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Introduction
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,
construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including
works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines and
railways.
There are two major types of engineering roles performed by civil engineers;
1) Consultant engineers who focus on design work and generally spend more time
in the office or working with clients.
Learning Outcome/Objective
Learning Content/Topic
A. What is an Engineer?
One way to define engineering is: “how to do new things in new ways” (Win
Phillips, 1997)
“Professional engineers should work for the welfare of the public. They are
responsible for observing societal needs, and often have the position and resources
to improve society. As professionals, engineers are expected to set examples in the
work field and to establish themselves as assets to society.” T.D. Oates, 1993
Analyze long range plans, survey reports, maps, and other data to plan
and design projects
Consider construction costs, government regulations, potential
environmental hazards, and other factors during the planning and risk-
analysis stages of a project
Compile and submit permit applications to local, state, and federal
agencies, verifying that projects comply with various regulations
Oversee and analyze the results of soil testing to determine the
adequacy and strength of foundations
Analyze the results of tests on building materials, such as concrete,
wood, asphalt, or steel, for use in particular projects
Prepare cost estimates for materials, equipment, or labor to determine a
project's economic feasibility
Civil engineers also must present their findings to the public on topics such
as bid proposals, environmental impact statements, or property descriptions.
Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative positions ranging
from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer, public works director, and
city manager. As supervisors, they are tasked with ensuring that safe work
practices are followed at construction sites.
Other civil engineers work in design, construction, research, and teaching.
Civil engineers work with others on projects and may be assisted by civil
engineering technicians.
Civil engineers prepare permit documents for work on projects in renewable
energy. They verify that the projects will comply with federal, state, and local
requirements. These engineers conduct structural analyses for large-scale
photovoltaic, or solar energy, projects. They also evaluate the ability of solar array
support structures and buildings to tolerate stresses from wind, seismic activity,
and other sources. For large-scale wind projects, civil engineers often prepare
roadbeds to handle large trucks that haul in the turbines.
Civil engineers work on complex projects, and they can achieve job
satisfaction in seeing the project reach completion. They usually specialize in one
of several areas.
Construction engineers manage construction projects, ensuring that they
are scheduled and built in accordance with plans and specifications. These
engineers typically are responsible for the design and safety of temporary
structures used during construction. They may also oversee budgetary,
time-management, and communications aspects of a project.
Geotechnical engineers work to make sure that foundations for built
objects ranging from streets and buildings to runways and dams, are solid.
They focus on how structures built by civil engineers, such as buildings and
tunnels, interact with the earth (including soil and rock). In addition, they
design and plan for slopes, retaining walls, and tunnels.
Structural engineers design and assess major projects, such as buildings,
bridges, or dams, to ensure their strength and durability.
Transportation engineers plan, design, operate, and maintain everyday
systems, such as streets and highways, but they also plan larger projects,
such as airports, ship ports, mass transit systems, and harbors.
Water Resources engineers covers a broad spectrum, but is primarily
concerned with the study of selected topics in applied hydrology,
hydraulics, applied limnology, water resources systems analysis, water
resources, environmental impact assessment, hydraulic structures,
irrigation and drainage.
The work of civil engineers is closely related to the work of environmental
engineers.
Feasibility studies
Site Investigations
Since the load-bearing qualities and stability of the ground are such
important factors in any large-scale construction, it is surprising that a serious
study of soil mechanics did not develop until the mid-1930s. Karl von
Terzaghi, the chief founder of the science, gives the date of its birth as 1936,
when the First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering was held at Harvard University and an international society was
formed. Today there are specialist societies and journals in many countries,
and most universities that have a civil engineering faculty have courses in soil
mechanics.
Design
Construction
Maintenance
Research
B. What is a profession?
“History provides the big picture, why large-scale projects were built and what
their benefits are to society...You can wake people up to the importance of
infrastructure, the efforts of the 2 civil engineers who have improved the quality of
life through its design and construction, why it needs to be repaired, and where tax
dollars will be going. You can use history to educate...engineers ...about where our
present problems came from.” James M. Fels, 1990; in Morley 1994.
These elements were therefore chosen as emphasis areas for this course, and
should provide a foundation for you as both professional engineers and in your future
courses. What you learn here should help you identify areas where you will need to
be strong in order to succeed as an engineer, and therefore in selecting courses
which will allow you to build your skills in these areas.
4. Flexibility
• Writing
• Engineering
• business/financial
• personal interaction
• computer
2. Environmental Quality
6. Materials
7. Transportation
“You must learn how to learn. This is part of your preparation for being an
engineer; our profession will require that you keep up with new developments while
you work: Life-long learning”. Dave DiLaura, “Being Smart is Not Enough.”
Civil engineers held about 232,000 jobs in 2000 (US Department of Labor;
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos030.htm). Civil engineering jobs tended to fall into a few
main sectors. These job sectors and the approximate percentage of civil engineers
employed within each are listed and described below.
Other < 1%
Includes Peace Corps, Universities, research laboratories, etc. . .
Every job and career path is different. The information below provides some
examples and advice about a typical job path. However, every person, every
employer, each job is different and there are no specific rules. Expect the
unexpected. Variety and diversity are the key trait of civil engineering to remember.
If you don’t like one civil engineering job, don’t despair. There is a fit for your skills,
aspirations, and talents out there waiting for you.
Getting off to a strong start is the key to a successful career. Learn the
way things are done, and figure out what you need to do to earn credibility and
respect. Your first impression on your employers will determine the types of
job assignments they give you.
Tips:
Demonstrate maturity by showing you know how much you DON’T know
Learn as much as you can about your company and the people in it by
listening. College only gives you part of what you need to be
successful. There will be on the job training, so don’t believe you know
everything when you start. Recognize what you don’t know, and make
an effort to learn it quickly. Don’t be afraid to ask questions.
Learn the culture - each company has its own unique personality and culture
The culture is a unique set of rules and norms, often unspoken and
informal, about how you should behave. Watch how others behave,
observe how people communicate and work together.
2 - 5 yrs
Excellent written and oral communication skills: State Position, Aug 24, 1997 Post Ad
~5 years as engineer
Business development
- write proposals; talk with industry to develop a relationship meet
with clients
Project engineer
- coordinate the activities of other junior engineers
- decide who will do what?
- delegate check their work
training
- specialty workshops to develop new skills
- present work at technical conferences
project manager
- select a project engineer
- make sure project stays on budget and on time
- interact closely with client to ensure they get what they want
Quality
Salaries
Salary numbers are somewhat hard to find and are highly variable. In
particular, getting current numbers is challenging. This is important because
salaries tend to increase over time due to inflation. Salaries vary by region due
to the local cost of living. Salaries clearly tend to increase as employees have
more years of work experience. Salaries are generally higher for people who
have earned higher degrees (BS vs. MS vs. PhD). Frequently magazine or
web-based surveys are based on people who chose to respond, so the data
are not fully inclusive.
It’s important to realize that the average salary increases based on the
level of education you’ve received. Salaries also increase based on the
number of years you’ve worked as an engineer.
Therefore, you may want to consider the CU combined BS/MS degree. If you
want to know more, talk to your advisor.
History
Aber P. Canlas, then the deputy Minister of Public Work and Highways
(MPWH) became the sixth president of PICE in 1984 and kept the presidency
until the end of 1986. It was during Canlas' administration that PICE was
involved in an International activity thru the holding of the 4th conference of
the ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations or CAFEO-4, which was
hosted by the Philippine Technological Council (PTC) on September 25-27,
1985 at the Philippine Plaza Hotel. President Canlas, then PICE
representative in the PTC, was the chairman of the federation's Governing
Body and PICE became the lead organization that successfully managed that
prestigious international affair. The seventh President of PICE is the amiable
and ever-jolly Juanito "Janet" Nery Ferrer who was elected when he was
Undersecretary of DPWH. He eventually became the full-pledged secretary of
DPWH before his second term ended in 1988 He herefore became the second
Cabinet Secretary to serve the PICE presidency after past president Jesus
Hipolito. President "Janet', as he popularly known, is well remembered for his
vision in establishing a more solid moral foundation for the next generations
of Filipino Civil Engineers. He was very concerned about the moral re-
orientation and regeneration of our people after the 20 year plunder of the past
government regime. Also, he felt that civil engineers had to bring back the
pride and dignity of the civil engineering profession. It was during Ferrer's
administration that serious efforts were exerted to acquire a permanent
headquarters for the PICE and acquire sophisticated office and equipment
such as microcomputer to better serve the needs of the general membership.
Thru very successful fund-raising activities, the initial amount of P550, 000.00
was placed in the bank as a trust fund under the PICE Foundation, Inc the
plan then was to acquire an office space at the Strata 200 Bldg. of the Ortigas
Complex. And as part of the decentralization program of his administration, a
very successful midyear National Convention was held in Davao City in July
1988 ably hosted by the local PICE chapter of that beautiful and alluring
southern metropolis. The eight President of the Institute is David M Consunji,
a former Secretary of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and
Communication (DPWTC) and the president of a very prestigious construction
firm bearing his name. President Consunji served for two (2) terms striving to
maintain the momentum of the Institute's growth for the last 15 years from
1974 His first term was spent mostly in consultation with the local chapters
trying to identify the problems that beset the Institute because he believed in
Another significant event for PICE in 1994 was the signing of a mutual
Agreement of Cooperation with ASCE, the American Society of Civil
Engineers. The agreement provides for an exchange of technical, scientific
and professional knowledge between the two organizations. The holding of
the 20th National Convention in November 1994 proved to be another
unmatched success. Some 3,500 delegates participated in the convention
surpassing previous attendance records. Perhaps the most outstanding
achievement of the Irasga administration is the acquisition of 3 condominium
units at Cityland 10 Tower II, right in the heart of Makati City. The property was
purchased in outright cash in the amount of P 4,003,384 90 from compounded
revenues of PICE from 1992 to 1994 (the terms of PP Romulo M. Del Rosario,
Antonio A Mansueto and Nelson Q. Irasga). Four more chapters were formed
in 1995, North Metro Manila, South Metro Manila, Osamiz City and
Cabanatuan Nueva Ecija chapters. It was also in 1995 that efforts to establish
the PICE Research &. Development Foundation were started. The general
idea was to convert the existing PICE Foundation to serve as the R&D group
for civil engineering.
With the changing trends in the practice of civil engineering and the new
direction that the construction industry itself is taking, 1998 PICE President
Felipe F Cruz spearheaded the transformation of the old PICE Foundation,
Inc., first by expanding its objectives and setting a wider participation of past
presidents who will act as Trustees and of leading members who will actively
participate in the R & 0 work, then renaming it the PICE Research and
Development Foundation and causing the necessary SEC registration.
Attendance in the National Conventions in 1997 and 1998 increased from the
previous years.
The PICE National Board started to workout MOAs with Colleges and
Universities to make this a textbook for the ethics subject in the CE course.
The Manual was prepared to guide civil engineers in the practice of their
profession. Regional conferences were conducted from July to October 2001
in Regions IV, VI, I/CAR and III. The topics selected were those that are
pertinent to the respective regions and offered opportunities for net-working
and fund-raising for the chapter. Meanwhile the Midyear National Convention
was hosted by PICE Cagayan de Oro - Misamis Oriental Chapter with DPWH
Sec. Simeon A Datumanong as the Guest Speaker Free Seminars were
conducted from January 2001, for professionals and students conducted
separately almost every weekend. The National Board sponsored this
program, with the assistance of the chapter where the seminars are held. This
program addresses two objectives - Continuing Professional Development
and Member's Welfare. Some of the main topics presented in the free
seminars were The State of Civil Engineering Profession Today, Disaster
Quick Response Action Program, and other technical topics. PICE has
concentrated on its community extension work because civil engineering is a
profession in the Service of the Society. The Disaster Quick Response
Program (DQRP) is an undertaking of the PICE and ASEP with OCC)-NOCC-
ONO for the rapid assessment of structures during calamities. Trainings were
financed by the OCD-NDCC and started in August 2001 at Baguio City. PICE
also entered to a Memorandum of Agreement with the Philippine Building
Officials (PASO) for this undertaking. This program highlights the members'
spirit of volunteerism and concern for the community. PICE wants to involve
all members who will become DORP volunteers in the rapid inspection of
affected structures during earthquakes. PICE entered into a Memorandum of
Agreement with the Habitat for Humanity for the construction of houses for the
marginalized families. The student members provided the manpower in the
construction of the houses while, professional members provided the technical
supervision. As part of the Outreach program of the National Board of
Oirectors,regular consultation meetings were conducted with the officials of
the chapters Batangas, !locos Norte - Laoag, Davao, Isabela, Baguio,
Bacolod, Iloilo, Naga, Pangasinan, Angeles City, Oriental Mindoro,
Pampanga, Leyte, Cabanatuan - N Ecija, La Union. The national officers truly
networked with the members and became very familiar with the particular
settings of the chapter. The computerization program for PICE Operations was
completed in 2001 PICE now has an integrated membership data bank serving
all our chapters nationwide. The Data Bank also has other information related
to the practice of the profession. Our official websrte was launched in July2001
- and main e-mail address picenatl@skyinet net The PICE Library has an
impressive selection of publications available to all members. The PICE
Other Achievements:
The use of the Manual of Practice for Civil Engineering was further
promoted to set the civil engineering professional standards and
ethics.
Upgrading of the civil engineering education through advocacy
work; involvement in the review of the Civil Engineering curriculum.
PICE submitted to Professional Regulation Commission PICE's
position on the WTO-GATS issues on Cross Border Supply,
Commercial Presence, Consumption Abroad, Mobility Movement of
Natural Persons
Code of Ethics
Fundamental Principles
Civil engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of
the civil engineering profession by:
Fundamental Canons
1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare
of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of
sustainable development in the performance of their duties