Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301350658
CITATIONS READS
0 359
7 authors, including:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Teacher motivation: The role of organizational and individuals variables, and job attitudes. View
project
Sleep quality in older people: implications for quality of life and prevention of depression View
project
All content following this page was uploaded by Nathália Brandolim Becker on 18 April 2016.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document
and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Advanced Research in Health, Education and Social Sciences: Towards a better practice
Chapter IV
Note: This paper is supported by FCT (CIEO – Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics,
University of Algarve, Portugal)
Abstract: The present literature review aims to analyze the research published between 2005
and 2015 relative to the relationship between stress and sleep quality, using the Pittsburgh
Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as an instrument to assess the sleep aspects. This review was
conducted in May 2015 based on the electronic databases Web of Science and EBSCO. We used
the keywords “sleep quality” and “stress” focusing our target on empirical studies. After
reading the collected studies (n=1267), only those who comprised adult samples were selected,
resulting in a total of 15 studies. It was found that stress is associated with several individual
factors, such as age, employment status, type of work, personality, level of education, and
socio-economic status. When considering the use of the PSQI, stress also influenced the quality
of sleep as a whole and in its specific components. Depression was considered important in
stress relative to the sleep quality. Other relevant variables were the sociodemographic
indicators and socioeconomic status. Therefore, it is essential to assess the context of stress and
sleep quality so one can establish new explanations for their relationship and functions. In
conclusion, it is necessary to develop thorough studies that take into consideration the
importance of complementary variables, i.e., psychosocial, sociodemographic, and
socioeconomic status, in the context of the quality of sleep. In this way, it will be possible to
understand the effects of the quality of sleep in different samples.
Some studies have also established sleep as importance of evaluating the influence of
an important element in psychiatric stress on the processes concerning the proper
conditions (Baglioni, Nanovska et al., 2014a; functioning of sleep (Cho et al., 2013;
Baglioni, Spiegelhalder et al., 2014b). Poor Gamaldo et al., 2014; Kashani et al., 2012;
quality of sleep and insomnia are related to Ko, Chang, & Chen, 2010; Okun et al.,
emotion, previous studies have observed the 2014), given that it is an essential dimension
effects of loneliness, grief, hostility, of health (Buysse, 2014). Knowing the
impulsivity, stress, depression, and anxiety importance of stress and sleep quality for
on sleep (Baglioni, Spiegelhalder, health, conducting a review on the empirical
Lombardo, & Riemann, 2010; Cho et al., studies addressing this topic is relevant,
2013; Gallagher, Phillips, & Carroll, 2010; particularly since there are no previous
Okun, Tolge, & Hall, 2014). Emotion and literature reviews or meta-analysis published
sleep have shown a close relationship, which about this relationship.
is increasingly recognized as an important Stress may conduce to negative health
area of research (Kurina et al., 2011). Recent implications, including increasing the
studies have reported some mechanisms of likelihood of cardiovascular disease, directly
sleep (Carter et al., 2012; Siegel, 2011) in an affecting the nervous system, as well as
effort to understand its behavioral increasing the probability of involvement in
complexity and advancing beyond risk behaviors, such as smoking and
pathological descriptions, trying to excessive alcohol consumption, which will
understand the processes that lead to a good propitiate a poor quality of sleep (Hawkley,
quality of sleep (Hawkley, Lavelle, Masi, Berry, & Cacioppo, 2006; McHugh &
Berntson, & Cacioppo, 2011; McHugh, Lawlor, 2013).
Casey, & Lawlor, 2011; Mellor, Waters, Therefore, our aim is to review the studies
Olaithe, McGowan, & Bucks, 2014; Miró, on sleep quality using the PSQI, one of the
Cano-Lozano, & Buela-Casal, 2005). main self-report instruments on sleep
The increasing need to assess which factors evaluation, in order to understand how this
strongly influence the quality of sleep has construct relates to stress. With the collected
grown over the years. It was found that information, we hope to contribute directly
biological traits are not always associated and indirectly to the increase of individuals’
with the perception of poor quality of sleep subjective perception of well-being, health,
(Hayase, Shimada, & Seki, 2014), creating and quality of life.
the necessity to understand these
associations. One way to assess the METHOD
subjective quality of sleep is through the Procedure
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This This review was conducted in May 2015 in
instrument provides an accurate picture of the electronic databases Web of Science
seven different aspects of sleep: (a) sleep (WoS) and EBSCO. The keywords used
duration; (b) sleep disturbance; (c) sleep were “sleep quality” and “stress”. The
latency; (d) daytime dysfunction; (e) sleep collected studies should have been published
efficiency; (f) subjective sleep quality; and between 2005 and 2015. The research was
(g) use of sleep medication (Buysse, divided in four phases (Figure 1): (a) 1267
Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989). references were found using the previously
Being a self-report measure, it may be more chosen keywords; (b) the relevance of the
relevant in the clinical practice than the studies was based in the following criteria:
objective sleep measures (Buysse, 2005; (b1) studies published in scientific journals;
McHugh et al., 2011). (b2) empirical study; (b3) presence of
Psychological and psychosocial factors have enough data to analyse “what has been
contributed significantly to the studied” and “how it was studied”; and (b4)
comprehension of the sleep quality (McHugh the use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
et al., 2011). Studies have underlined the (PSQI). Thus, after the second phase, the
54
Advanced Research in Health, Education and Social Sciences: Towards a better practice
number of studies registered was 125; (c) After the fourth phase (i.e., phase d), the 15
considering the use of two research sources, selected studies were assessed regarding the
some studies were repeated and, therefore, following information: (a) authors; (b) year
excluded, resulting in 76 studies; and (d) in of publication; (c) type of sample; (d)
this last phase, only studies that were instruments used; and (e) obtained results.
composed by adult samples were considered, The taxonomy of Montero and León was
which resulted in 15 articles. applied in the classification of these studies.
Figure 1. Phases of the literature review. In each phase are presented the number (n) of studies that
remained in the sample.
Table 1. Articles Included in the Literature Review and Participant Characterization (N = 15)
Type of sample N
Authors/year
Age/Status Total M/F
Carlson et al. (2007) Adults/Women with breast cancer 66 0/66
55
Sibiu, Romania, June 2015
Table 2. Main Results of the Studies Conducted on Sleep Quality and Stress (N = 15)
56
Advanced Research in Health, Education and Social Sciences: Towards a better practice
Note. 1Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI); 2Centre for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Inventory
(CES-D); 3Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); 4Profile of Mood States (POMS); 5Pittsburgh
Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); 6Biological Measures (BM); 7The Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short
Form (KOSS-SF); 8The Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND); 9Questionnaire of Smoking
Urges (QSU); 10Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); 11Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT);
12
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); 13Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease (BASDAI); 14Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); 15Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Physical Activity
Questionnaire (ACLS-PAQ); 16Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); 17Fatigue Scale (FS); 18Mediterranean
Diet Questionnaire (MDQ); 19Berlin Questionnaire (BQ); 20Single Question to Screen for Depression
(SQSD); 21Questionnaire on Resources and Stress Freidrich Short Form (QRSF); 22Strenghs and
Dificulties Questionnaire (SDQ); 23Support Functions Scale (SFS); 24Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Composite Score (CVRFs); 25Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); 26Jong Gierveld Scale of
Lonelines (JGSL); 27Charlson Co-morbidity Index (NACI); 28Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale
(DASS-21); 29Mini Mitter Actiwatch-64 (MMA); 30Sleep Diary Data (SDD); 31Inventory for Depressive
Symptoms (IDS); 32Bianchi Stress Scale Modified (BSSm); 33Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About
Sleep Scale (DBAS-10); 34Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS); 35Short-Form Medical Outcomes
Questionnaire (SF-36).
57
Sibiu, Romania, June 2015
58
Advanced Research in Health, Education and Social Sciences: Towards a better practice
59
Sibiu, Romania, June 2015
60
Advanced Research in Health, Education and Social Sciences: Towards a better practice
(2005). Efficacy of yoga on pregnancy Sayar, K., Arikan, M., & Yontem, T. (2002).
outcome. Journal of Alternative and Sleep quality in chronic pain patients.
Complementary Medicine, 11(2), 237–244. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue
doi:10.1089/acm.2005.11.237 Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 47(9), 844–848.
Nunes da Silva, J. M., Martins Costa, A. C., Siegel, J. M. (2011). REM sleep: A
Waquim Machado, W., & Lopes Xavier, C. biological and psychological paradox. Sleep
(2012). Avaliação da qualidade de sono em Medicine Reviews, 15(3), 139–42.
idosos não institucionalizados. ConScientiae doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.01.001
Saúde, 11(1), 29-36. doi:10.5585/ *Theadom, A., & Cropley, M. (2008).
conssaude.v11n1.2940 Dysfunctional beliefs, stress and sleep
*Okun, M. L., Tolge, M., & Hall, M. (2014). disturbance in fibromyalgia. Sleep Medicine,
Low socioeconomic status negatively affects 9(4), 376–81. doi:10.1016/
sleep in pregnant women. Journal of j.sleep.2007.06.005
Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Van Reeth, O., Weibel, L., Spiegel, K.,
Nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 43(2), 160– Leproult, R., Dugovic, C., & Maccari, S.
167. doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12295 (2000). Interactions between stress and
Patel, N. P., Grandner, M. A., Xie, D. W., sleep: From basic research to clinical
Branas, C. C., & Gooneratne, N. (2010). situations. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 4(2),
"Sleep disparity" in the population: Poor 201–219. doi:10.1053/smrv.1999.0097
sleep quality is strongly associated with Wilcox, S., Brenes, G. A., Levine, D.,
poverty and ethnicity. BMC Public Health, Sevick, M. A., Shumaker, S. A., & Craven,
11, 10:475. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-475 T. (2000). Factors related to sleep
*Rocha, M. C. P. da, & Martino, M. M. F. disturbance in older adults experiencing knee
(2010). O estresse e qualidade de sono do pain or knee pain with radiographic evidence
enfermeiro nos diferentes turnos of knee osteoarthritis. Journal of the
hospitalares. Revista da Escola de American Geriatrics Society, 48(10), 1241–
Enfermagem Da USP, 44(2), 280–286. 1251.
doi:10.1590/S0080-62342010000200006
61