Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(2): 938-940
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
www.entomoljournal.com
JEZS 2020; 8(2): 938-940
© 2020 JEZS
Received: 25-01-2020
Accepted: 26-02-2020
Gajendra Singh
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Hemant Joshi
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Nishant Parmar
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Devendra Saran
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Balwant Meshram
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Corresponding Author:
Gajendra Singh
Department of Veterinary
Anatomy and Histology, College
of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Udaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Macroscopic analysis on the kidneys of guinea
fowl (Numida meleagris)
Gajendra Singh, Hemant Joshi, Nishant Parmar, Devendra Saran and
Balwant Meshram
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted on 12 healthy Guinea fowl birds without sex discrimination. The
Guinea fowl bird possesses two kidneys which were reddish-brown and retroperitoneally placed
symmetrically on either side of the vertebral column in the depression of synsacrum and iliac fossa. The
Guinea fowl kidney had two surfaces viz. dorsal and ventral along with three structural components viz.
cranial, middle and caudal. These three components were observed demarcated by oblique groove
present on ventral surface of the kidney. The cranial component of both kidneys was smallest and caudal
surface was largest. The maximum length and width of the right and left kidney was measured as
54.23±1.206 mm & 53.21±1.226 mm and 12.73±0.514 mm & 13.39±0.37 mm respectively. Weight and
volume of the right and left kidney was measured 4.78±0.119 gm & 4.75±0.169 gm and 4.34±0.12 ml &
4.14±0.156 ml respectively.
Keywords: Kidney, guinea fowl, macroscopic, analysis
Introduction
Kidneys are the organ which plays an essential role in excreting of nitrogenous wastes, excess
water, inorganic salts and toxic substances produced during the process of metabolism of the
body. It involved into the production of certain hormones along with the regulation of
optimum osmotic balance of body fluid.
Avian urinary system consists of two elongated kidneys and two ureters but devoided of
urinary bladder, so each ureter open into urodeum of the cloaca where urine leaves the body [1,
2]
. The ureter enters into cloaca as an oblique angle as mucosal duct and forms a sac-like
pocket in the mucosal wall, which functions as a pseudo-sphincter [3]. Guinea fowl is that bird
which also possesses two elongated reddish-brown kidneys as left and right. Both these
kidneys situated retroperitoneally at either side of the vertebral column in the depression of
synsacrum and iliac fossa [4]. The kidney of Guinea fowl possesses two surfaces as to dorsal
and ventral with three components as cranial, middle and caudal which bifurcated after oblique
groove present on the ventral aspect on each kidney [5, 6].
The physiology of the kidneys of birds is well documented as it performs for water
conservation, blood filtration, metabolism of wastes and reabsorption of the recyclable
material. Therefore the morphological studies on the kidney of Guinea fowl (Numida
meleagris) is undertaken to have the confirmation on documented studies till now and also to
get the newer research findings at its macroscopic level.
Materials and Methods
The present investigation on gross features on the kidney of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)
was carried in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal
Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur.
A total of 12 pairs of Guinea fowl kidneys samples were procured from various meat shops
located in and around the City of Udaipur. The procured fresh and unfixed specimens were
carried to the laboratory on ice for investigating their macroscopic features. The
morphometrical measurements were recorded with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper (0-150
mm), weight with the help of digital weighing machine and volume of each kidney was taken
by measuring cylinder. All the collected data of measurements were statistically analyzed to
know their average, standard deviation and the standard error [7].
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Results and Discussion findings were somewhat correlating with the findings of
The Guinea fowl bird possesses left and right kidneys which Reshag [9].
were reddish-brown in colour and retroperitoneally located
symmetrical on either side of the vertebral column in the
depression of synsacrum and iliac fossa (Fig.1). A similar
finding was reported various researchers in barn owl,
breeding Emu and Great flamingo [4, 8, 9].
The kidney had two surfaces viz. dorsal and ventral with three
demarcated structural components as to cranial, middle and
caudal after the oblique groove present on the ventral aspect
on each kidney by different researchers in Seteppe Buzzard,
Harrier, Mallard and Chickens [6, 10]. The dorsal surface of the
kidney was in close contact with synsacrum and iliac fossa
thereby the impression of lumbosacral mass was visible. At
the ventral surface there were external iliac and ischiatic
arteries located between the groove of the cranial & middle
and middle & caudal component of the kidney respectively as
mentioned in Chicken [11]. The cranial component of both Fig 1: Showing the different structural components of Guinea fowl
kidneys was smallest and caudal surface was largest (Fig. 2 kidney. viz. RCRL- Right cranial lobe, RML- Right Middle Lobe,
and 3). The cranial component extended with the caudal RCDL- Right Caudal Lobe, LCRL- Left Cranial Lobe, LML- Left
Middle Lobe, LCDL- Left Caudal Lobe, REIA- Right External Iliac
segment of the lungs. This outcome of the present
Artery, LEIA- Left External Iliac Artery, RRV- Right Renal Vein,
examination was in accordance to the close consent LRV- Left Renal Vein and TT- Testis.
discovered in Steppe buzzard and Coot birds by the research
community [10, 12].
In male, the ventral surface of the cranial part was
communicating with testis and middle & caudal components
of both kidneys were communicated with gizzard, intestine,
ureter, vas deference and oviduct (Fig.1). The present findings
has shown the caudal component largest with the smallest
cranial element of the kidney which was completely in
disagree mode with the observations submitted against Coot
bird and in Golden eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) [12,5]. They were
reported the largest cranial lobes which was wider than the
other two lobes. The maximum length and width of right and
left kidney was measured with Vernier caliper as 54.23±1.206
mm & 53.21±1.226 mm and 12.73±0.514 mm & 13.39±0.37
mm respectively. Volume and weight of right and left kidney Fig 2: Showing the different structural components in dorsal view of
was measured 4.78±0.119 ml & 4.75±0.169 ml and 4.34±0.12 Guinea fowl kidney. viz. RCRL- Right Cranial Lobe, RML- Right
gm & 4.14±0.156 gm respectively. The average weight of Middle Lobe, RCDL- Right Caudal Lobe, LCRL- Left Cranial Lobe,
right and left kidneys in relation to total body weight of bird LML- Left Middle Lobe, LCDL- Left Caudal Lobe and LSM-
was 0.27±0.009 and 0.25±0.008 respectively (Table-1). These Lumbosacral masses.

Fig 3: Showing the different structural components in ventral view of Guinea fowl kidney. viz. RCRL- Right Cranial Lobe, RML- Right Middle
Lobe, RCDL- Right Caudal Lobe, LCRL- Left Cranial Lobe, LML- Left Middle Lobe and LCDL- Left Caudal Lobe.

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Appendix

Table 1: Different micrometrical observations with respect to the samples of kidneys

Volume of
Total body Length of kidney Width of kidney Weight of kidney Weight of kidney (percent) in
kidney
Samples weight of (mm) (mm) (gm) relation to total body weight
(ml)
bird (K.g)
Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left
Sample 1 1.478 53.43 47.72 11.7 12.10 4.0 3.5 3.808 2.826 0.26 0.19
Sample 2 1.628 62.43 60.29 11.56 16.46 4.9 5.9 4.459 4.562 0.27 0.28
Sample 3 1.737 51.63 58.35 15.11 13.15 5.0 4.5 3.885 3.919 0.223 0.225
Sample 4 1.560 57.24 55.60 9.59 13.90 4.8 5.0 4.998 4.395 0.320 0.281
Sample 5 1.648 61.79 59.40 11.55 12.26 4.5 5.0 4.52 4.55 0.274 0.276
Sample 6 1.720 52.09 51.99 12.60 13.41 4.5 5.2 4.27 4.22 0.248 0.245
Sample 7 1.428 50.94 49.55 15.41 13.20 5.5 4.3 4.889 4.395 0.342 0.307
Sample 8 1.659 55.04 52.40 12.99 13.90 4.6 4.9 4.193 4.461 0.252 0.268
Sample 9 1.470 51.79 49.40 11.20 12.47 5.2 4.9 4.261 4.062 0.289 0.276
Sample 10 1.731 53.09 51.92 15.04 12.96 5.2 4.3 4.808 4.490 0.277 0.259
Sample 11 1.681 51.74 52.75 12.55 14.90 4.4 5.0 4.326 4.498 0.257 0.267
Sample 12 1.430 49.55 49.23 13.55 12.05 4.8 4.6 3.706 3.354 0.259 0.234
Average 1.5975 54.23 53.2167 12.7375 13.3967 4.78333 4.75833 4.34358 4.14433 0.27258 0.259
SD 0.1188 4.180792 4.24785 1.783618 1.28228 0.413045 0.588462 0.418303 0.542338 0.032245 0.031174
SE 0.0343 1.2068906 1.226247 0.514886 0.370162 0.119236 0.169874 0.120754 0.156559 0.009308 0.008999

Conclusion Lowa state university press, 1989.

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tune of 13.39±0.37. The weight and volume indicated the size of the kidney of Steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo). Journal of
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