The human dimension
Don Glynn takes the pain out of adding figures to your paintings
scien psalen ay
Ate Reece
understanding of the
human figure. Without this
knowledge your subject matter will
oe ee eee
they are unable to paint figures
Sb chose wee hee es
‘vast number of paintings devoid of
life: empty street scenes, and
dol hae eens
ee
transformed by the introduction of
figures.
‘Anyone who applies themselves
with due diligence can become.
es
requires simply the desire, good
Sh bee ances:
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‘Shapes and proportions
Front view Rather than thinking
of the figure in terms of lines, look
for the basic shapes and
proportions of the body then
join them together. In its simplest
Component parts, the figure is
made up of the head, the torso,
‘upper extremities and, finaly,
lower extremities (Figure 1, top
right). Figure 2 (right) shows how
brought these simple shapes
together to achieve basic male and
female figures.
Figure 3 (above right) shows the
sequence I used to paint these
‘simple forms using 4 mix of
cadmium red with a touch of
cadmium yellow. When trying this
exercise, relate the size of the
head to the rest of the body, and
notice how the upper and lower
‘extremities are larger at the top
and taper away at the feet.
Remember you are not making an
anatomical drawing. you are
‘creating simpte figure shapes t0
complement and help your
composition. So relax and don't
‘worry if the proportions don't look
right. Analyse where you are going
wrong, then continue until you are
satisfied with the result.
Side view I repeated the:
exercises to show the side views
(of the male and female figures
(Figure 4, right). Notice how the
vertical line of gravity helps you to
balance the figure, and the
curvatures of the spine helps to
define the tors.
38° LetsurePainter yous
Male Female
Upper and lower
‘eatemites
‘4 Figure 1 Sihovetid figue shapes, showing individual features
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was
44 Figure 2 The shapes from ‘4 Figure 3 The shapes are then painted using a No. 10 sable bresh
Figure 1 are put together to and tiem washes o cadmium red with a touch of cadmium yellow.
‘make male and female figures ‘And there you have simple figures
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‘a Figure 4 Persil sketch of side view above then sequence of painied
‘male ard female forms, The vertical line helps you to balance the figure
ive painters-onlinePosture
“The next step is to consider the
human figure in a variety of pose
‘This introduces movement into the
‘equation so itis important to
‘consider and simplify the major
moving parts of the body: the head,
torso, shoulder girdle, arms,
forearms, hands, thighs, lower legs
and feet
Stand in front of a minor, move
these parts individually then
combine the movement 1 see the
shapes you make. Turning the
head, nodding or shrugging the
shoulder are just some of the many
movements we perform daily. Note
that the movement sets off a chain
reaction through the body, which
helps maintuin balance. I is these
postures that we must learn to
capture
used the same inal simple
shapes in Figure 5 (top) but on the
first two lefi-hand male and female
figures, white spaces have been
used for the articulations. It is now
a simple matter of painting the
figures in their swim wear and you
have the makings of a beach scene
(Figure 6, right).
Movement
With proportion and posture under
‘our belts, we progress to sketching
random figures in action (Figure 7,
right), Despite having painted the
figures in a very casual manner,
they look like puppets and there is
‘no unity i the scene. They are
simply individual, unlinked shapes.
However, the figures are a
reasonable example of gesture
painting, which I use in many of
my painting. The Natural Way to
Paint by Charles Reid (Watson-
Guptill, £1299, 1SBN
9780823031733) has a delightful
section on gesture painting. If you
can find a Copy, all your problems
solved!
Figure 8 (below) is further
progression of gesture painting by
the addition of sand and sea. I
have kept with the beach theme for
is fist sketch of a group. I kept
the sketch loose and indistinet,
which adds character to the litle
scene. | also added scribbled line
to define the figures more. Below is
an explanation of how I painted the
Painting process
1 blobbed in the heads, arms and
legs using a mix of cadmium red
and yellow.
2 When this was reasonably dry, 1
painted the cobalt blue top on the
Jeftchand figure then used cadmium
yellow for the dress
3 The skin was cadmium red,
cobah blue and other diny colours
fon my palete.
4 The shorts on the right-hand
won paintersonline co.uk
figuee we
umber,
painted with raw
rm sepia, and again
other dirty colours on my palette
and
e
‘The figure’s hair was painted with
the sume colour mix.
/ 1 ' 5 When ths was dry, I used a light
sgrey mix made from cerulean blue
sadmium red for the lefthand
fi figure and the blouse of the gil in
4 the brown skirt
6 The background was simple
washes of potters pink, yellow
‘ochte, and cobalt blue with s touch
Of potter's pink. A splash of this
colour was also added to the
figures.
«4 Figure 5The letthand figures show where the articulations are 71 finished with line scribbling,
placed on the figure, which helps remind us of how the body moves using a Rigger to mess up oF
highlight aspects of the figures.
This may have been a mistake but,
in writing this article, Lam also
experimenting ad taking chances
Bur this final scribbling brings to
mind the essential requirement of
any artist ~ don’ file
Groups
4 \ age, s ig
deals with the problems of dawing
too much atention to one figure
through an ey Try
' t avoud this because the oly thing
1, shows groups of figures and
ess of detail. Try to
use the only’ thing
that will atiract the viewer's eye is
the dominant figure. An initial
‘4. Figure 6Add swim wear and your figures are ready for a
sketch, Figure 9 (top of page 40),
beach scene ‘gave me a rough indication of the
‘4 Figure 7 Simple action figures demonstrate gesture panting technique
‘4 Figure 8 Acton figures on the beach
‘wy 2000 Leisure Painter 39
»44. Figure 10 In this beach scene, shapes ar focused on rather than detailed portraits of figures, which adds tothe
teneralivelines of te scene. The colours used were mixes of burt sienna and umber, raw umber, cobalt blue,
‘indian with the odd touch ofalizarin crimson, cadmium red and yeow
figure compositions which are
shown in the finished colour
sketch (Figure 10, above). The
main figures in Figure 10 are in
the foreground and harmonise
with the middle distant figures. 1
connected the two groups by
applying simple masses that blend
in with the heads and the torsos of
the foreground figures. itis a bit
of a muddle but, on a well-
populated beach, shimmering in
ihe heat, nothing defined but
the foreground figures. This
creates the stmosphere and
captures the life and vitality of the
T started by painting the
headland, which occupied the
upper quarter of the sketch, Using
1 No, 14 Da Vinei sable brush, 1
applied a light wash of raw sienna
and continued it down t0 include
the foreground. This dried rapidly
the heat and [ was able t0 paint
the colour shapes of the headiand
quickly. 1 was painting contra jour
(into the light) so the
‘onal and colour
T painted over the
figures that
protruded into the
eadland. The small
area of Sea was
painted with cobalt
blue and a touch of
cadmium red to tone
down. [took cae
(o retain the triangle
shape of the
40 Leisure painter yy
‘4 Figure 11 An unusual va
‘umbrella. 1 continued with this
h to cover the base of the
headland and form the shadow
shapes in the middle distance and
foreground, Water was added to
dilute the blue as L worked my
way down the painting,
When this passage was dry, 1
painted the two foreground
figures using thick pigment
Uliramarine blue and sepia was
used for the figure in blue, and
cadinium red with raw sienna for
the figure in red, The skin tones
were mixed from cadmium red
and yellow then, when dry, a cast
shadow was applied. The middle
distant and distant figures were
ited as one mass with
‘iations in tone and some lights
to suggest heads and extremi
‘To finish, I used white go
for highlights and added more
‘cast shadows as I felt necessary
From above
Figure 11 (below) shows how to
ge point makes figures more
interesting ~ but accurate drawing is paramount
paint figures from a high vantag
point. Tigs was the easiest ofthe
sketches to do because, once yo
hhave the figures drawn accurate
the rests relatively simple, App
awash of yellow ochre or aw
sienna, cutting out the Figures a
the water's edge so they are lef
as white paper. Apply the skin
tones then the darks and colour
asshown, A few diagonal
brushstrokes completes the
water's edge and the sketch.
Focal points
When figures are the focal point
of a painting, you need to work
more carefully at the pencil