‫‪Example Problem 1Ch.

6‬‬

‫‪A 10-cm diameter shaft is subjected to a 10kNm steady bending moment, an 8kN-‬‬
‫‪m steady torque, and a 150kN axial force. The yield strength of the shaft material‬‬
‫‪is 600MPa. Use the DET to determine the safety factors for the various types of‬‬
‫‪loading.‬‬

‫ان ﻧظرﯾﺔ ﺗﺣطم اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻧص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪⁄‬‬
‫=‪e‬‬ ‫([‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫(‪) +‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫(‪) +‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫] )‬ ‫‪= Sy/ns‬‬
‫√‬

‫وﺳﻮاء طﺒﻘﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل طﺒﻘﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺟﮭﺎد ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ‪ Biaxial stress‬ﻓﺎن‬
‫اﻻﺟﮭﺎد اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ او اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺎن ‪ e‬ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻛﺒﺮ او ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪. Sy/ns‬‬
‫وﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻮﺟﻮد ‪ 3‬اﺣﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال وھﻲ ﻋﺰم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻋﺰم اﻟﻠّﻲ وﻗﻮه ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﮫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺟﮭﺎدات‪.‬‬
‫ان اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ ﯾﻨﺪرﺟﺎن ﺿﻤﻦ ‪ Normal Stress‬وﺳﯿﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ X‬اي ان اﻻﺟﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ X‬ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮫ ﻣﻦ اﺟﮭﺎد اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ وﻣﻦ اﺟﮭﺎد اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫ﻓﺎن اﻻﺟﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﯾﺴﺎوي‬

‫(‬ ‫‪)( .‬‬ ‫)‬

‫=‪x‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫×‬

‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪( .‬‬ ‫‪) = .‬‬ ‫×‬

‫واﻻﺟﮭﺎد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ X‬ﯾﺴﺎوي‬

‫=‪x‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪= 19.10‬‬

‫=‪A‬‬ ‫‪⁄4 = 0.00785‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎن اﺟﻤﺎل اﻻﺟﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ X‬ﯾﺴﺎوي‬

‫‪x = 101.8‬‬ ‫‪+ 19.10‬‬ ‫‪= 120.9‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ اﺟﮭﺎد اﻟﻘﺺ واﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺰم اﻟﻠّﻲ ﻓﯿﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪(8‬‬ ‫) ‪)(0.05‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 40.7‬‬
‫‪9.817 × 10‬‬

‫‪J= 9.817 × 10‬‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫وﻻﯾﺠﺎد اﻻﺟﮭﺎدات اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ‪ Principal Stress‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪±‬‬ ‫(‪+‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪120.9‬‬ ‫‪120.9‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪± (40.7‬‬ ‫(‪) +‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫وھﻨﺎ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان‬

‫‪= 133.3‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 0,‬‬ ‫‪= −12.42‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﻓﺎن‬

‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻄﻢ ﻧﺠﺪ ان‬

‫=‪e‬‬ ‫([‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫(‪− ) +‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪) +( .‬‬ ‫= ‪) ] ⁄‬‬
‫√‬
‫=‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﻓﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﻣﺎن‬
‫‪600‬‬
‫‪140 = 4.286‬‬

‫وﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻻﻣﺎن ﻟو ﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﻧظرﯾﺔ ‪ MSST‬ﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻣطﺎﺑﻘﺎ او اﻗل ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ‬
‫ﺟدا‪.‬‬