based on the following conditions.
l Without compression: untagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from 64 bytes to 1518 bytes
l With L2 frame header compression: untagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from 64 bytes
to 1518 bytes
l With L2+L3 frame header compression (IPv4): UDP messages, C-tagged Ethernet frames with a
length ranging from 70 bytes to 1518 bytes
l With L2+L3 frame header compression (IPv6): UDP messages, S-tagged Ethernet frames with a
length ranging from 94 bytes to 1518 bytes
l E1/STM-1 services need to occupy the corresponding bandwidth of the air interface capacity. The
bandwidth remaining after the E1/STM-1 service capacity is subtracted from the air interface capacity can
be provided for Ethernet services.
6.1.2 EPLA Service Throughput

The EPLA service throughput indicates the service throughput of a radio link when EPLA or
enhanced N+1 protection is configured for the link.
The typical networking for EPLA is shown in Figure 6-1. The EPLA service throughput is
different from the specification in 6.1.1 Air Interface Capacity.
l The service throughput of each EPLA member link is provided in Table 6-4 and Table
6-5.
l An OptiX RTN 980L supports a maximum of four EPLA groups. The maximum
throughput of one EPLA group is 10 Gbit/s. The total throughput of every two EPLA
groups must not exceed 10 Gbit/s.
l If the access bandwidth on the user side exceeds 1 Gbit/s, load-sharing LAG must be
configured, or a 10GE port must be used for service access.
Figure 6-1 EPLA configuration networking

IDU 980L IDU 980L
ISV3 RFU RFU ISV3

N+0 radio link
GE1 ISV3 RFU RFU ISV3 GE1
Packet Packet
GE2 GE2
Processing ... ... ... ... Processing
GE3 Unit Unit GE3
ISV3 RFU RFU ISV3
LAG LAG
ISV3 RFU RFU ISV3
EPLA group EPLA group
NOTE
The throughput specifications in the table are obtained under the following conditions: the frame length
range is from 64 bytes to 1518 bytes, frame header compression is disabled, and the air to interface links
transmit Ethernet services only.

Table 6-4 Throughput of a single EPLA link (LH ACCP mode, XPIC disabled)
Modulation Scheme Native Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)
28 MHz Channel 40 MHz Channel 56 MHz Channel
QPSK Strong 32 to 39 47 to 57 68 to 82
QPSK 38 to 46 55 to 67 79 to 96
16QAM Strong 66 to 80 95 to 115 136 to 165
16QAM 77 to 93 112 to 135 159 to 193
32QAM 98 to 119 147 to 178 200 to 242
64QAM 118 to 143 176 to 212 253 to 305
128QAM 146 to 177 208 to 251 297 to 359
256QAM 166 to 201 240 to 290 339 to 410
512QAM 177 to 214 256 to 310 367 to 444
512QAM Light 189 to 228 272 to 329 389 to 470
1024QAM 199 to 241 287 to 347 412 to 498
Table 6-5 Throughput of a single EPLA link (LH ACCP mode, XPIC enabled)
Modulation Scheme Native Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)
28 MHz Channel 40 MHz Channel 56 MHz Channel
QPSK Strong 32 to 39 47 to 57 68 to 82
QPSK 38 to 46 55 to 67 79 to 96
16QAM Strong 66 to 80 95 to 115 136 to 165
16QAM 77 to 93 112 to 135 159 to 193
32QAM 98 to 119 147 to 178 200 to 242
64QAM 118 to 143 176 to 212 253 to 305
128QAM 146 to 177 208 to 251 297 to 359
256QAM 165 to 199 238 to 288 335 to 406
512QAM 170 to 206 246 to 297 352 to 426
512QAM Light 181 to 219 261 to 316 373 to 452
1024QAM N/A 278 to 336 398 to 481

6.1.3 RFU Performance

The main technical specifications of the RFU include frequency bands, modulation mode, and
transceiver performance.
Operating Frequency Band
Table 6-6 Operating frequency band (XMC-LH RFU)
Operating Frequency Range (GHz)

Frequency Band
Transmit Frequency of a TX Transmit Frequency of a TX
High Site (Receive Low Site (Receive Frequency
Frequency of a TX Low Site) of a TX High Site)
5GHz 4.700 to 5.000 4.400 to 4.710
L6 GHz 6.175 to 6.425 5.925 to 6.173
U6 GHz 6.765 to 7.125 6.425 to 6.785
7 GHz 7.275 to 7.897 7.093 to 7.707
8 GHz 8.0165 to 8.497 7.725 to 8.377
11 GHz 11.199 to 11.745 10.675 to 11.215
NOTE
l Frequency ranges shown in the table are Tx/Rx signal frequencies lower / upper limits, that is, not
the channel center frequencies. The minimum central frequency is at least half of the channel
spacing higher than the minimum transmit frequency. The maximum central frequency is at least
half of the channel spacing lower than the maximum transmit frequency.
l The frequencies of an RFU's transmitter and receiver are separately set and they support multiple
T/R spacing values. Therefore, the transmit frequency ranges of the TX high and TX low sites are
not strictly symmetrical.
Typical T/R spacings include:
l 5 GHz frequency band: 190 MHz, 300 MHz, 312 MHz
l L6 GHz frequency band: 252.04 MHz
l U6 GHz frequency band: 340 MHz
l 7GHz frequency band: 154 MHz, 161 MHz, 168 MHz, 196 MHz, 245 MHz
l 8GHz frequency band: 208 MHz, 266 MHz, 310 MHz, 311.32 MHz
l 11GHz frequency band: 490 MHz, 530 MHz
Modulation Scheme
Table 6-7 Modulation scheme (XMC-LH RFU)
Item Performance
Modulation QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM/512QAM/1024QAM

Item Performance
Channel 28/40/56 MHz (5/U6/8/11 GHz)

spacing 28/56 MHz (L6/7 GHz)
NOTE
Cooperated with IF boards, RFUs also support QPSK Strong, 16QAM Strong, and 512QAM Light
working modes. Strong and light indicate FEC coding strength. Strong FEC improves receiver
sensitivity by increasing error-correcting codes. Light FEC expands service capacity by reducing error-
correcting codes.
Transceiver Performance
Table 6-8 Transceiver performance (XMC-LH RFU)

Item Performance
QPSK/ 64QAM/ 256QAM/ 1024QAM

16QAM/ 128QAM 512QAM
32QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)
@5GHz 31.5 31.5 29.5 27.5
@L6 GHz 31.5 31.5 29.5 27.5
@U6 GHz 31.5 31.5 29.5 27.5
@7 GHz 31.5 31.5 29.5 27.5
@8 GHz 31.5 31.5 29.5 27.5
@11 GHz 29.5 29.5 27.5 26.5
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm)
@5GHz 10
@L6 GHz 6
@U6 GHz 6
@7 GHz 6
@8 GHz 6
@11 GHz 6
Nominal -20 -25

maximum
receive power
(dBm)

Item Performance
QPSK/ 64QAM/ 256QAM/ 1024QAM

16QAM/ 128QAM 512QAM
32QAM
Frequency ±5
stability (ppm)
NOTE
When the T/R spacing is not an integer in unit of MHz, the frequency accuracy is not ±5 ppm but meets
the requirement of the ETSI.
6.1.4 BU Performance
Insertion loss is a key electrical performance indicator for a branching unit.
NOTE
l Insertion loss data is provided by hop, including TX insertion loss and RX insertion loss.
l The BU performance provided in the following table applies to both adjacent channel configuration
and non-adjacent channel configuration.
Table 6-9 Insertion loss of compact BUs

Frequ Channel Insertion Loss Per Hop (dB)
ency Bandwidt
Band h (MHz) Single BU Two cascaded BUsa
1+0 2+0 3+0 4+0 5+0 6+0 7+0 8+0
5 GHz 28 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.5 8.5 8.8 9.1 9.4
40 5.4 5.7 6 6.3 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2
56 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.1 8.1 8.4 8.7 9
a: The insertion loss data counts in the insertion loss of the 1.8-m flexible waveguide that
connects cascaded BUs.
Table 6-10 Insertion loss of common BUs

Frequency Band Channel Insertion Loss Per Hop (dB)
Bandwidth (MHz)
4+0/3+0/2+0 8+0 (two cascaded
(single BU)a BUs)b
L6 GHz 28 5.7 7.6
56 5.3 7.2
U6 GHz 28 5.9 7.8

Frequency Band Channel Insertion Loss Per Hop (dB)

Bandwidth (MHz)
4+0/3+0/2+0 8+0 (two cascaded
(single BU)a BUs)b
40 5.5 7.4
56 5.5 7.4
7 GHz 28 6.3 8.4
56 5.9 8
8 GHz 28 6.7 8.8
40 6.1 8.2
56 6.1 8.2
7&8 GHzc 28 6.7 8.8
56 6.1 8.2
11 GHz 28 7.1 9.4
40 6.5 8.8
56 6.5 8.8
NOTE
l a: The insertion loss per hop of a single BU for 3+0 BU and 2+0 BU is the same as the 4+0 BU.
l b: When two different or same BUs cascade, the insertion loss per hop is same. The insertion loss
data for 8+0 configuration counts in the insertion loss of the 1.8-m flexible waveguide that connects
cascaded BUs.
l c: 7&8 GHz BUs are wideband BUs. They combine and split 7 GHz and 8 GHz RF signals.
6.1.5 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.
NOTE
Receiver sensitivity remains the same values for various channel configurations (no matter the channels
are enabled with XPIC or not). However, the modulation modes supported by different types of channel
configurations are different.
For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dB from the typical value.
Both ISV3 and ISM6 boards support Long Haul (LH). The receiver sensitivities for the two types of
boards are the same in the LH scenario. ISM6 boards only support split LH and do not support the 5
GHz frequency band.

Table 6-11 Typical receiver sensitivity (LH ACCP mode)

Channe Modula Receiver Sensitivity (dBm, @ BER = 10-6)
l tion
Spacing 5 GHz L6 GHz U6 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz
(MHz)
28 QPSK -90.2 -90.2 -90.2 -90.2 -90.2 -89.7

Strong
28 QPSK -88.8 -88.8 -88.8 -88.8 -88.8 -88.3
28 16QAM -83.1 -83.1 -83.1 -83.1 -83.1 -82.6

Strong
28 16QAM -81.6 -81.6 -81.6 -81.6 -81.6 -81.1
28 32QAM -78.4 -78.4 -78.4 -78.4 -78.4 -77.9
28 64QAM -75.8 -75.8 -75.8 -75.8 -75.8 -75.3
28 128QA -72.6 -72.6 -72.6 -72.6 -72.6 -72.1

M
28 256QA -69.8 -69.8 -69.8 -69.8 -69.8 -69.3

M
28 512QA -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67

M
28 512QA -66.5 -66.5 -66.5 -66.5 -66.5 -66

M Light
28 1024QA -63.9 -63.9 -63.9 -63.9 -63.9 -63.4

M
40 QPSK -88.9 N/A -88.9 N/A -88.9 -88.4

Strong
40 QPSK -87.4 N/A -87.4 N/A -87.4 -86.9
40 16QAM -81.3 N/A -81.3 N/A -81.3 -80.8

Strong
40 16QAM -79.8 N/A -79.8 N/A -79.8 -79.3
40 32QAM -76.1 N/A -76.1 N/A -76.1 -75.6
40 64QAM -73.7 N/A -73.7 N/A -73.7 -73.2
40 128QA -71 N/A -71 N/A -71 -70.5

M
40 256QA -68.1 N/A -68.1 N/A -68.1 -67.6

M
40 512QA -65.8 N/A -65.8 N/A -65.8 -65.3

M

Channe Modula Receiver Sensitivity (dBm, @ BER = 10-6)

l tion
Spacing 5 GHz L6 GHz U6 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz
(MHz)
40 512QA -65 N/A -65 N/A -65 -64.5

M Light
40 1024QA -62.9 N/A -62.9 N/A -62.9 -62.4

M
56 QPSK -87.1 -87.1 -87.1 -87.1 -87.1 -86.6

Strong
56 QPSK -85.6 -85.6 -85.6 -85.6 -85.6 -85.1
56 16QAM -79.9 -79.9 -79.9 -79.9 -79.9 -79.4

Strong
56 16QAM -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78.5 -78
56 32QAM -75.7 -75.7 -75.7 -75.7 -75.7 -75.2
56 64QAM -72.1 -72.1 -72.1 -72.1 -72.1 -71.6
56 128QA -69.6 -69.6 -69.6 -69.6 -69.6 -69.1

M
56 256QA -66.8 -66.8 -66.8 -66.8 -66.8 -66.3

M
56 512QA -64.2 -64.2 -64.2 -64.2 -64.2 -63.7

M
56 512QA -63.2 -63.2 -63.2 -63.2 -63.2 -62.7

M Light
56 1024QA -60.9 -60.9 -60.9 -60.9 -60.9 -60.4

M
NOTE
When the XPIC function is enabled, the 28MHz/1024QAM working mode is not supported.
6.1.6 IF Performance
The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the
RFU O&M signal.
Table 6-12 IF performance
Item Performance
IF signal Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) 350
Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) 140

Item Performance
RFU O&M signal Modulation scheme ASK
Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) 5.5
Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) 10
Interface impedance (ohm) 50
6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme
and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.
Table 6-13 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem
Item Performance
Encoding mode Low-density parity check code (LDPC) encoding.
Adaptive time- Supported.

domain equalizer for
baseband signals
6.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability

Equipment reliability is measured by mean time between failures (MTBF), and predicated
equipment reliability complies with the Telcordia SR-332 standard.
6.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability

The component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.
Table 6-14 provides the predicted component reliability for the Integrated IP microwave
equipment with typical configuration.
Table 6-14 Predicted component reliability
Item Performance
IDU RFU
4+0 8+0 3+1 7+1

Configuration Configuration Configuration Configuration
MTBF (hour) 28.25x104 14.53x104 357.27x104 357.27x104 87.60x104
MTBF (year) 32.25 16.58 407.84 407.84 100

Item Performance
IDU RFU
4+0 8+0 3+1 7+1

MTTR (hour) 1 1 1 1 1
Availability 99.99964% 99.99931% 99.99997% 99.99997% 99.99989%
6.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability

The link reliability reflects the equipment reliability of a microwave hop and reflects the
reliability of all the involved components.
Table 6-15 provides the predicted equipment reliability for a single Integrated IP microwave
hop with typical configuration.
Table 6-15 Predicted equipment reliability for a single hop of link
Item Performance
4+0 8+0 3+1 7+1

MTBF (hour) 5.79×104 2.93×104 63.27×104 37.92×104
MTBF (year) 6.61 3.34 72.23 43.29
MTTR (hour) 1 1 1 1
Availability 99.99827% 99.99658% 99.99984% 99.99973%
6.3 Interface Performance

This section describes the technical specifications of services and auxiliary interfaces.
6.3.1 SDH Interface Performance

The performance of the SDH optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825, and the
performance of the electrical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703.
STM-4 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-4 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957. The
following table provides the typical performance of the interface.

Table 6-16 STM-4 optical interface performance

Item Performance
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 622080
Classification code S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2
Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

fiber fiber fiber
Transmission distance (km) 15 40 80
Operating wavelength (nm) 1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1480 to 1580
Mean launched power (dBm) -15 to -8 -3 to +2 -3 to +2
Minimum receiver sensitivity -28 -28 -28

(dBm)
Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -8 -8
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP optical modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different
types of SFP optical modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and
transmission distances.
STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825. The
Table 6-17 STM-1 optical interface performance (two-fiber bidirectional)

Item Performance
Classification code Ie-1 S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2
Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

fiber fiber fiber fiber
Transmission distance 2 15 40 80
(km)
Operating wavelength 1270 to 1380 1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580
(nm)
Mean launched power -19 to -14 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

(dBm)

Item Performance
Receiver minimum -30 -28 -34 -34

sensitivity (dBm)
Minimum overload (dBm) -14 -8 -10 -10
Minimum extinction ratio 10 8.2 10 10

(dB)
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP optical modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types
of SFP optical modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission
distances.
Table 6-18 STM-1 optical interface performance (single-fiber bidirectional)

Item Performance
Classification code S-1.1-BX-D S-1.1-BX-U L-1.1-BX-D L-1.1-BX-U
Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

fiber fiber fiber fiber
Transmission distance 15 15 40 40
(km)
Nominal wavelength (nm) Tx: 1550 Tx: 1310 Tx: 1550 Tx: 1310
Rx: 1310 Rx: 1550 Rx: 1310 Rx: 1550
Operating wavelength Tx: 1480 to Tx: 1260 to Tx: 1480 to Tx: 1260 to
(nm) 1580 1360 1580 1360
Rx: 1260 to Rx: 1480 to Rx: 1260 to Rx: 1480 to
1360 1580 1360 1580
Mean launched power -15 to -8 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

(dBm)
Receiver minimum -32 -32 -32 -32

sensitivity (dBm)
Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -8 -10 -10
Minimum extinction ratio 8.5 8.5 10 10

(dB)
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP optical modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types
of SFP optical modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission
distances.

STM-1 Electrical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 electrical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703. The
Table 6-19 STM-1 electrical interface performance
Item Performance
Code type CMI
Wire pair in each One coaxial wire pair

transmission direction
Impedance (ohm) 75
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP electrical modules to provide electrical interfaces.
6.3.2 E1 Interface Performance

The performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703/G.823.
E1 Interface Performance
Table 6-20 E1 interface performance
Item Performance
Code pattern HDB3
Impedance (ohm) 75 120
Wire pair in each One coaxial wire pair One symmetrical wire pair
6.3.3 Ethernet Interface Specifications

Ethernet interface specifications comply with IEEE 802.3.
GE Optical Interface Specifications

The GE optical interfaces' specifications comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-21 to Table 6-23
provide GE optical interface performance.

Table 6-21 GE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional, short-distance

transmission)
Item Specifications
Classification code 1000BASE-SX (0.5 km) 1000BASE-LX (10 km)
Nominal wavelength (nm) 850 1310
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000
Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode
Transmission distance (km) 0.5 10
Operating wavelength (nm) 770 to 860 1270 to 1355
Average optical output -9 to -3 -9 to -3

power (dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -17 -20
Overload (dBm) 0 -3
Extinction ratio (dB) 9.5 9.5
Table 6-22 GE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional, long-haul transmission)

Item Specifications
Classification code 1000BASE-VX (40 1000BASE-VX (40 1000BASE-ZX (80

km) km) km)
Nominal wavelength (nm) 1310 1550 1550
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000 1000 1000
Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode
Transmission distance (km) 40 40 80
Operating wavelength (nm) 1270 to 1350 1480 to 1580 1500 to 1580
Average optical output power -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -2 to +5

(dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -23 -22 -22
Overload (dBm) -3 -3 -3
Extinction ratio (dB) 9 9 9

Table 6-23 GE optical interface specifications (single-fiber bidirectional)

Item Specifications
Classification code 1000BASE- 1000BASE- 1000BASE- 1000BASE-

BX-D (10 km) BX-U (10 km) BX-D (40 km) BX-U (40 km)
Rx: 1310 Rx: 1490 Rx: 1310 Rx: 1490
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Transmission distance (km) 10 10 40 40
Operating wavelength (nm) Tx: 1480 to Tx: 1260 to Tx: 1260 to Tx: 1480 to
1500 1360 1360 1500
1360 1500 1500 1360
Average optical output power -9 to -3 -9 to -3 -3 to +3 -3 to +3

(dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -19.5 -19.5 -23 -23
Overload (dBm) -3 -3 -3 -3
Extinction ratio (dB) 6 6 6 6
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces. Users can use different types of
SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
GE Electrical Interface Specifications

The characteristics of GE electrical interfaces comply with IEEE 802.3. The following table
provides GE electrical interface performance.
Table 6-24 GE electrical interface specifications

Item Specifications
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)

100 (100BASE-TX)
1000 (1000BASE-T)
Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T)
Interface type RJ45

10GE Optical Interface Specifications (EX1)

The characteristics of 10GE optical interfaces comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-25 to Table
6-26 provide 10GE optical interface performance.
Table 6-25 10GE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional)

Item Specifications
Classification 10GBASE-SW 10GBASE-LW 10GBASE-EW 10GBASE-ZW

code 10GBASE-SR 10GBASE-LR 10GBASE-ER 10GBASE-ZR
Nominal 850 1310 1550 1550

wavelength
(nm)
Transmission 0.3 10 40 80
distance (km)
Operating 840 to 860 1260 to 1355 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565

wavelength
(nm)
Average optical -1.3 to -7.3 -8.2 to 0.5 -4.7 to 4 0 to 4

output power
(dBm)
Receiver -7.5 -12.6 -14.1 -21

sensitivity
(dBm)
Overload -1 0.5 -1 -7
(dBm)
Extinction ratio 3 3.5 3 3

(dB)
Table 6-26 10GE optical interface specifications (single-fiber bidirectional)

Item Specifications
Classification code 10GBASE-LW-D 10GBASE-LW-U

10GBASE-LR-D 10GBASE-LR-U
Nominal wavelength (nm) Tx: 1330 Tx: 1270

Rx: 1270 Rx: 1330
Fiber type Single-mode Single-mode
Transmission distance (km) 10 10

Item Specifications
Classification code 10GBASE-LW-D 10GBASE-LW-U

10GBASE-LR-D 10GBASE-LR-U
Operating wavelength (nm) Tx: 1320 to 1340 Tx: 1260 to 1360

Rx: 1260 to 1280 Rx: 1480 to 1500
Average optical output power -5 to 0 -5 to 0

(dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -14 -14
Overload (dBm) 0.5 0.5
Extinction ratio (dB) 3.5 3.5
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses XFP modules to provide 10GE optical interfaces. Users can use different types of
XFP modules to provide 10GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission
distances.
2.5GE Optical Interface Specifications
Table 6-27 2.5GE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional)
Item Specifications
BOM code 34060365 34060517 34060528
Nominal 850 1310 1310

wavelength
(nm)
Fiber type Multi-mode Single-mode Single-mode
Transmission 0.3 2 10
distance (km)
Operating 770 to 860 1261 to 1360 1261 to 1360

wavelength
(nm)
Average -9 to -1.5 -8.4 to 0.5 -8.4 to 0.5

optical output
power (dBm)
Receiver -15 -13.8 -13.8

sensitivity
(dBm)
Overload 0 0.5 0.5

(dBm)

Item Specifications
BOM code 34060365 34060517 34060528
Extinction 3 3.5 3.5

ratio (dB)
10GE Optical Interface Specifications (CSHLU)
Table 6-28 10GE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional, short-distance

transmission)
Item Specifications
Classif 10GBase-SR 10GBase-SR 10GBase-SR 10GBase-LR 10GBase-LC

ication (0.1 km) (0.3 km) (1.4 km) (10 km) (40 km)
code
Nomina 850 850 1310 1310 1550

l
wavelen
gth
(nm)
Fiber Multi-mode Multi-mode Single-mode Single-mode Single-mode

type
Transmi 0.1 0.3 1.4 10 40

ssion
distance
(km)
Operati 770 to 860 770 to 860 1261 to 1360 1261 to 1360 1480 to 1580
ng
wavelen
gth
(nm)
Average -5 to -1 -7.3 to -1 -8.2 to 0.5 -8.2 to 0.5 -4.7 to 4.0

optical
output
power
(dBm)
Receive -11.1 –11.1 –10.3 -14.4 -14.1

r
sensitivi
ty
(dBm)
Overloa -1 -1 0.5 0.5 0.5

d (dBm)

Item Specifications
Classif 10GBase-SR 10GBase-SR 10GBase-SR 10GBase-LR 10GBase-LC

ication (0.1 km) (0.3 km) (1.4 km) (10 km) (40 km)
code
Extincti 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5

on ratio
(dB)
FE Optical Interface Specifications

The characteristics of FE optical interfaces comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-29 to Table
6-30 provide FE optical interface performance.
Table 6-29 FE optical interface specifications (two-fiber bidirectional)
Item Specifications
Classification code 100BASE-FX 100BASE-LX 100BASE-VX 100BASE-ZX

(2 km) (15 km) (40 km) (80 km)
Nominal wavelength (nm) 1310 1310 1310 1550
Operating wavelength (nm) 1270 to 1380 1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580
Average optical output power -19 to -14 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

(dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -30 -28 -34 -34
Overload (dBm) -14 -8 -10 -10
Extinction ratio (dB) 10 8.2 10 10.5
Table 6-30 FE optical interface specifications (single-fiber bidirectional)
Item Specifications
Classification code 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX-

D (15 km) U (15 km) D (40 km) U (40 km)
Rx: 1310 Rx: 1550 Rx: 1310 Rx: 1550

Item Specifications
Classification code 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX- 100BASE-BX-

D (15 km) U (15 km) D (40 km) U (40 km)
Operating wavelength (nm) Tx: 1480 to Tx: 1260 to Tx: 1480 to Tx: 1260 to
1580 1360 1580 1360
1360 1580 1360 1580
Average optical output power -15 to -8 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

(dBm)
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -32 -32 -32 -32
Overload (dBm) -8 -8 -10 -10
Extinction ratio (dB) 8.5 8.5 10 10
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 980L uses SFP modules to provide FE optical interfaces. Users can use different types of
SFP modules to provide FE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
FE Electrical Interface Specifications

The characteristics of FE interfaces comply with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides
FE electrical interface performance.
Table 6-31 FE electrical interface specifications

Item Specifications
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 10 (10BASE-T)

100 (100BASE-TX)
Code pattern Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
Interface type RJ45
6.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The auxiliary interface performance includes the performance of the orderwire interface,
synchronous data interface, asynchronous data interface, and wayside service interface.

Orderwire Interface Performance
Table 6-32 Orderwire interface performance

Item Performance
Transmission path Uses the E1 and E2 bytes in the SDH overhead or the
Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave
frame.
Orderwire type Addressing call
Wire pair in each One symmetrical wire pair

Impedance (ohm) 600
Synchronous Data Interface Performance
Table 6-33 Synchronous data interface performance

Item Performance
Transmission path Uses the F1 byte in the SDH overhead or the Huawei-
defined byte in the overhead of the microwave frame.
Interface type Codirectional
Interface characteristics Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.
Asynchronous Data Interface
Table 6-34 Asynchronous data interface performance

Item Performance
Transmission path Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the

microwave frame.
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) ≤ 19.2
Interface characteristics Meets the RS-232 standard.

Wayside Service Interface Performance
Table 6-35 Wayside service interface performance

Item Performance
Transmission path Uses the Huawei-defined bytes in the overhead of the

microwave frame.
Impedance (ohm) 120
Interface characteristics Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.
6.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance

The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the product meet relevant
ITU-T recommendations.
Table 6-36 Clock timing and synchronization performance

Item Performance
External synchronization 2048 kbit/s (compliant with ITU-T G.703 §9), or 2048 kHz
source (compliant with ITU-T G.703 §13)
Frequency accuracy Compliant with ITU-T G.813
Pull-in and pull-out ranges
Noise generation
Noise tolerance
Noise transfer
Transient response and

holdover performance
6.5 Integrated System Performance

Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power consumption, power
supply, EMC, surge protection, safety, and environment.

Dimensions
Table 6-37 Dimensions

Component Dimensions (W x H x D)
IDU 442 mm x 225 mm x 220 mm
RFU 228 mm x 228 mm x 91 mm
BU Common BU: 700 mm x 400 mm x 400 mm

Compact BU: 610 mm x 310 mm x 220 mm (excluding the
handle and lifting eye)
Weight
Table 6-38 Typical weight

Component Typical Weight
IDU 980L 20.1 kg (10+0 configuration)
RFU ≤ 5.5 kg
Branching unit Common BU: ≤ 40 kg

Compact BU: ≤ 25 kg
Power Consumption
Table 6-39 Typical power consumption

Typical Power
Consumption
Radio Link Service Interface (Configuration) (IDU+RFUs)
10+0/9+1, SD 8 x GE + 4 x STM-4 + 16 x E1 746 W

(2 x CSHL + 1 x SP3S + 10 x ISV3
+ 10 x RFU + 2 x PIU + 1 x FAN)
10+0/9+1, SD 8 x GE + 4 x STM-4 + 16 x E1 731 W

(2 x CSHL + 1 x SP3S + 5 x ISM6
+ 10 x RFU + 2 x PIU + 1 x FAN)

Power Supply
Table 6-40 Power Supply

Component Performance
IDU l Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2

l Supports two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power inputs
(mutual backup)
l Supports the 1+1 backup of the 3.3 V power units.
RFU l Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2

l Supports one -48 V DC power input that is provided by the IDU
Electromagnetic Compatibility
l Passes CE authentication.
l Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-1.
l Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-4.
l Compliant with CISPR 22.
l Compliant with EN 55022.
Lightning Protection
l Compliant with ITU-T K.27.
l Compliant with ETSI EN 300 253.
Safety
l Passes CE authentication.
l Compliant with ETSI EN 60215.
l Compliant with ETSI EN 60950.
l Compliant with IEC 60825.
Environment
The IDU is used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can be
controlled. The RFU is an outdoor unit.
Table 6-41 Environment performance

Item Component
IDU RFU
Major Operation Compliant with ETSI EN Compliant with ETSI EN

reference 300 019-1-3 class 3.2 300 019-1-4 class 4.1
standards
Transportation Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3

Item Component
IDU RFU
Storage Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2
Air Operation Long-term: -5°C to +60°C -33°C to +55°C

temperature Short-term: -20°C to +65°C
Transportation -40°C to +70°C

and storage
Relative humidity 5% to 95% 5% to 100%
Noise < 7.2 bel, compliant with -

ETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2
attended
Earthquake Compliant with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4
Mechanical stress Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019

Product Description (Split LH) A Service Features
A Service Features
In addition to SDH/PDH and native Ethernet services that traditional long haul microwave
systems support, the OptiX RTN 980L supports MPLS/PWE3 services. The OptiX RTN 980L
is able to bridge and transparently transmit services between a TDM network and a PSN.
A.1 Feature Application (MPLS Packet Service)

The MPLS/PWE3 technology allows for the transmission of multiple types of services in
packet switching networks. The OptiX RTN 980L can transmit three types of packet services:
CES services, ATM services, and Ethernet services.
A.2 Feature Application (Traversing the Original Network)
When carriers build microwave networks, the original local backhaul networks may not be
suitable for transmitting the services carried on microwave networks. In this case, the OptiX
RTN 980L can provide features that enable services to traverse the local backhaul networks.
A.3 Feature Application (L3VPN)
The OptiX RTN 980L supports BGP/MPLS-based L3VPN and provides an end-to-end VPN
solution (BGP is short for Border Gateway Protocol, and MPLS for Multiprotocol Label
Switching).
A.4 Feature Application (Native IP)
In the Native IP solution, IP service packets are directly forwarded according to routes. That
is, IP service packets are not encapsulated into MPLS tunnels for label swapping.

A.1 Feature Application (MPLS Packet Service)

The MPLS/PWE3 technology allows for the transmission of multiple types of services in
packet switching networks. The OptiX RTN 980L can transmit three types of packet services:
CES services, ATM services, and Ethernet services.
A.1.1 CES Services

On the OptiX RTN 980L, CES services are constructed using the TDM PWE3 technology.
That is, TDM E1 services are encapsulated into PW packets, and the PW packets are
transmitted through a PW on the PSN.
Application Example
Circuit emulation service (CES) is mainly used to transmit mobile backhauled services and
enterprise private line services. As shown in Figure A-1, a 2G base station or an enterprise
private line connects to the OptiX RTN 980L through a TDM line. The OptiX RTN 980L
encapsulates the TDM signals into packets, and then transmits the packets to the opposite end
through a PW on the PSN.
Figure A-1 Example of CES services
Backebone
layer IP/MPLS Backebone
Network
Convergence
BSC BSC
layer
Access
layer
BTS BTS Corporation BTS BTS Corporation
CES services OptiX RTN 900 OptiX packet

transmission product
Emulation Modes
The OptiX RTN 980L supports CES services in structured emulation mode and non-
structured emulation mode.

l The structured emulation mode is the CESoPSN mode. The equipment is aware of the
frame structure, framing mode, and timeslot information in the TDM circuit.
l The non-structured emulation mode is the SAToP mode. The equipment is not aware of
the frame structure. Instead, the equipment considers the TDM signals as consecutive bit
streams, and then emulates and transparently transmits the TDM signals.
As shown in Figure A-2, the OptiX RTN 980L in CESoPSN mode supports the compression
of idle 64 kbit/s timeslots in TDM E1 signals to save transmission bandwidth.
Figure A-2 Compression of idle 64 kbit/s timeslots in TDM E1 signals
0 1
BTS 2 3
... 2
9 30
31
PW
1 2 29 0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31
0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31
31
29 30
2 3 ... PW 0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31
0 1 1 3 30 31
BTS
BSC
PW
0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31 1 2 3
BTS
0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31 Timeslots in the E1 frame
Service Clocks
Clock information is an important feature of TDM services. The OptiX RTN 980L supports
the retiming clocks and CES ACR clocks of CES services.
In retiming synchronization mode, the system clocks of all PEs on the network are
synchronized. The system clock of a PE is considered as the service transmit clock (retiming).
As shown in Figure A-3, the system clock of BTS synchronizes itself with the service clock
of PE. In this manner, all PEs and CEs are synchronous, and the transmit clocks of TDM
services on all CEs and PEs are synchronous.

Figure A-3 Retiming synchronization mode of CES service clocks
Transmits E1 Synchronizes with Synchronizes with

signals according to the radio link clock. the E1 signal clock.
the system clock.
E1 E1
BTS PE PE BSC
CES
In ACR mode, the clock is extracted from the TDM interface on the PE on the ingress side.
On the PE on the egress side, the clock of the emulated TDM service is recovered based on
the clock information in the CES service. Figure A-4 shows the retiming synchronization
mode of CES service clocks.
Figure A-4 Adaptive synchronization mode of CES service clocks
Recovers the E1 signal Extracts the clock from the

clock from the CES E1 signal and add the
service. clock information to the
CES service.
E1 E1
PE PE
BTS BSC
CES
Channelized STM-1 Emulation

The OptiX RTN 980L supports the transparent transmission of STM-1 services in packet
networks through CES emulation of channelized STM-1 services. As shown in Figure A-5,
section overhead bytes and 63xE1 signals in STM-1 frames can be encapsulated into CES
services for transmission in packet networks.
During channelized STM-1 emulation, line clock synchronization across the SDH network
can be implemented in the following two modes:
l The system clock of the OptiX RTN 980L is synchronized with SDH equipment through
SDH line clocks.

l The OptiX RTN 980L derives the transmit clock from the receive clock through the line-
clock retiming function. Therefore, the receive clock and transmit clock are synchronous
on the SDH equipment.
Figure A-5 Channelized STM-1 emulation
Synchronized
Line clock Packet
Retiming MW Network
E1 E1
SDH SDH
E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1
... ... PW PW ... ...
E1x E1x ... ... E1x E1x
OH E1x E1x OH
STM-1 PW PW STM-1
OH OH
PW PW
A.1.2 ATM/IMA Services

The OptiX RTN 980L supports ATM PWE3 services. The ATM/IMA E1 technology is used
to transmit ATM services to the OptiX RTN equipment, and then the ATM cells are
encapsulated into PW packets. The packets are then transmitted in the MPLS tunnel on the
PSN.
Application Example
ATM/IMA services are mainly backhauled services of base stations. With the ATM/IMA E1
technology, the ATM services from NodeB are transmitted to the OptiX RTN 980L. On the
OptiX RTN 980L, PWE3 emulation is performed for the ATM services. Then, the services are
transmitted over PWs in MPLS tunnels across the PSN towards the RNC. Before being sent to
the RNC, the services are decapsulated on the OptiX PTN/RTN equipment. Figure A-6 shows
the application example.
Figure A-6 Example of ATM/IMA services
IMA E1 IMA E1/

c-STM-1
NodeB
RTN PTN RNC
PSN
MPLS tunnel PW (ATM PWE3)

ATM/IMA Services on the UNI Side

On the UNI side, the OptiX RTN 980L supports the following ATM/IMA functions:
l Supports the IMA E1 technology in which an IMA group is comprised of E1 links.
l Supports the Fractional IMA technology in which an IMA group is comprised of
Fractional E1 links.
ATM PWE3 Services on the NNI Side

On the NNI side, the OptiX RTN 980L supports the following ATM PWE3 functions:
l One-to-one VCC mapping scheme: One VCC is mapped into one PW.
l N-to-one VCC mapping scheme: N (N≤32) VCCs are mapped into one PW.
l One-to-one VPC mapping scheme: One VPC is mapped into one PW.
l N-to-one VPC mapping scheme: N (N≤32) VPCs are mapped into one PW.
l On one PW, a maximum of 31 ATM cells can be concatenated.
l ATM transparent service.
A.1.3 Ethernet Services

The OptiX RTN 980L supports Ethernet PWE3 services. Therefore, PWs can be used to
transmit E-Line services, E-Aggr services and E-LAN Services (VPLS).
E-Line Services
The E-Line technology is used to transmit isolated Ethernet private line services.
Figure A-7 illustrates an example of how E-Line services are applied on the OptiX RTN
980L. Company A has branches in City 1 and City 3; Company B has branches in City 2 and
City 3; Company C has branches in City 1 and City 2. The branches of Company A,
Company B, and Company C each have specific data communication requirements. In this
application scenario, the OptiX RTN 980L can provide E-Line services for Company A,
Company B, and Company C that can meet each of their respective needs while ensuring that
the service data of each company is separated.

Figure A-7 Example of E-Line services
Company A Company A
RTN 900
RTN 900
MPLS Company B
Company C
network
City 1 City 3
Company B
RTN 900
Company C
City 2
E-Aggr Services
The E-Aggr technology is used to transmit multipoint-to-point bidirectional aggregation
services. An E-Aggr service has multiple aggregation sources and one aggregation sink. The
aggregation sources can communicate with the aggregation sink, but the aggregation sources
are isolated from each other.
E-Aggr services are distinguished based on VLAN tag switching. E-Aggr services simplify
service configuration, and QoS processing can be performed at aggregation points.
Figure A-8 shows the application of E-Aggr services on a mobile bearer network. On the
base station side, services from different base stations are aggregated to a PW; on the RNC
side, services on multiple PWs are aggregated at an interface and then transmitted to the RNC.

Figure A-8 Example of E-Aggr services
FE UNIs-NNI
aggregation
NodeB1
FE NNIs-UNI
aggregation
RTN LSP
NodeB 2 1/P
W 1 GE GE
2
S P 2/PW RTN
FE L RNC
NodeB 3
MPLS
FE network
RTN
NodeB 4 UNIs-NNI
aggregation
VPLS Services
Virtual private LAN service (VPLS) is a Layer 2 virtual private network (VPN) technology
that provides multipoint connectivity over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network.
VPLS uses virtual switch instances (VSIs) to enable Layer 2 forwarding. One VPN
corresponds to one VSI to which PWs and UNI ports can be mounted. Each VSI maintains a
forwarding table that includes MAC addresses and their associated PWs or V-UNIs, and
forwards traffic based on table entries. The OptiX RTN 980L can be configured with multiple
VSIs to support coexistence of multiple VPNs.
Figure A-9 shows a mobile backhaul network. The NodeBs that belong to the same RNC use
VLAN IDs to differentiate services, and they use the same group of VLAN IDs. To isolate
services between the two RNCs (as well as their NodeBs) while enabling VPN
communication between each RNC and their NodeBs, you can create two VSIs on the
convergence RTN node.

Figure A-9 Example of VPLS services
FE
NodeB RTN
A01
FE
NodeB LSP
1 GE RNC A
B01 GE
GE
2
FE LSP RTN
Router
NodeB
A02 MPLS RNC B
FE network
RTN
NodeB
B02 VSI
A.2 Feature Application (Traversing the Original

Network)
When carriers build microwave networks, the original local backhaul networks may not be
suitable for transmitting the services carried on microwave networks. In this case, the OptiX
RTN 980L can provide features that enable services to traverse the local backhaul networks.
A.2.1 Traversing a TDM Network by Using the EoPDH/EoSDH

Feature
The EoPDH/EoSDH feature provides a solution that transmits Ethernet services over E1
signals so that carriers can transmit Ethernet services on the existing TDM networks.
In most cases, a new radio access network transmits the Ethernet services from 3G base
stations in Native mode over the Integrated IP microwave links, but a large number of TDM
networks exist on the local backhaul network at the convergence layer; therefore, Ethernet
service cannot be directly transmitted. In this case, the OptiX RTN 980L at the convergence
node of microwave services can use the EoPDH/EoSDH feature to transmit Ethernet services.
The EoPDH/EoSDH feature is used to encapsulate the Ethernet services on the Integrated IP
microwave links or the Ethernet services locally added into E1/STM-1 signals. The feature
then transmits the Ethernet services over the existing TDM networks. At the last node on the
TDM network, the MSTP or RTN equipment that supports the EoPDH/EoSDH feature is used
to decapsulate the Ethernet services for transmission. For details, see Figure A-10.

Figure A-10 Traversing a TDM network using the EoPDH/EoSDH feature
FE
RTN TDM Backhaul

NodeB E1/
RTN Network FE/GE
STM-1
FE MSTP RNC
FE
NodeB
RTN
NodeB
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

FE IP MW FE E1/STM-1 E1/STM-1 FE/GE
A.2.2 Using ML-PPP to Transmit Services Through a TDM

Network
The multilink PPP (ML-PPP) technology is a solution in which E1 is used to bear MPLS
tunnels. Using ML-PPP, carriers can transmit packet services through the existing TDM
network.
During the evolution to packet backhaul networks, base station services received through E1,
ATM/IMA, or FE/GE interfaces are backhauled as packet services by using the MPLS/PWE3
technology. However, legacy TDM-based backhaul networks or TDM leased lines cannot
backhaul packet services directly. Packet backhaul can be implemented by using the ML-PPP
function on OptiX RTN 980L, the convergence node of microwave services. The ML-PPP
function bundles multiple E1s into an ML-PPP group to carry MPLS tunnels and backhaul
packet services. E1 channels on a channelized STM-1 board, can also be bundled into an ML-
PPP group.
As shown in Figure A-11, ML-PPP helps the equipment to encapsulate the packet services on
the Integrated IP microwave links or the Ethernet services locally added into E1 signals and
then to transmit the Ethernet services over the existing TDM networks. After the services
traverse a TDM network, the OptiX PTN equipment (or OptiX RTN equipment) decapsulates
Ethernet services before transmission.

Figure A-11 Using ML-PPP to transmit services through a TDM network
FE
E1/ E1/
RTN c-STM-1 c-STM-1 FE/
NodeB
RTN GE
TDM Backhaul
Network
FE PTN RNC
FE
NodeB
RTN
NodeB
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

FE IP MW FE MPLS MPLS FE/GE
ML-PPP ML-PPP
PPP PPP
E1 E1
A.2.3 Traversing a Layer 2 Network by Using VLAN Sub-

interfaces
The method of adding VLAN IDs to MPLS tunnels enables the MPLS tunnels to traverse a
Layer 2 network. This means that carriers can use their live Layer 2 networks to transmit
packet services.
Generally, all NEs that an LSP traverses support MPLS. In certain circumstances, however,
LSPs need to traverse a Layer 2 network (such as a metropolitan Ethernet network) that does
not support MPLS. As shown in Figure A-12, BTSs and NodeBs are located at the same site,
and they transmit services to the BSC and RNC by using the MPLS or PWE3 technology.
These services are transmitted to the Layer 2 network separately. The BSC and RNC are
located at different convergence sites. In this scenario, the VLAN sub-interface technology
can be used to create sub-interfaces with different VLAN IDs on an Ethernet port, therefore
adding VLAN IDs to Ethernet frames that carry these LSPs. (LSPs and VLAN IDs have one-
to-one mappings.) Within the Layer 2 network, services are transmitted based on VLAN IDs
rather than MPLS, enabling LSPs to traverse the Layer 2 network.

Figure A-12 MPLS tunnels traversing a Layer 2 network using VLAN sub-interfaces
E1
BTS VLAN 101
LSP 1 RTN/PTN
VLAN 201
RTN RTN VLAN 101
IMA E1
NodeB VLAN 102 E1/
Layer2 switch STM-1 BSC
network
IMA E1/
E1 VLAN 201 c-STM-1
BTS VLAN 102
VLAN 202
LSP 2 VLAN 202
RTN/PTN RNC
RTN RTN
IMA E1
NodeB
TDM PWE3
ATM PWE3
A.3 Feature Application (L3VPN)

The OptiX RTN 980L supports BGP/MPLS-based L3VPN and provides an end-to-end VPN
solution (BGP is short for Border Gateway Protocol, and MPLS for Multiprotocol Label
Switching).
Hierarchical L3VPN
Figure A-13 shows a typical application example of a hierarchical L3VPN bearer network
that consists of OptiX RTN 980Ls and Huawei CX600s (metro routers).
Figure A-13 Hierarchical L3VPN

Access layer Aggregation layer
FE
eNodeB RSG
CSG ASG
SGW
FE
MME
eNodeB CSG ASG RSG
IP L3VPN/Tunnel L3VPN/Tunnel IP
OptiX RTN 980L(With CSHLU)

Router
S1 traffic example
X2 traffic example
Huawei's hierarchical L3VPN bearer network has the following characteristics:

l OptiX RTN 980Ls serve as cell site gateways (CSGs) at the access layer. CX600s serve
as access service gateways (ASGs) and radio network controller site gateways (RSGs) at
the aggregation layer.
l The access layer and the aggregation layer form different L3VPNs.
– Access rings and aggregation rings belong to different public network routing
domains, allowing for easy scalability, large-scale networking, and effective service
isolation and fault isolation.
– Only CSG configurations need to be modified for service adjustment, which
simplifies network O&M. VPN services are configured on CSGs and RSGs. ASGs
function as route reflectors (RRs) of BGP routes and can be configured with VPN
services if required. When configured with VPN services, an ASG reflects explicit
routes and forwards service packets through IP routing. When not configured with
VPN services, an ASG advertises default routes to CSGs and forwards service
packets through label switching.
– Intra-aggregation ring LTE X2 services are forwarded along the shortest path. Inter-
aggregation LTE X2 services are forwarded by ASGs.
l The access layer and aggregation layer are interconnected through two nodes, which
provides protection against failures of interconnected links. Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) for LSP is used for fault detection, and the protection scheme is
Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Tunnel hot standby.
l The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay function is supported, which
enables base stations to automatically obtain IP addresses and therefore implements
quick service provisioning.
VLANIF Port
In the L3VPN solution, multiple Ethernet ports on an OptiX RTN 950 or OptiX RTN 950A
can be aggregated as a virtual port by VLAN ID. All ports aggregated as a virtual port use the
same IP address. In this manner, multiple interconnected devices can be configured on a same
IP network segment, saving IP address resources and simplifying service configurations.

Figure A-14 VLANIF port networking
Before
Service VLAN：100
IP：10.1.1.1/29
VLAN：100
OAM VLAN：200 IP：10.1.1.3/29
IP：10.1.1.9/29 VLAN：200
Node A IP：10.1.1.12/29
VLAN：100
Service VLAN：100 IP：10.1.1.4/29 RTN 950/RTN 950A
IP：10.1.1.2/29 VLAN：200
IP：10.1.1.11/29
OAM VLAN：200
IP：10.1.1.10/29
Node B
After
Service VLAN：100
IP：10.1.1.1/29
OAM VLAN：200 VLANIF VLAN：100

IP：10.1.1.9/29 VRF1
IP：10.1.1.3/29
Node A
Service VLAN：100 VLANIF VLAN：200 RTN 950/RTN 950A

IP：10.1.1.2/29 VRF2
IP：10.1.1.11/29
OAM VLAN：200
IP：10.1.1.10/29
Node B
A.4 Feature Application (Native IP)

In the Native IP solution, IP service packets are directly forwarded according to routes. That
is, IP service packets are not encapsulated into MPLS tunnels for label swapping.
On a mobile backhaul network, the Native IP solution is often deployed with L3VPN,
forming the Native IP+L3VPN solution. Compared with the hierarchy L3VPN solution, the
Native IP+L3VPN solution has the following characteristics:
l Native IP is deployed on access rings. Service packets are forwarded according to routes.
Services are easy to deploy and packet encapsulation efficiency is high.
l Aggregation rings still use the L3VPN solution, which supports a large network and
mature protection mechanism.

The Native IP solution supports flexible networking. An access ring often interconnects with
an aggregation ring using EBGP Option A or IBGP.
Separate Rings
The access ring consists of only RTN devices. The access ring interconnects with the
aggregation ring using EBGP Option A to import routes. Services are separately configured
on the access and aggregation rings. In this manner, the access and aggregation rings are
decoupled.
Figure A-15 Native IP+L3VPN for separate access and aggregation rings
Tangent Rings
Aggregation-layer routers and RTN devices can run in the same IGP AS (IS-IS or OSPF) to
form an access ring. A VRF instance is configured on a router's downlink interface
connecting to the access ring. The IGP routes of the access ring are imported to the L3VPN
through IBGP.

Figure A-16 Native IP+L3VPN for tangent access and aggregation rings

Product Description (Split LH) B Compliance Standards
B Compliance Standards
B.1 ITU-R Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.
B.2 ETSI Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.
B.3 IEC Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L is compliant with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.
B.4 ITU-T Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment.
B.5 IETF Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with IETF standards.
B.6 IEEE Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.
B.7 MEF Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with MEF standards.
B.8 AF Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with AF standards.
B.9 Environmental Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount
microwave equipment.

B.1 ITU-R Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ITU-R standards designed for microwave equipment.
Table B-1 ITU-R standard

Standard Description
ITU-R F.383 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high-capacity fixed

wireless systems operating in the lower 6 GHz (5 925 to 6 425
MHz) band
ITU-R F.384 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium- and high-

capacity digital fixed wireless systems operating in the upper 6
GHz (6 425-7 125 MHz) band
ITU-R F.385 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed wireless systems

operating in the 7 GHz (7 110-7 900 MHz) band

operating in the 8 GHz (7 725 to 8 500 MHz) band

operating in the 10 GHz band
ITU-R F.387-10 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems


operating in the 13 GHz frequency band

ITU-R F.595-9 Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed wireless systems

operating in the 18 GHz frequency band

ITU-R F.748 Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service

operating in the 25, 26 and 28 GHz bands
ITU-R F.1520 Radio-frequency arrangements for systems in the fixed service

operating in the band 31.8-33.4 GHz
ITU-R F.749-2 Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service

ITU-R F.2005 Radio-frequency channel and block arrangements for fixed wireless
systems operating in the 42 GHz (40.5 to 43.5 GHz) band
ITU-R F.1191-2 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital radio-relay systems
ITU-R SM.329-10 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

ITU-R P.676-8 Attenuation by atmospheric gases
ITU-R P.530-13 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of
terrestrial line-of-sight systems
ITU-R P.453-9 The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data
ITU-R P.525-2 Calculation of free-space attenuation
ITU-R P.837-5 Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modeling
ITU-R P.838-3 Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods
ITU-R F.1093 Effects of multipath propagation on the design and operation of

line-of-sight digital fixed wireless systems
ITU-R F.1101 Characteristics of digital fixed wireless systems below about 17

GHz
ITU-R F.1102 Characteristics of fixed wireless systems operating in frequency

bands above about 17 GHz
ITU-R F.1605 Error performance and availability estimation for synchronous

digital hierarchy terrestrial fixed wireless systems
ITU-R F.1703 Availability objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in
27 500 km hypothetical reference paths and connections
ITU-R F.592 Vocabulary of terms for the fixed service
ITU-R F.746 Radio-frequency arrangements for fixed service systems
ITU-R F.556 Hypothetical reference digital path for radio-relay systems which
may form part of an integrated services digital network with a
capacity above the second hierarchical level
ITU-R F.699-7 Radiation pattern of reference antennas for fixed wireless systems
used for coordination studies and interference assessment in the
frequency range between 100 MHz and 70 GHz
B.2 ETSI Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ETSI standards designed for microwave equipment.
Table B-2 ETSI standard

ETSI EN 300 385 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
V1.2.1 Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for fixed radio
links and ancillary equipment

ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
V1.4.1 Telecommunication network equipment; Electro Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) requirements
ETSI EN 301 489-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters(ERM);

V1.8.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) standard for radio equipment
and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements
ETSI EN 301 489-4 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters(ERM);

V1.3.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) standard for radio equipment
and services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links and
ancillary equipment and services
ETSI EN 301 390 Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems;
V1.2.1 Spurious emissions and receiver immunity limits at equipment/
antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio Systems
ETSI TR 102 457 Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Study on the electromagnetic
V1.1.1 radiated field in fixed radio systems for environmental issues Study
on the electromagnetic radiated field in fixed radio systems for
environmental issues
ETSI EN 300 132-2 Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the
V2.2.2 input to telecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct
current (dc)
ETSI EN 300 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for

019-1-1 V2.1.4 telecommunications equipment; Part 1-1: Classification of
environmental conditions; Storage Class 1.2
ETSI EN 300 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for

019-1-2 V2.1.4 telecommunications equipment; Part 1-2: Classification of
environmental conditions; Transportation Class 2.3
ETSI EN 300 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and

019-1-3 (Class 3.2) environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3:
Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at
weather protected locations

019-1-4 (Class 4.1) environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4:
Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-
weather protected locations

019-2-4 V2.2.2 environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-4:
Specification of environmental tests; Stationary use at non-weather
protected locations
ETSI TR 102 489 Thermal Management Guidance for equipment and its deployment
V1.1.1
ETSI EN 301 126-1 Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 1: Point-to-point
V1.1.2 equipment - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures

ETSI EN 301 Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-1: Point-to-Point
126-3-1 V1.1.2 antennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures
ETSI EN 302 217-1 Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-
V1.3.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and system-
independent common characteristics
ETSI EN 302 Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-
217-2-1 V1.3.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 2-1: System-dependent
requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands
where frequency co-ordination is applied
217-2-2 V1.4.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 2-2: Harmonized EN covering
essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for
digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-
ordination is applied
ETSI EN 302 217-3 Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-
V1.4.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 3: Equipment operating in
frequency bands where both frequency coordinated or
uncoordinated deployment might be applied; Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive
217-4-1 V1.4.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent
requirements for antennas
217-4-2 V1.5.1 point equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Antennas; Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive
ETSI EN 300 253 Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of

telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centers
ETSI EN 300 753 Environmental Engineering (EE); Acoustic noise emitted by

(Class 3.2 attended) telecommunications equipment
B.3 IEC Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L is compliant with the IEC standards related to the waveguide.
Table B-3 Relevant IEC standards

IEC 60154-1 Flanges for waveguides. Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60154-2 Flanges for waveguides. Part 2: Relevant specifications for flanges
for ordinary rectangular waveguides
for flat rectangular waveguides
for circular waveguides
for medium flat rectangular waveguides
IEC 60154-7 Flanges for waveguides Part 7: Relevant specifications for flanges
for square waveguides
IEC 60153-1 Hollow metallic waveguides. Part 1: General requirements and

measuring methods
IEC 60153-2 Hollow metallic waveguides. Part 2: Relevant specifications for

ordinary rectangular waveguides
IEC 60153-3 Hollow metallic waveguides. Part 3: Relevant specifications for flat
rectangular waveguides

circular waveguides

medium flat rectangular waveguides

square waveguides
IEC 60215 Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment
IEC 60825 Safety of laser products
IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment - Safety
IEC 60657 Non-ionizing radiation hazards in the frequency range from 10

MHz to 300 000 MHz
IEC 60297 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
IEC 721-3-4 Classification of environmental conditions Part 3: Classification of

groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4:
Stationary use at non-weather protected locations. Classes
4K2/4Z5/4Z7/4B1/4C2(4C3)/4S2/4M5 (Outdoor Unit)
IEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Testing and

measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge
immunity test Basic EMC Publication

IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility Part 3: Testing and measurement

techniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields;
immunity test.

measurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst
immunity test Basic EMC publication

measurement techniques Section 5: Sruge immunity test

techniques Section 6 conducted disturbances induced by radio-
frequency fields; immunity test

techniques -Voltage dips, short interruptinns and voltage variations
on DC input power port immunity tests
B.4 ITU-T Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the ITU-T standards designed for SDH/PDH equipment.
Table B-4 ITU-T standard

ITU-T G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework
ITU-T G.8011.1 Ethernet private line service
ITU-T G.8011.2 Ethernet virtual private line service
ITU-T G.8261 Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks
ITU-T G.8262 Timing characteristics of synchronous ethernet equipment slave

clock (EEC)
ITU-T G.8264 Timing distribution through packet networks
ITU-T G.8032 Ethernet ring protection switching
ITU-T G.8031 Ethernet protection switching
ITU-T G.8010 Architecture of Ethernet layer networks
ITU-T G.8021 Characteristics of Ethernet transport network equipment functional

blocks
ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
ITU-T G.8110.1 Architecture of MPLS-TP Layer Network

ITU-T G.8113.1 Operations, Administration and Maintenance mechanism for

MPLS-TP networks (G.tpoam)
ITU-T G.8131 Linear protection switching for MPLS transport profile (MPLS-TP)
network
ITU-T Y.1291 An architectural framework for support of quality of service (QoS)

in packet networks
ITU-T Y.1711 Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks
ITU-T Y.1730 Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernet based networks and
Ethernet services
ITU-T Y.1731 OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks
ITU-T K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a

telecommunications centre to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.21 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer

premises to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication

building
B.5 IETF Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with IETF standards.
Table B-5 IETF standard

RFC 791 Internet Protocol
RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base
draft-ietf-l2vpn- L2VPN OAM requirements and framework

oam-req-frmk-05
draft-ietf-l2vpn- Provisioning, autodiscovery, and signaling in L2VPNs

signaling-08
RFC 4664 Framework for layer 2 virtual private networks (L2VPNs)
RFC 3916 Requirements for pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)
RFC 3289 Management information base for the differentiated services

architecture
RFC 3644 Policy quality of service (QoS) Information model

RFC 3670 Information model for describing network device QoS datapath
mechanisms
RFC 2212 Specification of guaranteed quality of service
RFC 2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the
IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
RFC 2475 An architecture for differentiated services
STD 0062 An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management

Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks
RFC5317 Joint Working Team (JWT) Report on MPLS Architectural

Considerations for a Transport Profile
RFC5586 MPLS Generic Associated Channel
RFC5654 Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
RFC5921 A Framework for MPLS in Transport Networks
RFC5860 Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

(OAM) in MPLS Transport Networks
draft-ietf-mpls-tp- An Overview of the OAM Tool Set for MPLS based Transport
oam-analysis Networks
draft-bhh-mpls-tp- MPLS-TP OAM based on Y.1731

oam-y1731
RFC 4541 Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping Switches
RFC 2547 BGP/MPLS VPNs
RFC 2917 A Core MPLS IP VPN Architecture
RFC 4364 BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
RFC 1195 Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments
RFC 3359 Reserved Type, Length and Value (TLV) Codepoints in

Intermediate System to Intermediate System
RFC 3784 IS-IS extensions for Traffic Engineering
RFC 3847 Restart signaling for IS-IS

RTN 900 V100R006C00 supports GR Helper, not support GR
Restarter
RFC 2205 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)
RFC 2209 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Message

Processing Rules
RFC 2210 The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services

RFC 2215 General Characterization Parameters for Integrated Service

Network Elements
RFC 2216 Network Element Service Specification Template
RFC 2747 RSVP Cryptographic Authentication
RFC 2961 RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions
RFC 3097 RSVP Cryptographic Authentication-New Message Type
RFC 3209 RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels
RFC 3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture
RFC 3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding
RFC 5880 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
RFC 5882 Generic Application of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
RFC 5884 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for MPLS Label

Switched Paths (LSPs)
RFC 4379 Detecting Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane

Failures
B.6 IEEE Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the IEEE standards designed for Ethernet networks.
Table B-6 IEEE standard
IEEE 802.1D Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges
IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

(CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications
IEEE 802.1Q Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks
IEEE 802.1ag Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks - Amendment 5: Connectivity

Fault Management
IEEE 802.3x Supplements to Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision

Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer
Specifications
IEEE 802.3ah Amendment: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers,

and Management Parameters for Subscriber Access Networks
IEEE 802.1ab Link Layer Discovery Protocol

IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: Provider

Bridges
B.7 MEF Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with MEF standards.
Table B-7 MEF standard

MEF 2 Requirements and framework for Ethernet service protection in

metro Ethernet networks
MEF 4 Metro Ethernet network architecture framework - Part 1: generic

framework
MEF 9 Abstract Test Suite for Ethernet Services at the UNI
MEF 10 Ethernet services attributes phase 1
MEF 14 Abstract Test Suite for Traffic Management Phase 1
MEF 17 Service OAM Framework and Requirements
MEF 18 Abstract Test Suite for Circuit Emulation Services
MEF 21 Abstract Test Suite for UNI Type 2 Part 1: Link OAM
MEF 22 Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement Phase 1
B.8 AF Standards
The OptiX RTN 980L complies with AF standards.
Table B-8 AF standard

AF-PHY-0086.001 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM Specification Version 1.1
AF-TM-0121.000 Traffic Management Specification
B.9 Environmental Standards

The OptiX RTN 980L complies with the environmental standards designed for split-mount
microwave equipment.

Table B-9 environmental standard

CISPR 22(1997) limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance

characteristics of information
CISPR 24(1998) Information Technology Equipment -Immunity characteristics -

Limits and methods measurement
EN 50383 Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of

electromagnetic field strength and SAR related to human exposure
from radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless
telecommunications system (110 MHz to 40 GHz)
EN 50385 Product standard to demonstrate the compliances of radio base

stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication
systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to
human exposure to ratio frequency electromagnetic fields (110
MHz to 40 GHz)-General public
EN 55022 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance

characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (IEC/CISPR
22:1997, modified + A1:2000); German version EN 55022:1998 +
Corrigendum:2001 + A1:2000
EN 55024 Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics -

Limits and methods of measurement
EN 41003 Particular safety requirements for equipment to be connected to

telecommunication networks;
EN 60825 Safety of laser products
EN 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment
EN 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC

60529:1989 + A1:1999); German version EN 60529:1991 +
A1:2000
EN 61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for

harmonic current emissions (equipment input current< 16 A per
phase)
EN 61000-3-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation

of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-
voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current < - 16 A
per phase and not subject to conditional connection
DSL Forum TR059 DSL Evolution - Architecture Requirements for the Support of
QoS-Enabled IP Services
ISO 10589 ISO IS-IS Routing Protocol

Product Description (Split LH) C Glossary
C Glossary
Numerics
3G See 3rd Generation.
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3rd Generation (3G) The third generation of digital wireless technology, as defined by the International
Telecommunications Union (ITU). Third generation technology is expected to deliver
data transmission speeds between 144 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, compared to the 9.6 kbit/s
to 19.2 kbit/s offered by second generation technology.
802.1Q in 802.1Q A VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN tag to a tagged frame. The
(QinQ) implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN
tag to allow the frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service
provider's backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This provides a layer 2
VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent transmission of packets over
private VLANs.
A
A/D analog/digit
ABR See available bit rate.
ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization.
ACL See access control list.
ADC analog to digital converter
ADM add/drop multiplexer
AF See assured forwarding.
AIS alarm indication signal
ALS See automatic laser shutdown.
AM See adaptive modulation.
APS automatic protection switching
ARP See Address Resolution Protocol.
ASBR See autonomous system boundary router.

ASIC See application-specific integrated circuit.

ATM asynchronous transfer mode
ATPC See automatic transmit power control.
Address Resolution An Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. The ARP protocol
Protocol (ARP) enables hosts and routers to determine link layer addresses through ARP requests and
responses. The address resolution is a process by which the host converts the target IP
address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame. The basic function of
ARP is to use the target equipment's IP address to query its MAC address.
access control list A list of entities, together with their access rights, which are authorized to access a
(ACL) resource.
adaptive modulation A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to
(AM) the channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment uses a high-
efficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum
utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment uses
the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the
link that carries high-priority services.
adjacent channel A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal
alternate polarization polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.
(ACAP)
alarm suppression A method to suppress alarms for the alarm management purpose. Alarms that are
suppressed are no longer reported from NEs.
analog signal A signal in which information is represented with a continuously variable physical
quantity, such as voltage. Because of this constant changing of the wave shape with
regard to its passing a given point in time or space, an analog signal might have a
virtually indefinite number of states or values. This contrasts with a digital signal that
is expressed as a square wave and therefore has a very limited number of discrete
states. Analog signals, with complicated structures and narrow bandwidth, are
vulnerable to external interference.
application-specific A special type of chip that starts out as a nonspecific collection of logic gates. Late in
integrated circuit the manufacturing process, a layer is added to connect the gates for a specific function.
(ASIC) By changing the pattern of connections, the manufacturer can make the chip suitable
for many needs.
assured forwarding One of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF.
(AF) It is suitable for certain key data services that require assured bandwidth and short
delay. For traffic within the bandwidth limit, AF assures quality in forwarding. For
traffic that exceeds the bandwidth limit, AF degrades the service class and continues
to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.
attenuator A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fiber Link. Generally used to
ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.
automatic laser A technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the output power of laser
shutdown (ALS) transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to hazardous levels.
automatic transmit A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal
power control (ATPC) detected at the receiver
autonomous system A router that exchanges routing information with other ASs.
boundary router
(ASBR)

available bit rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible
(ABR) forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time
quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
B-ISDN See broadband integrated services digital network.
BDI See backward defect indication.
BE See best effort.
BER Bit error rate
BFD See Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BIOS See basic input/output system.
BIP See bit interleaved parity.
BPDU See bridge protocol data unit.
BSC See base station controller.
BTS base transceiver station
Bidirectional A fast and independent hello protocol that delivers millisecond-level link failure
Forwarding Detection detection and provides carrier-class availability. After sessions are established between
(BFD) neighboring systems, the systems can periodically send BFD packets to each other. If
one system fails to receive a BFD packet within the negotiated period, the system
regards that the bidirectional link fails and instructs the upper layer protocol to take
actions to recover the faulty link.
backbone network A network that forms the central interconnection for a connected network. The
communication backbone for a country is WAN. The backbone network is an
important architectural element for building enterprise networks. It provides a path for
the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can
tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus
environment, or over wide areas. Generally, the backbone network's capacity is greater
than the networks connected to it.
backward defect A function that the sink node of a LSP, when detecting a defect, uses to inform the
indication (BDI) upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
base station controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM/CDMA network. It
(BSC) interworks with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface.
It provides the following functions: radio resource management, base station
management, power control, handover control, and traffic measurement. One BSC
controls and manages one or more BTSs in an actual network.
basic input/output Firmware stored on the computer motherboard that contains basic input/output control
system (BIOS) programs, power-on self test (POST) programs, bootstraps, and system setting
information. The BIOS provides hardware setting and control functions for the
computer.

best effort (BE) A traditional IP packet transport service. In this service, the diagrams are forwarded
following the sequence of the time they reach. All diagrams share the bandwidth of
the network and routers. The amount of resource that a diagram can use depends of the
time it reaches. BE service does not ensure any improvement in delay time, jitter,
packet loss ratio, and high reliability.
bit interleaved parity A method of error monitoring. With even parity, the transmitting equipment generates
(BIP) an X-bit code over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the first bit
of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered
portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-
bit sequences within the specified portion, and so forth. Even parity is generated by
setting the BIP-X bits so that an even number of 1s exist in each monitored partition
of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits in the same bit position within
the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes
the BIP-X.
bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them.
Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges differ from repeaters because
bridges store and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical
signals. Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while
routers use IP addresses.
bridge protocol data Data messages exchanged across switches within an extended LAN that uses a
unit (BPDU) spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on ports,
addresses, priorities, and costs, and they ensure that the data reaches its intended
destination. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. These loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridge
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
broadband integrated A standard defined by the ITU-T to handle high-bandwidth applications, such as
services digital voice. It currently uses the ATM technology to transmit data over SONNET-based
network (B-ISDN) circuits at 155 to 622 Mbit/s or higher speed.
broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range
is determined by the broadcast address.
broadcast domain A group of network stations that receives broadcast packets originating from any
device within the group. The broadcast domain also refers to the set of ports between
which a device forwards a multicast, broadcast, or unknown destination frame.
C
CAR committed access rate
CBS See committed burst size.
CCDP See co-channel dual polarization.
CDMA See Code Division Multiple Access.
CE See customer edge.
CES See circuit emulation service.
CGMP Cisco Group Management Protocol
CIST See Common and Internal Spanning Tree.
CLNP connectionless network protocol

CM connection management
CORBA See Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
CRC See cyclic redundancy check.
CSES consecutive severely errored second
CSMA/CD See carrier sense multiple access with collision detection.
CW control word
Code Division Multiple A communication scheme that uses frequency expansion technology to form different
Access (CDMA) code sequences. When the CDMA scheme is used, subscribers with different
addresses can use different code sequences for multi-address connection.
Common Object A specification developed by the Object Management Group in 1992 in which pieces
Request Broker of programs (objects) communicate with other objects in other programs, even if the
Architecture (CORBA) two programs are written in different programming languages and are running on
different platforms. A program makes its request for objects through an object request
broker, or ORB, and therefore does not need to know the structure of the program
from which the object comes. CORBA is designed to work in object-oriented
environments.
Common and Internal The single spanning tree jointly calculated by STP and RSTP, the logical connectivity
Spanning Tree (CIST) using MST bridges and regions, and MSTP. The CIST ensures that all LANs in the
bridged local area network are simply and fully connected.
cable tie A tie used to bind cables.
carrier sense multiple Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is a computer
access with collision networking access method in which:
detection (CSMA/CD)
l A carrier sensing scheme is used.
l A transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame,
stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then waits for a random
time interval before trying to send that frame again.
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or speed between two or more
locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio
(microwave), fiber, or any combination of the three. The amount of information
transmitted per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed
in bits per second. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s
(109 bit/s), and Tb/s (1012 bit/s).
circuit emulation A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At
service (CES) the transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These
ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception
end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots.
The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to
the original sequence at the reception end.
clock tracing The method of keeping the time on each node synchronized with a clock source in the
network.
co-channel dual A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a
polarization (CCDP) vertical polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization
has twice the transmission capacity of the single polarization.

committed burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket C, that is, the maximum burst
(CBS) IP packet size when information is transferred at the committed information rate. This
parameter must be greater than 0 but should be not less than the maximum length of
an IP packet to be forwarded.
cross-polarization A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to
interference eliminate the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
cancellation (XPIC)
customer edge (CE) A part of the BGP/MPLS IP VPN model that provides interfaces for directly
connecting to the Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or
host.
cyclic redundancy A procedure used to check for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a
check (CRC) complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before performing the transmission and includes the
generated number in the packet it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device
then repeats the same calculation. If both devices obtain the same result, the
transmission is considered to be error free. This procedure is known as a redundancy
check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-
checking values.
D
DC direct current
DC-C See DC-return common (with ground).
DC-I See DC-return isolate (with ground).
DC-return common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited
(with ground) (DC-C) with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line
between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-return isolate (with A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited
ground) (DC-I) with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the
PGND on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric
equipment.
DCN See data communication network.
DDF digital distribution frame
DDN See digital data network.
DE discard eligible
DM See delay measurement.
DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a
domain that is not DS-capable.
DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior
node.
DSCP See differentiated services code point.
DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol.
DiffServ See differentiated service.

Distance Vector An Internet gateway protocol based primarily on the RIP. The DVMRP protocol
Multicast Routing implements a typical dense mode IP multicast solution and uses IGMP to exchange
Protocol (DVMRP) routing datagrams with its neighbors.
data communication A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the data
network (DCN) communication function.
delay measurement The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source
(DM) node until the reception of the last bit of the loopbacked frame by the same source
node, when the loopback is performed at the frame's destination node.
differentiated service An IETF standard that defines a mechanism for controlling and forwarding traffic in a
(DiffServ) differentiated manner based on CoS settings to handle network congestion.
differentiated services According to the QoS classification standard of the Differentiated Service (Diff-Serv),
code point (DSCP) the type of services (ToS) field in the IP header consists of six most significant bits
and two currently unused bits, which are used to form codes for priority marking.
Differentiated services code point (DSCP) is the six most important bits in the ToS. It
is the combination of IP precedence and types of service. The DSCP value is used to
ensure that routers supporting only IP precedence can be used because the DSCP
value is compatible with IP precedence. Each DSCP maps a per-hop behavior (PHB).
Therefore, terminal devices can identify traffic using the DSCP value.
digital data network A data transmission network that is designed to transmit data on digital channels (such
(DDN) as the fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel).
digital modulation A method that controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier
based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the information
can be transmitted by the carrier.
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to simultaneously radiate or receive two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
E
E-Aggr See Ethernet aggregation.
E-LAN See Ethernet local area network.
E-Line See Ethernet line.
EMC See electromagnetic compatibility.
EMI See electromagnetic interference.
EPL See Ethernet private line.
EPLAN See Ethernet private LAN service.
EPLD See erasable programmable logic device.
ERPS Ethernet ring protection switching
ESD electrostatic discharge
ETS European Telecommunication Standards
ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line.
EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service.

Ethernet A LAN technology that uses the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
(CSMA/CD) media access control method. The Ethernet network is highly reliable
and easy to maintain. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s,
1000 Mbit/s, or 10,000 Mbit/s.
Ethernet aggregation A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
(E-Aggr) connection).
Ethernet line (E-Line) A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
connection).
Ethernet local area A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC (Ethernet
network (E-LAN) virtual connection).
Ethernet private LAN A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
service (EPLAN) networks. This service is carried over dedicated bandwidth between multipoint-to-
multipoint connections.
Ethernet private line A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
(EPL) networks. This service is carried over dedicated bandwidth between point-to-point
connections.
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
private LAN service networks. This service is carried over shared bandwidth between multipoint-to-
(EVPLAN) multipoint connections.
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer
private line (EVPL) networks. This service is carried over shared bandwidth between point-to-point
connections.
European A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
(ETSI)
electromagnetic A condition which prevails when telecommunications equipment is performing its
compatibility (EMC) individually designed function in a common electromagnetic environment without
causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional electromagnetic
interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
electromagnetic Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or
interference (EMI) limits the performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
erasable A logic array device which can be used to implement the required functions by
programmable logic programming the array. In addition, a user can modify and program the array
device (EPLD) repeatedly until the program meets the requirement.
F
FD See frequency diversity.
FDDI See fiber distributed data interface.
FDI See forward defect indication.
FEC See forward error correction.
FFD fast failure detection

FFD packet A path failure detection method independent from CV. Different from a CV packet,
the frequency for generating FFD packets is configurable to satisfy different service
requirements. By default, the frequency is 20/s. An FFD packet contains information
the same as that in a CV packet. The destination end LSR processes FFD packets in
the same way for processing CV packets.
FIFO See first in first out.
FPGA See field programmable gate array.
fiber distributed data A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-
interface (FDDI) speed fiber-optic LANs. FDDI provides specifications for transmission rates of 100
megabits per second on token ring networks.
field programmable A semi-customized circuit that is used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit
gate array (FPGA) (ASIC) field and developed based on programmable components. FPGA remedies
many of the deficiencies of customized circuits, and allows the use of many more gate
arrays.
first in first out (FIFO) A stack management method in which data that is stored first in a queue is also read
and invoked first.
forward defect A packet generated and traced forward to the sink node of the LSP by the node that
indication (FDI) first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the defect and its
location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level
client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.
forward error A bit error correction technology that adds correction information to the payload at the
correction (FEC) transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission can be corrected at the receive end.
fragmentation A process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network
node that does not support the original size of the packet.
frequency diversity A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
(FD) frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
G
GCRA generic cell rate algorithm
GFC generic flow control
GFP See Generic Framing Procedure.
GNE See gateway network element.
GPS See Global Positioning System.
GTS See generic traffic shaping.
GUI graphical user interface
Generic Framing A framing and encapsulated method that can be applied to any data type. GFP is
Procedure (GFP) defined by ITU-T G.7041.
Global Positioning A global navigation satellite system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and
System (GPS) timing services to users worldwide.
gateway network An NE that serves as a gateway for other NEs to communicate with a network
element (GNE) management system.

generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that proactively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This
(GTS) is to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream
router to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
H
HQoS See hierarchical quality of service.
HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access.
HSM hitless switch mode
High Speed Downlink A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the
Packet Access requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It
(HSDPA) enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without
changing the WCDMA network topology.
hierarchical quality of A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the scheduling according
service (HQoS) to the priority of user services. HQoS has an advanced traffic statistics function, and
the administrator can monitor the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the
bandwidth can be allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.
hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio
supports the AM function.
I
I/O input/output
ICMP See Internet Control Message Protocol.
IDU See indoor unit.
IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IF See intermediate frequency.
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol.
IGP See Interior Gateway Protocol.
IPv4 See Internet Protocol version 4.
IPv6 See Internet Protocol version 6.
ISDN integrated services digital network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IST internal spanning tree
ITU See International Telecommunication Union.
Institute of Electrical A professional association of electrical and electronics engineers based in the United
and Electronics States, but with membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on
Engineers (IEEE) electrical, electronics, and computer engineering, and produces many important
technology standards.
Interior Gateway A routing protocol that is used within an autonomous system. The IGP runs in small-
Protocol (IGP) sized and medium-sized networks. The commonly used IGPs are the routing
information protocol (RIP), the interior gateway routing protocol (IGRP), the
enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), and the open shortest path first (OSPF).

International A United Nations agency, one of the most important and influential recommendation
Telecommunication bodies, responsible for recommending standards for telecommunication (ITU-T) and
Union (ITU) radio networks (ITU-R).
Internet Control A network layer protocol that provides message control and error reporting between a
Message Protocol host server and an Internet gateway.
(ICMP)
Internet Group One of the TCP/IP protocols for managing the membership of Internet Protocol
Management Protocol multicast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and
(IGMP) maintain multicast group memberships.
Internet Protocol The current version of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv4 utilizes a 32bit address which is
version 4 (IPv4) assigned to hosts. An address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is
written as 4 octets separated by periods and may range from 0.0.0.0 through to
255.255.255.255. Each IPv4 address consists of a network number, an optional
subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers
together are used for routing, and the host number is used to address an individual host
within the network or subnetwork.
Internet Protocol An update version of IPv4, which is designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
version 6 (IPv6) (IETF) and is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). It is a new version of the Internet
Protocol. The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits
while an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
indoor unit (IDU) The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,
multiplexing/demultiplexing, and intermediate frequency (IF) processing for services.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
(IF) signal.
L
L2VPN Layer 2 virtual private network
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol.
LAG See link aggregation group.
LAN See local area network.
LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH
LB See loopback.
LCAS See link capacity adjustment scheme.
LM See loss measurement.
LOS See loss of signal.
LPT link-state pass through
LSDB link state database
LSP tunnel An LSP over which traffic is transmitted based on labels that are assigned to FECs on
the ingress. The traffic is transparent to the intermediate nodes
LSR See label switching router.

Layer 2 switching A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch
transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC
address is at the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called
Layer 2 switching.
Link Aggregation A dynamic link aggregation protocol that improves the transmission speed and
Control Protocol reliability. The two ends of the link send LACP packets to inform each other of their
(LACP) parameters and form a logical aggregation link. After the aggregation link is formed,
LACP maintains the link status in real time and dynamically adjusts the ports on the
aggregation link upon detecting the failure of a physical port.
label switching router Basic element of an MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR
(LSR) is composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible
for allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table,
creating and removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to
groups received in the label forwarding table.
laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The
laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. Semi-conductor lasers provide the
light used in a fiber system.
line rate The maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of line rate equals the
maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
(LAG) aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it
were a single link.
link capacity LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation functions provides a
adjustment scheme control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease the capacity of a link to meet the
(LCAS) bandwidth needs of the application. It also provides a means of removing member
links that have experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity
initiation, increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of the end-to-end path
is the responsibility of the network and element management systems.
local area network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few
(LAN) square kilometers or within a single building, featuring high speed and low error rate.
Current LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and run
at 1,000 Mbit/s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
loopback (LB) A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The loopback can be a inloop or outloop.
loss measurement A method used to collect counter values applicable for ingress and egress service
(LM) frames where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames
between a pair of MEPs.
loss of signal (LOS) No transitions occurring in the received signal.
M
MA maintenance association
MAC See Media Access Control.
MADM multiple add/drop multiplexer
MD See maintenance domain.
MD5 See message digest algorithm 5.

MDI medium dependent interface

MEP maintenance association end point
MIB See management information base.
MLPPP Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol
MP maintenance point
MPLS See Multiprotocol Label Switching.
MPLS L2VPN A network that provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network. In this
case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of
different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.
MPLS TE multiprotocol label switching traffic engineering
MPLS VPN See multiprotocol label switching virtual private network.
MS multiplex section
MSP See multiplex section protection.
MST region See Multiple Spanning Tree region.
MSTI See multiple spanning tree instance.
MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol.
MTBF See mean time between failures.
MTTR See mean time to repair.
Media Access Control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of
(MAC) the data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and
connecting the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC
protocol checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted,
certain control information is added to the data, and then the data and the control
information are transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving
data, the MAC protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the
data is transmitted correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted
correctly, the control information is removed from the data and then the data is
transmitted to the LLC layer.
Multiple Spanning A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks
Tree Protocol (MSTP) redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this
case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network.
The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning
trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN
because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
Multiple Spanning A region that consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among
Tree region (MST them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST
region) region attributes belong to the same MST region.
Multiprotocol Label A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different
Switching (MPLS) link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the
basis of IP routing and control protocols.
maintenance domain The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by
(MD) connectivity fault management (CFM). The devices in a maintenance domain are
managed by a single Internet service provider (ISP).

management A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
information base comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such
(MIB) as routers and switches) in a network.
mean time between The average time between consecutive failures of a piece of equipment. It is a measure
failures (MTBF) of the reliability of the system.
mean time to repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
(MTTR)
message digest A hash function that is used in a variety of security applications to check message
algorithm 5 (MD5) integrity. MD5 processes a variable-length message into a fixed-length output of 128
bits. It breaks up an input message into 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit little-endian
integers). After a series of processing, the output consists of four 32-bit words, which
are then cascaded into a 128-bit hash number.
multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a
multicast group rather than a host.
multiple spanning tree A type of spanning trees calculated by MSTP within an MST Region, to provide a
instance (MSTI) simply and fully connected active topology for frames classified as belonging to a
VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST Configuration. A VLAN cannot be
assigned to multiple MSTIs.
multiplex section A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between
protection (MSP) and including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to
a "protection" channel.
multiprotocol label An Internet Protocol (IP) virtual private network (VPN) based on the multiprotocol
switching virtual label switching (MPLS) technology. It applies the MPLS technology for network
private network routers and switches, simplifies the routing mode of core routers, and combines
(MPLS VPN) traditional routing technology and label switching technology. It can be used to
construct the broadband Intranet and Extranet to meet various service requirements.
N
N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE network element
NE Explorer The main operation interface of the NMS, which is used to manage the
telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, a user can query, manage, and
maintain NEs, boards, and ports.
NNI network-to-network interface
NPE network provider edge
NSAP See network service access point.
NSF non-stop forwarding
network service access A network address defined by ISO, at which the OSI Network Service is made
point (NSAP) available to a Network service user by the Network service provider.

network storm A phenomenon that occurs during data communication. To be specific, mass broadcast
packets are transmitted in a short time; the network is congested; transmission quality
and availability of the network decrease rapidly. The network storm is caused by
network connection or configuration problems.
non-GNE See non-gateway network element.
non-gateway network A network element that communicates with the NM application layer through the
element (non-GNE) gateway NE application layer.
O
O&M operation and maintenance
OAM See operation, administration and maintenance.
OAMPDU operation, administration and maintenance protocol data unit
ODF optical distribution frame
ODU See outdoor unit.
OSPF See Open Shortest Path First.
Open Shortest Path A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing that uses
First (OSPF) cost as its routing metric. A link state database is constructed of the network topology,
which is identical on all routers in the area.
operation, A set of network management functions that cover fault detection, notification,
administration and location, and repair.
maintenance (OAM)
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or
maintenance engineers of different stations.
outdoor unit (ODU) The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency
conversion and amplification for radio frequency (RF) signals.
P
P2P See point-to-point service.
PCB See printed circuit board.
PDH See plesiochronous digital hierarchy.
PE See provider edge.
PHB See per-hop behavior.
PLA See physical link aggregation.
PLL See phase-locked loop.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PRBS See pseudo random binary sequence.
PRI primary rate interface
PSN See packet switched network.
PTN packet transport network

PTP Precision Time Protocol

PTP clock See Precision Time Protocol clock.
PVP See permanent virtual path.
PW See pseudo wire.
PWE3 See pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge.
Precision Time A type of high-decision clock defined by the IEEE 1588 V2 standard. The IEEE 1588
Protocol clock (PTP V2 standard specifies the precision time protocol (PTP) in a measurement and control
clock) system. The PTP protocol ensures clock synchronization precise to sub-microseconds.
packet switched A telecommunications network that works in packet switching mode.
network (PSN)
per-hop behavior IETF Diff-Serv workgroup defines forwarding behaviors of network nodes as per-hop
(PHB) behaviors (PHB), such as, traffic scheduling and policing. A device in the network
should select the proper PHB behaviors, based on the value of DSCP. At present, the
IETF defines four types of PHB. They are class selector (CS), expedited forwarding
(EF), assured forwarding (AF), and best-effort (BE).
permanent virtual Virtual path that consists of PVCs.
path (PVP)
phase-locked loop A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector that compares the frequency of a
(PLL) voltage-controlled oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or reference-
frequency generator. The output of the phase detector, after passing through a loop
filter, is fed back to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in phase with
the incoming or reference frequency.
physical link Being a technology providing load balancing based on physical layer bandwidths,
aggregation (PLA) physical link aggregation (PLA) combines Ethernet transmission paths in several
Integrated IP radio links into a logical Ethernet link for higher Ethernet bandwidth and
Ethernet transmission reliability.
plesiochronous digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the
hierarchy (PDH) minimum rate 64 kit/s into rates of 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s.
point-to-point service A service between two terminal users. In P2P services, senders and recipients are
(P2P) terminal users.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to
the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if
the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
printed circuit board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components
(PCB) using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated
onto a non-conductive substrate.
provider edge (PE) A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for managing VPN users, establishing LSPs between PEs, and exchanging
routing information between sites of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and
forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can
be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

pseudo random binary A sequence that is random in the sense that the value of each element is independent
sequence (PRBS) of the values of any of the other elements, similar to a real random sequence.
pseudo wire (PW) An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is
established and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information
of a PW is maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
pseudo wire emulation An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the essential attributes of
edge-to-edge (PWE3) a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a packet switched
network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed time
division multiplexing (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates
to the real situation.
Q
QPSK See quadrature phase shift keying.
QinQ See 802.1Q in 802.1Q.
quadrature phase shift A modulation method of data transmission through the conversion or modulation and
keying (QPSK) the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth
period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four
dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can
perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the
minimum BER.
R
RADIUS See Remote Authentication Dial In User Service.
RADIUS accounting An accounting mode in which the BRAS sends the accounting packets to the RADIUS
server. Then the RADIUS server performs accounting.
RDI remote defect indication
RED See random early detection.
REI remote error indication
RF See radio frequency.
RFC See Request For Comments.
RMEP remote maintenance association end point
RMON remote network monitoring
RNC See radio network controller.
RSL See received signal level.
RSSI See received signal strength indicator.
RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol.
RTN radio transmission node
Rapid Spanning Tree An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) that provides faster spanning tree
Protocol (RSTP) convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with
the STP protocol.

Remote Authentication A security service that authenticates and authorizes dial-up users and is a centralized
Dial In User Service access control mechanism. As a distributed server/client system, RADIUS provides
(RADIUS) the AAA function.
Request For A document in which a standard, a protocol, or other information pertaining to the
Comments (RFC) operation of the Internet is published. The RFC is actually issued, under the control of
the IAB, after discussion and serves as the standard. RFCs can be obtained from
sources such as InterNIC.
Resource Reservation A protocol that reserves resources on every node along a path. RSVP is designed for
Protocol (RSVP) an integrated services Internet.
RoHS restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances
radio frequency (RF) A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an
electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic
wave. The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current.
The AC with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can
be classified into such high-frequency current.
radio network A device in a radio network subsystem that is in charge of controlling the usage and
controller (RNC) integrity of radio resources.
random early detection A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
(RED) to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP
synchronization resulting from traditional tail drop can be prevented.
real-time variable bit A parameter intended for real-time applications, such as compressed voice over IP
rate (rt-VBR) (VoIP) and video conferencing. The rt-VBR is characterized by a peak cell rate (PCR),
sustained cell rate (SCR), and maximum burst size (MBS). You can expect the source
device to transmit in bursts and at a rate that varies with time.
received signal level The signal level at a receiver input terminal.
(RSL)
received signal The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
strength indicator receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
(RSSI) within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the
antenna
receiver sensitivity The minimum acceptable value of mean received power at point Rn (a reference point
at an input to a receiver optical connector) to achieve a 1x10-12 BER when the FEC is
enabled.
regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes,
waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.
rt-VBR See real-time variable bit rate.
S
SAI service area identifier
SAToP Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing over Packet
SD See space diversity.
SDH See synchronous digital hierarchy.
SEC security screening

SES severely errored second

SETS SDH equipment timing source
SF See signal fail.
SFP small form-factor pluggable
SLA See service level agreement.
SNCP subnetwork connection protection
SNMP See Simple network management protocol.
SNR See signal-to-noise ratio.
SSM See Synchronization Status Message.
STM See synchronous transport module.
STM-1 See Synchronous Transport Module level 1.
STM-4 Synchronous Transport Module level 4
STM-N Synchronous Transport Module level N
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
Simple network "An IETF protocol for monitoring and managing systems and devices in a network.
management protocol The data being monitored and managed is defined by a MIB. The functions supported
(SNMP) by the protocol are the request and retrieval of data, the setting or writing of data, and
traps that signal the occurrence of events."
Synchronization Status A message that carries the quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous timing
Message (SSM) link. SSM messages provide upstream clock information to nodes on an SDH network
or synchronization network.
Synchronous Synchronous transfer mode at 155 Mbit/s.
Transport Module
level 1 (STM-1)
service level agreement A service agreement between a customer and a service provider. SLA specifies the
(SLA) service level for a customer. The customer can be a user organization (source domain)
or another differentiated services domain (upstream domain). An SLA may include
traffic conditioning rules which constitute a traffic conditioning agreement as a whole
or partially.
signal fail (SF) A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
signal-to-noise ratio The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a
(SNR) given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB.
single-polarized An antenna intended to radiate or receive radio waves with only one specified
antenna polarization.
space diversity (SD) A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance
to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two
signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.

synchronous digital A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. SDH defines the
hierarchy (SDH) transmission features of digital signals, such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-
ISDN.
synchronous transport An information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It
module (STM) consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields
organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125. The information is
suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is
synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed
STM-1. Higher capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic
rate. STM capacities for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are
under consideration.
T
T1 A North American standard for high-speed data transmission at 1.544Mbps. It
provides 24 x 64 kbit/s channels.
TCI tag control information
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD-SCDMA See Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access.
TDM See time division multiplexing.
TDMA See Time Division Multiple Access.
TEDB See traffic engineering database.
TIM trace identifier mismatch
TMN See telecommunications management network.
TOS test operation system
TTL See time to live.
TUG tributary unit group
Telnet A standard terminal emulation protocol in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Telnet allows
users to log in to remote systems and use resources as if they were connected to a local
system. Telnet is defined in RFC 854.
Time Division Multiple An approach used for allocating a single channel among many users, by dividing the
Access (TDMA) channel into different timeslots during which each user has access to the medium.
Time Division- A 3G mobile communications standard found in UMTS mobile telecommunications
Synchronous Code networks in China as an alternative to W-CDMA. TD-SCDMA integrates technologies
Division Multiple of CDMA, TDMA, and FDMA, and makes use of technologies including intelligent
Access (TD-SCDMA) antenna, joint detection, low chip rate (LCR), and adaptive power control. With the
flexibility of service processing, a TD-SCDMA network can connect to other
networks through the RNC.
tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded
when the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
tangent ring A concept borrowed from geometry. Two tangent rings have a common node between
them. The common node often leads to single-point failures.

telecommunications A protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications
management network network. TMN manages the planning, provisioning, installation, and OAM of
(TMN) equipment, networks, and services.
time division A multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time
multiplexing (TDM) slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3…), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross
time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be
transmitted over one channel.
time to live (TTL) A specified period of time for best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets from
looping endlessly.
trTCM See two rate three color marker.
traffic engineering A type of database that every router generates after collecting the information about
database (TEDB) TE of every links in its area. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the
MPLS TE network.
tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of
the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes: no loopback, outloop,
and inloop.
tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.
In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The
tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases,
a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.
two rate three color An algorithm that meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two
marker (trTCM) rates, Peak Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their
associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it
exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether
it exceeds or does not exceed the CIR.
U
UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
UAS unavailable second
UBR+ Unspecified Bit Rate Plus
UNI See user-to-network interface.
UPC See usage parameter control.
unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
usage parameter During communications, UPC is implemented to monitor the actual traffic on each
control (UPC) virtual circuit that is input to the network. Once the specified parameter is exceeded,
measures will be taken to control. NPC is similar to UPC in function. The difference is
that the incoming traffic monitoring function is divided into UPC and NPC according
to their positions. UPC locates at the user/network interface, while NPC at the network
interface.
user-to-network The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for
interface (UNI) example, ATM switches).
V
V-NNI virtual network-network interface

V-UNI See virtual user-network interface.

VB virtual bridge
VBR See variable bit rate.
VC See virtual container.
VCC See virtual channel connection.
VCCV virtual circuit connectivity verification
VCG See virtual concatenation group.
VCI virtual channel identifier
VCTRUNK A virtual concatenation group applied in data service mapping, also called the internal
port of a data service processing board.
VPI See virtual path identifier.
VPLS virtual private LAN segment
VPN virtual private network
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
variable bit rate (VBR) One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice
calls.
virtual channel A VC logical trail that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. A
connection (VCC) point-to-multipoint VCC is a set of ATM virtual connections between two or multiple
end points.
virtual circuit A channel or circuit established between two points on a data communications
network with packet switching. Virtual circuits can be permanent virtual circuits
(PVCs) or switched virtual circuits (SVCs) .
virtual concatenation A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the
group (VCG) same virtual concatenation link.
virtual container (VC) An information structure used to support path layer connections in the SDH. A VC
consists of a payload and path overhead (POH), which are organized in a block frame
structure that repeats every 125 μs or 500 μs.
virtual path identifier The field in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell header that identifies to
(VPI) which virtual path the cell belongs.
virtual user-network A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point to perform service
interface (V-UNI) classification and traffic control in HQoS.
W
WCDMA See Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.
WDM wavelength division multiplexing
WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment
WFQ See weighted fair queuing.
WRR weighted round robin

WTR See wait to restore.

Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located at the NE
management layer of the transport network.
Wideband Code A standard defined by the ITU-T for the third-generation wireless technology derived
Division Multiple from the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.
Access (WCDMA)
wait to restore (WTR) The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to the working line.
weighted fair queuing A fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This
(WFQ) scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according
to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all
priority queues can be scheduled.
winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
X
XPIC See cross-polarization interference cancellation.


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Product Description (Split LH)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 980L V100R009C10

iManager U2000 V200R016C60

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Calls attention to important information,

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Updates in Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Based on Product Version V100R009C10

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

2 Functions and Features............................................................................................................... 12

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

2.18 Network Management................................................................................................................................................ 40

4 Networking and Applications.................................................................................................. 74

5 Network Management System..................................................................................................86

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

6.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability.............................................................................................................................105

A Service Features........................................................................................................................ 122

B Compliance Standards............................................................................................................. 138

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

About This Chapter

1.1 Network Application

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.1 Network Application

l Large-capacity and long haul trunk transmission

Figure 1-1 OptiX RTN 980L long haul radio solution

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

Figure 1-2 OptiX RTN 980L long haul system

Table 1-1 Basic information about the IDU 980L

Number of radio directions 1 to 14 (L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz)

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

RF configuration mode l N+0 non-protection

Service interface type l E1 interface

Figure 1-3 Appearance of the IDU 980L

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

Table 1-2 RFU supported by the OptiX RTN 980L

Series type XMC-LH

Frequency band 5/L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz

Channel spacing 28/40/56 MHz (5/U6/8/11 GHz)

Figure 1-4 Appearance of an RFU

Figure 1-5 Appearance of an RFU (5G Hz)

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

A common BU supports the L6/U6/7/8/11 GHz frequency band.

Figure 1-6 shows the appearance of a BU-SD.

Figure 1-6 Appearance of a BU (4+0 BU-SD)

Figure 1-7 Appearance of a BU (3+0 BU-SD)

A compact BU supports the 5 GHz frequency band.

Issue 01 (2016-12-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

Figure 1-8 Appearance of a compact BU (4+0 BU-SD)

Figure 1-9 Appearance of a compact BU (3+0 BU-SD)

1.3 Product Highlights

This section describes main highlights of OptiX RTN 980L V100R009C10.