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This document provides a list of over 500 medical acronyms and abbreviations. Some key examples include:
- A - accommodation, adenine, alanine, ampere, anode, anterior
- ABG - arterial blood gases
- AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ATP - adenosine triphosphate
- MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
- DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
This document provides a list of over 500 medical acronyms and abbreviations. Some key examples include:
- A - accommodation, adenine, alanine, ampere, anode, anterior
- ABG - arterial blood gases
- AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ATP - adenosine triphosphate
- MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
- DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
This document provides a list of over 500 medical acronyms and abbreviations. Some key examples include:
- A - accommodation, adenine, alanine, ampere, anode, anterior
- ABG - arterial blood gases
- AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ATP - adenosine triphosphate
- MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
- DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
A accommodation; adenine; adenosine; alanine; alveolar gas (as a
subscript); ampere; anode; anterior A. L. annum (year) A absorbance; activity; admittance; area; mass number AI first auditory area AII second auditory area A2 aortic second sound Å angstrom a accommodation; arterial blood (as subscript); atto- a. L. annum (year); L. aqua (water); L. arteria (artery) a acceleration; activity; specific absorptivity ā L. ante (before) α alpha chain of hemoglobin; Bunsen coefficient; heavy chain of IgA AA achievement age; Alcoholics Anonymous; amino acid aa. L. arteriae (arteries) AAV adeno-associated virus AB L. Artium Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Arts) Ab antibody ABC argon beam coagulator; aspiration biopsy cytology ABCD Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, CCNU (lomustine), and dacarbazine ABE acute bacterial endocarditis ABG arterial blood gases ABI ankle-brachial index ABMT autologous bone marrow transplantation ABP arterial blood pressure abs. feb. L. absente febre (while fever is absent) abst abstract abstr abstract ABVD Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine AC acromioclavicular; air conduction; alternating current; axiocervical AC Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide Ac actinium a.c. L. ante cibum (before meals) ACAT acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase Acc accommodation ACD acid citrate dextrose ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme ACG angiocardiography; apexcardiogram AcG accelerator globulin ACh acetylcholine AchE acetylcholinesterase ACP acid phosphatase ACPS acrocephalopolysyndactyly ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone AD alcohol dehydrogenase; L. auris dextra (right ear) ADA adenosine deaminase ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity add. L. adde (add); L. addetur (let there be added) ADH alcohol dehydrogenase; antidiuretic hormone Adhib. L. adhibendus (to be administered) ADL activities of daily living ad lib. L. ad libitum (at pleasure) admov. L. admove (add); L. admoveatur (let there be added) AdoCbl adenosylcobalamin ADP adenosine diphosphate ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Ad pond. om. L. ad pondus omnium (to the weight of the whole) adst. feb. L. adstante febre (while fever is present) Adv. L. adversum (against) Ad 2 vic. L. ad duas vices (at two times, for two doses) A-E, AE above-elbow Aeg. L. aeger, aegra (the patient) AEP auditory evoked potential aet. L. aetas (age) AF atrial fibrillation AFib atrial fibrillation AFl atrial flutter AFO ankle-foot orthosis AFP alpha fetoprotein AFX atypical fibroxanthoma AG atrial gallop Ag antigen; silver (L. argentum) AGEPC acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoryl choline aggred. feb. L. aggrediente febre (while the fever is coming on) Agit. vas. L. agitato vase (the vial being shaken) AGT antiglobulin test AGV aniline gentian violet ah hyperopic astigmatism AHF antihemophilic factor AHG antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII) AHP Assistant House Physician AHS Assistant House Surgeon AI anaphylatoxin inactivator; aortic incompetence; aortic insufficiency; apical impulse; artificial insemination AICC anti-inhibitor coagulant complex AICD activation-induced cell death; automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator AID artificial insemination by donor AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIH artificial insemination by husband AIHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia AILD angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia AIP acute intermittent porphyria A-K, AK above-knee Al aluminum ALA aminolevulinic acid Ala alanine ALARA as low as reasonably achievable (exposure dose of radiation) ALAS 5-aminolevulinate synthase ALAT alanine aminotransferase ALG antilymphocyte globulin ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALP alkaline phosphatase ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; antilymphocyte serum ALT alanine transaminase Alt. dieb. L. alternis diebus (every other day) Alt. hor. L. alternis horis (every other hour) AM L. Artium Magister (Master of Arts) Am americium am ametropia; meter angle; myopic astigmatism Amh mixed astigmatism with myopia predominating over hyperopia AMI acute myocardial infarction AML acute myelogenous leukemia AMP adenosine monophosphate 3′,5′-AMP cyclic AMP; cyclic adenosine monophosphate amp ampere ams. amount of a substance amu atomic mass unit An anodal; anode ANA antinuclear antibodies anat. anatomical; anatomy ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (or antibody) ANCOVA analysis of covariance ANF antinuclear factor ANNA-1 type 1 antineuronal antibody ANNA-2 type 2 antineuronal antibody ANOVA analysis of variance ANP atrial natriuretic peptide ANS anterior nasal spine; autonomic nervous system ant. anterior ANTU alphanaphthyl thiourea ANUG acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis AO opening of the atrioventricular valves AP action potential; angina pectoris; anterior pituitary; anteroposterior; arterial pressure APB atrial premature beat APC atrial premature complex; activated protein C APCA anti-Purkinje cell antibody APCC anti-inhibitor coagulant complex APD atrial premature depolarization; pamidronate (aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate) APTT, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time APUD amine precursor uptake (and) decarboxylation AQ achievement quotient Aq. L. aqua (water) Aq. dest. L. aqua destillata (distilled water) Aq. pur. L. aqua pura (pure water) Aq. tep. L. aqua tepida (tepid water) AR alarm reaction; aortic regurgitation; artificial respiration Ar argon ara-A adenine arabinoside ara-C arabinosylcytosine ARC AIDS-related complex; anomalous retinal correspondence ARD acute respiratory disease (of any undefined form); acute respiratory distress ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome; adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF acute renal failure Arg arginine AROA autosomal recessive ocular albinism ARPKD autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease ART Accredited Record Technician; assisted reproductive technology; automated reagin test AS aortic stenosis; arteriosclerosis; L. auris sinistra (left ear) As arsenic; astigmatism ASA acetylsalicylic acid; argininosuccinic acid; antisperm antibody 5-ASA 5-aminosalicylic acid ASAT aspartate aminotransferase ASCVD arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASF aniline, formaldehyde, and sulfur ASH asymmetrical septal hypertrophy ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease ASI Addiction Severity Index ASL antistreptolysin Asn asparagine ASO arteriosclerosis obliterans Asp aspartic acid ASS anterior superior spine (of ilium) AST aspartate transaminase Ast. astigmatism Asth. asthenopia AT atrial tachycardia At astatine ATA alimentary toxic aleukia ATCC American Type Culture Collection ATG antithymocyte globulin ATL adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma atm atmosphere ATN tyrosinase-negative (ty-neg) oculocutaneous albinism at no atomic number ATP adenosine triphosphate ATPase adenosinetriphosphatase ATS antitetanic serum at vol atomic volume at wt atomic weight AU L. aures unitas (both ears together); L. auris uterque (each ear) Au Australia antigen; gold (L. aurum) AUC area under the curve AUL acute undifferentiated leukemia AV, A-V atrioventricular; arteriovenous av avoirdupois AVN atrioventricular node AVP arginine vasopressin AVRT atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia awu atomic weight unit ax. axis Az azote AZQ diaziquone AZT zidovudine B bel; boron B magnetic flux density b barn; base (nucleic acids); born β beta chain of hemoglobin BA Bachelor of Arts Ba barium BACOP bleomycin, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone Bact. Bacterium BAEP brain stem auditory evoked potential BAL British antilewisite BAN British Approved Name BATO boronic acid adduct of technetium oxime BBB blood-brain barrier; bundle branch block BBBB bilateral bundle branch block BBT basal body temperature BC bone conduction BCAA branched-chain amino acids B-CAVe bleomycin, CCNU (lomustine), Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and vinblastine BCDF B cell differentiation factors BCF basophil chemotactic factor BCG bacille Calmette-Guérin; bicolor guaiac test; ballistocardiogram BCGF B cell growth factors BCNU carmustine b.d. L. bis die (twice a day) BDA British Dental Association BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery BDSc Bachelor of Dental Science B-E, BE below-elbow Be beryllium BeV, Bev billion electron volts BF blastogenic factor BFP biologic false-positive BFU-E burst-forming unit-erythroid BHA butylated hydroxyanisole BHC benzene hexachloride BHT butylated hydroxytoluene Bi bismuth Bib. L. bibe (drink) b.i.d. L. bis in die (twice a day) B-K, BK below-knee Bk berkelium BKV BK virus BMI body mass index BMR basal metabolic rate BMS Bachelor of Medical Science BMT behavioral marital therapy; bone marrow transplantation BNA Basle Nomina Anatomica BNP brain natriuretic peptide Bol. L. bolus (pill) BOOP bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia BP blood pressure; British Pharmacopoeia bp base pair; boiling point B Ph British Pharmacopoeia BPI bactericidal permeability increasing protein BPIG bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Bq becquerel Br bromine BrIDA mebrofenin BRM biologic response modifier BS Bachelor of Surgery; Bachelor of Science; blood sugar; breath sounds BSA body surface area BSF B lymphocyte stimulatory factor BSS Bernard-Soulier syndrome BTU British thermal unit BUDR 5-bromodeoxyuridine Bull. L. bulliat (let it boil) BUN blood urea nitrogen But. L. butyrum (butter) BVAD biventricular assist device C canine (tooth); carbon; cathode; Celsius (scale); cervical vertebrae (C1–C7); clonus; closure; color sense; complement (C1–C9); compliance (subscripts denote the structure, e.g., CL lung compliance); contraction; coulomb; cylinder; cylindrical lens; cytidine; cytosine; large calorie C capacitance; clearance (subscripts denote the substance, e.g., CI, or CIn inulin clearance); heat capacity °C degree Celsius c centi-; small colorie c. L. cibus (food); L. cum (with) c molar concentration; specific heat capacity; velocity of light in a vacuum v L. cum (with) 2 χ chi-square CA cardiac arrest; chronological age; cold agglutinin; coronary artery; croup-associated (virus) CA 125 cancer antigen 125 Ca calcium ca L. circa (about) CABG coronary artery bypass graft CAD coronary artery disease CAH congenital adrenal hyperplasia Cal large calorie (kilocalorie) cal calorie Calef. L. calefac (make warm); L. calefactus (warmed) CALLA common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen CAM cell adhesion molecules; complementary and alternative medicine cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cap. L. capiat (let him take) CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Capsul. L. capsula (capsule) CASA computer-aided (or assisted) semen analysis; computer-aided (or assisted) sperm analysis CAT computerized axial tomography Cath. L. catharticus (cathartic) CAVB complete atrioventricular block CB L. Chirurgiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Surgery) cbc complete blood count CBF cerebral blood flow CBG corticosteroid-binding globulin Cbl cobalamin CC chief complaint cc cubic centimetre CCA congenital contractural arachnodactyly CCAT conglutinating complement absorption test CCF crystal-induced chemotactic factor CCK cholecystokinin CCNU lomustine CCP complement control protein CCPD continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis CCU coronary care unit; critical care unit CD cadaveric donor; cluster designation; conjugata diagonalis; curative dose CD50 median curative dose Cd cadmium; caudal; coccygeal cd candela 2-CdA cladribine CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC/AIDS the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the diagnosis of AIDS CDDP cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) cdf cumulative distribution function CDH congenital dislocation of the hip cDNA complementary DNA; copy DNA CDP cytidine diphosphate Ce cerium CEA carcinoembryonic antigen Cel Celsius CEM contagious equine metritis CEP congenital erythropoietic porphyria CES cranial electrical stimulation ces central excitatory state CESD cholesteryl ester storage disease CF carbolfuchsin; cardiac failure; Christmas factor; citrovorum factor Cf californium CFC chlorofluorocarbon cff critical fusion frequency CFT complement fixation test CFU colony-forming unit CFU-C colony-forming unit-culture CFU-E colony-forming unit-erythroid CFU-GM colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage CFU-S colony-forming unit-spleen CGD chronic granulomatous disease cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CGS, cgs centimeter-gram-second system cGy centigray CH crown-heel (length of fetus) CH50, CH50 CH50 assay; CH50 unit Chart. L. charta (paper) ChB L. Chirurgiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Surgery) CHD congenital heart disease; coronary heart disease ChD L. Chirurgiae Doctor (Doctor of Surgery) ChE cholinesterase CHF congestive heart failure CHL crown-heel length (of fetus) ChM L. Chirurgiae Magister (Master of Surgery) CHO Chinese hamster ovary (cell) CHOP cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone CHOP-BLEO cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine), prednisone, and bleomycin CHS cholinesterase CI cardiac index; Colour Index Ci curie cib. L. cibus (food) CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis CIH Certificate in Industrial Health Ci-hr curie-hour CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia C1 INH C1 inhibitor CK creatine kinase Cl chlorine CLIP corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide CM L. Chirurgiae Magister (Master of Surgery) Cm curium cM centimorgan cm centimeter cm2 square centimeter 3 cm cubic centimeter CMA Certified Medical Assistant CMAP compound muscle action potential CMD cerebromacular degeneration CMF cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil CMHC community mental health center cm H2O centimeter(s) of water CMI cell-mediated immunity CML cell-mediated lympholysis c mm cubic millimeter C-MOPP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone CMP cytidine monophosphate c.m.s. L. cras mane sumendus (to be taken tomorrow morning) CMT California mastitis test; Certified Medical Transcriptionist CMV cytomegalovirus CN chloroacetophenone c.n. L. cras nocte (tomorrow night) CN-Cbl cyanocobalamin C3 NeF C3 nephritic factor CNM Certified Nurse-Midwife CNS central nervous system c.n.s. L. cras nocte sumendus (to be taken tomorrow night) CNV contingent negative variation CO cardiac output Co cobalt; coccygeal (in vertebral formulas) CoA coenzyme A CoA-SH coenzyme A COBS cesarean-obtained barrier-sustained COC calcifying odontogenic cyst cochl. L. cochleare (a spoonful) cochl. amp L. cochleare amplum (a heaping spoonful) cochl. mag. L. cochleare magnum (a tablespoonful) cochl. med. L. cochleare medium (a dessertspoonful) cochl. parv. L. cochleare parvum (a teaspoonful) Coct. L. coctio (boiling) Col. L. cola (strain) Colat. L. colatus (strained) COLD chronic obstructive lung disease Colet. L. coletur (let it be strained) Collut. L. collutorium (mouth wash) Collyr. L. collyrium (an eye wash) Color. L. coloretur (let it be colored) Comp. L. compositus (compound) ConA concanavalin A Concis. L. concisus (cut) Cons. L. conserva (keep) Cont. L. contusus (bruised) Contin. L. continuetur (let it be continued) Cont. rem. L. continuetur remedium (let the medicine be continued) COP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone COP-BLAM cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), prednisone, bleomycin, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and Matulane (procarbazine) COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone Coq. L. coque (boil) Coq. in s. a. L. coque in sufficiente aqua (boil in sufficient water) Coq. s. a. L. coque secundum artem (boil properly) Cort. L. cortex (bark) CP candle power; chemically pure cp centipoise C3PA C3 proactivator (former name for factor B) CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CPC clinicopathological conference CPD citrate phosphate dextrose CPDA-1 citrate phosphate dextrose adenine CPDD calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease C Ped Certified Pedorthist CPH Certificate in Public Health CPI California Personality Inventory; congenital palatopharyngeal incompetence CPK creatine phosphokinase cpm counts per minute CPP cerebral perfusion pressure CPPD calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPS carbamoyl phosphate synthetase CPSI carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I CPSII carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II cps cycles per second CR complement receptor; conditioned response; crown-rump (length of fetus); dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine, a common tear gas CR3 complement receptor type 3 Cr chromium Crast. L. crastinus (for tomorrow) CREG cross-reactive group (of HLA antigens) CRF chronic renal failure CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone CRL crown-rump length (of fetus) CRM cross-reacting material CRNA Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist cRNA complementary RNA CRP C-reactive protein CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy Crys. crystal CS cesarean section; conditioned stimulus; coronary sinus; o- chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile Cs cesium CSC coup sur coup CSF cerebrospinal fluid; colony-stimulating factor CSF-1 macrophage colony-stimulating factor CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion CSM cerebrospinal meningitis C-spine cervical spine CST contraction stress test CT computed tomography CTBA cetrimonium bromide CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTP cytidine triphosphate Cu copper (L. cuprum) Cuj. L. cujus (of which) CV cardiovascular; closing volume; coefficient of variation C.V. L. cras vespere (tomorrow evening); L. conjugata vera (true conjugate diameter of the pelvic inlet) CVA cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle CVID common variable immunodeficiency CVP central venous pressure; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone CVS cardiovascular system; chorionic villus sampling CX circumflex artery Cx cervix; convex Cy cyanogen Cyath. L. cyathus (a glassful) CYC cyclophosphamide cyclic AMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate cyclic GMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate cyl cylinder; cylindrical lens Cys cysteine Cys-Cys cystine D dalton; deciduous (teeth); decimal reduction time; density; deuterium; died; diffusing capacity; diopter; distal; dorsal vertebrae (D1-D12); dose; duration; dwarf (colony) D. L. da (give); L. detur (let it be given); L. dexter (right); L. dosis (dose) D37 the dose necessary to reduce the surviving fraction, as of cells, to e-1 or 0.37, where the biological activity declines exponentially as a function of dose DL diffusing capacity of the lung d day; deci-; deoxyribose d. L. da (give); L. detur (let it be given); L. dexter (right); L. dosis (dose) d density; diameter ∆ change (as in temperature); increment δ delta chain of hemoglobin; heavy chain of IgD DA developmental age; diphenylchlorarsine Da dalton DAC decitabine DACT dactinomycin DAD delayed afterdepolarization dADP deoxyadenosine diphosphate DAEC diffusely adherent Escherichia coli DAF decay accelerating factor dAMP deoxyadenosine monophosphate D and C dilation and curettage dATP deoxyadenosine triphosphate DAy Doctor of Ayurvedic Medicine dB, db decibel DBA dibenzanthracene DBS deep brain stimulation DC direct current; Doctor of Chiropractic D&C dilation and curettage dC deoxycytidine DCA desoxycorticosterone acetate DCc double concave dCDP deoxycytidine diphosphate DCF direct centrifugal flotation DCH Diploma in Child Health DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ dCMP deoxycytidine monophosphate DCOG Diploma of the College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (British) dCTP deoxycytidine triphosphate DCx double convex d.d. L. detur ad (let it be given to) ddC dideoxycytidine o,p-DDD mitotane DDH developmental dysplasia of the hip ddI dideoxyinosine DDP, cis-DDP cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) DDS diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone); Doctor of Dental Surgery DDSc Doctor of Dental Science Deb. spis. L. debita spissitudine (of the proper consistency) Dec. L. decanta (pour off) Decoct. L. decoctum (a decoction) Decub. L. decubitus (lying down) de d. in d. L. de die in diem (from day to day) DEF decayed, extracted, filled Deg degeneration; degree Deglut. L. deglutiatur (let it be swallowed) Dep. L. depuratus (purified) DES diethylstilbestrol dest. L. destilla (distill); L. destillatus (distilled) destil. L. destilla (distill) DET diethyltryptamine Det. L. detur (let it be given) Det. in 2 plo, Det. in L. detur in duplo (let twice as much be given) dup. D. et s. L. detur et signetur (let it be given and labeled) DF-2 Capnocytophaga canimorsus DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate dG deoxyguanosine dGDP deoxyguanosine diphosphate dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate dGTP deoxyguanosine triphosphate DH delayed hypersensitivity DHA 2,8-dihydroxyadenine; docosahexaenoic acid DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone DHF dihydrofolate; dihydrofolic acid DHFR dihydrofolate reductase DHg Doctor of Hygiene DHom Doctor of Homeopathic Medicine DHPG 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol; ganciclovir (9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2- propoxy)methyl] guanine) DHT dihydrotestosterone DHy Doctor of Hygiene DIC diffuse intravascular coagulation; disseminated intravascular coagulation Dieb. alt. L. diebus alternis (on alternate days) Dieb. tert. L. diebus tertiis (every third day) Dig. L. digeratur (let it be digested) dil. L. dilue (dilute, dissolve) Diluc. L. diluculo (at daybreak) dilut. L. dilutus (diluted) dim. L. dimidius (one half) D. in p. aeq. L. divide in partes aequales (divide into equal parts) Dir. prop. L. directione propria (with proper direction) DIS Diagnostic Interview Schedule DISIDA disofenin (diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid) Dist. L. distilla (distill) Div. L. divide (divide) dk deca- dL deciliter DLE discoid lupus erythematosus DM diabetes mellitus; diphenylamine chlorarsine DMAPN dimethylaminopropionitrile DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug DMBA 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine DMF decayed, missing, filled; dimethylformamide DMFO eflornithine DMPE 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine DMRD Diploma in Medical Radio-Diagnosis (British) DMRT Diploma in Medical Radio-Therapy (British) DMSA succimer DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DMT dimethyltryptamine DN dibucaine number DNA deoxyribonucleic acid Dnase deoxyribonuclease DNB dinitrobenzene; Diplomate of the National Board (of Medical Examiners) DNCB dinitrochlorobenzene DNFB dinitrofluorobenzene DNOC dinitro-o-cresol DNR do not resuscitate DO Doctor of Osteopathy DOA dead on arrival DOC 11-deoxycorticosterone DOM 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine Donec alv. sol. L. donec alvus soluta fuerit (until the bowels are opened, i.e., until a Fuerit bowel movement occurs) DP L. directione propria (with proper direction) DP Doctor of Pharmacy; Doctor of Podiatry DPH Diploma in Public Health DPM Diploma in Psychological Medicine; Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DPT diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DR reaction of degeneration dr dram DRG Diagnosis-Related Groups DrPH Doctor of Public Health DSC Doctor of Surgical Chiropody dsDNA double-stranded DNA dsRNA double-stranded RNA DT diphtheria and tetanus toxoids Dt duration tetany dT deoxythymidine DTaP diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine D.T.D. L. datur talis dosis (give of such a dose) dTDP deoxythymidine diphosphate DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity DTIC, Dtic dacarbazine dTMP deoxythymidine monophosphate DTP diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTPA diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid dTTP deoxythymidine triphosphate dU deoxyuridine dUMP deoxyuridine monophosphate Dur. dolor. L. durante dolore (while the pain lasts) dUTP deoxyuridine triphosphate DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine DVT deep venous thrombosis Dy dysprosium dyn dyne E emmetropia; enzyme; exa- E elastance; energy; expectancy; electromotive force; illumination; electric intensity; redox potential E1 estrone E2 estradiol E3 estriol E4 estetrol Eh redox potential E° standard reduction potential e electron e elementary unit of electric charge; the base of natural logarithms + e positron e- electron ε epsilon chain of hemoglobin; heavy chain of IgE; molar absorptivity η absolute viscosity EAC erythrocyte, antibody, and complement EACA epsion-aminocaproic acid EAD early afterdepolarization ead. L. eadem (the same) EAE experimental allergic encephalomyelitis EAEC enteroadherent Escherichia coli EAggEC enteroaggregative Escherichia coli EAHF eczema, asthma, hay fever EAP epiallopregnanolone Ea. R. Entartungs-Reaktion (reaction of degeneration) EAV electroacupuncture after Voll EB elementary body EBCT electron beam computed tomography EBL enzootic bovine leukosis EBV Epstein-Barr virus EC Enzyme Commission ECD ethyl cysteinate dimer ECF extracellular fluid; eosinophil chemotactic factor; extended care facility ECF-A eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis ECG electrocardiogram ECI electrocerebral inactivity ECM extracellular matrix ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECS electrocerebral silence ECT electroconvulsive therapy ED effective dose; erythema dose ED50 median effective dose EDR effective direct radiation; electrodermal response EDRF endothelium-derived relaxing factor EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDV end-diastolic volume EEE eastern equine encephalomyelitis EEG electroencephalogram EEJ electroejaculation EENT eyes, ears, nose, and throat EERP extended endocardial resection procedure EFA essential fatty acids EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGF epidermal growth factor EGTA egtazic acid EHBF estimated hepatic blood flow EHDP etidronate (ethane-l-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli EI erythema infectiosum EIA enzyme immunoassay EIEC enteroinvasive Escherichia coli EIT erythrocyte iron turnover Ejusd. L. ejusdem (of the same) EKG electrocardiogram EKY electrokymogram ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Em emmetropia EMC encephalomyocarditis (virus) EMF electromotive force EMG electromyogram Emp. L. emplastrum (a plaster) EMS Emergency Medical Service emul. L. emulsum (emulsion) ENA extractable nuclear antigens ENG electronystagmography ENT ears, nose, and throat EOG electro-olfactogram EP evoked potential EPA eicosapentaenoic acid EPEC enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EPP erythropoietic protoporphyria EPR electron paramagnetic resonance; electrophrenic respiration EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential ER emergency room; endoplasmic reticulum; estrogen receptor Er erbium ERBF effective renal blood flow ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERG electroretinogram ERP endocardial resection procedure ERPF effective renal plasma flow ERV expiratory reserve volume Es einsteinium ESE elektrostatische Einheit (electrostatic unit) ESF erythropoietic stimulating factor ESP extrasensory perception ESR electron spin resonance; erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD end-stage renal disease EST electric shock therapy; electroshock therapy esu electrostatic unit ESV end-systolic volume Et ethyl ETEC enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ETF electron transfer flavoprotein ET-NANB enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis Eu europium eV electron volt Exhib. L. exhibeatur (let it be given) ext. extract F Fahrenheit (scale); farad; fertility (plasmid); fluorine; formula; French (scale); phenylalanine; visual field F. L. fiat (let there be made) F faraday; force F1 first filial generation F2 second filial generation °F degree Fahrenheit f femto-; focal length f frequency FA fatty acid; fluorescent antibody FAB French-American-British FACD Fellow of the American College of Dentists FACOG Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FACP Fellow of the American College of Physicians FACR Fellow of the American College of Radiology FACS Fellow of the American College of Surgeons; fluorescence-activated cell sorter FACSM Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide F and R force and rhythm (of pulse) FAPHA Fellow of the American Public Health Association fasc. L. fasciculus (bundle) 5-FC flucytosine fCi femtocurie FDA Food and Drug Administration; L. fronto-dextra anterior (right frontoanterior) FDC fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide FDP L. fronto-dextra posterior (right frontoposterior) FDP fibrin degradation products; fibrinogen degradation products FDT L. fronto-dextra transversa (right frontotransverse) F-dUMP 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate FENA fractional excretion of sodium FENa excreted fraction of filtered sodium Fe iron (L. ferrum) Feb. dur. L. febre durante (while the fever lasts) FEF forced expiratory flow Fem. intern. L. femoribus internus (at the inner side of the thighs) FEP free erythrocyte protoporphyrin Ferv. L. fervens (boiling) FES functional electrical stimulation; functional endoscopic sinus surgery FEV forced expiratory volume FFA free fatty acids FFT flicker fusion threshold F.h. L. flat haustus (let a draught be made) FIA fluorescence immunoassay; fluorescent immunoassay; fluoroimmunoassay FIAC Fellow of the International Academy of Cytology FICD Fellow of the International College of Dentists FICS Fellow of the International College of Surgeons FIGLU formiminoglutamic acid FIGO Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) (classification) FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate Fl. fluid FLA L. fronto-laeva anterior (left frontoanterior) F.l.a. L. fiat lege artis (let it be done according to rule) fld fluid fl dr fluid dram Flor. L. flores (flowers) fl oz fluid ounce FLP L. fronto-laeva posterior (left frontoposterior) FLT L. fronto-laeva transversa (left frontotransverse) F.M. L. fiat mistura (make a mixture) Fm fermium FMN flavin mononucleotide FMNH2 the reduced form of flavin mononucleotide FNH focal nodular hyperplasia FNTC fine needle transhepatic cholangiography F.p. L. fiat potio (let a potion be made) fp freezing point FPG fasting plasma glucose F.pil. L. fiant pilulae (let pills be made) Fr francium Fract. dos. L. fracta dosi (in divided doses) FRC functional residual capacity FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCP(C) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada FRCPE Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh FRCP(Glasg) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician FRCPI Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons FRCS(C) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada FRCSEd Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh FRCS(Glasg) Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow .qua Surgeon
FRCSI Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
FRCVS Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons FRFPSG Fellow of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow FRS Fellow of the Royal Society Frust. L. frustillatim (in small pieces) F.s.a. L. fiat secundum artem (let it be made skillfully) FSF fibrin-stabilizing factor FSG focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSH follicle-stimulating hormone FSH/LH-RH follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone FSH-RH follicle-stimulating hormone–releasing hormone Ft. L. fiat, fiant (let there be made) ft foot Ft. mas. div. in pil. L. fiat massa dividenda in pilulae (let a mass be made and divided into pills) Ft. pulv. L. fiat pulvis (let a powder be made) 5-FU 5-fluorouracil FUDR, FUdR floxuridine (5-fluorouracil deoxyribonucleoside) FUO fever of unknown origin FUS feline urological syndrome FVC forced vital capacity G gauss; giga-; glycine; gravida; guanine; guanosine G conductance; G force; Gibbs free energy; gravitational constant g gram g standard gravity γ gamma chain of fetal hemoglobin; heavy chain of IGg Ga gallium GABA γ-aminobutyric acid GAD generalized anxiety disorder GAG glycosaminoglycan GaINAc N-acetylgalactosamine GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue Galv. galvanic GAPD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Garg. L. gargarisma (gargle) GBG glycine-rich b glycoprotein (former name for factor B) GBM glomerular basement membrane GC gas chromatography g-cal. gram calorie G-CSF granulocyte colony–stimulating factor Gd gadolinium GDP guanosine diphosphate Ge germanium Gel. quav. L. gelatina quavis (in any kind of jelly) GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease GeV gigaelectron volt (one billion electron volts) GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein GFR glomerular filtration rate GGT γ-glutamyltransferase GH growth hormone GHA glucoheptonate (gluceptate) GH-RH growth hormone–releasing hormone GI gastrointestinal GIFT gamete intrafallopian transfer GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide GL greatest length gl. L. glandula (gland) GLC gas-liquid chromatography GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine GLI glucagon-like immunoreactivity Gln glutamine Glu glutamic acid Gly glycine gm gram GMC General Medical Council (British) GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor GMP guanosine monophosphate 3′,5′-GMP, cyclic cyclic guanosine monophosphate GMP Gn-RH gonadotropin-releasing hormone GOT glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase GP general paresis; general practitioner G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GPT glutamic-pyruvic transaminase gr grain Grad. L. gradatim (by degrees) GRH growth hormone–releasing hormone GSC gas-solid chromatography GSH reduced glutathione GSSG oxidized glutathione gt. L. gutta (drop) GTH gonadotropic hormone GTN gestational trophoblastic neoplasia GTP guanosine triphosphate GTT glucose tolerance test gtt. L. guttae (drops) GU genitourinary Guttat. L. guttatim (drop by drop) Gutt. quibusd. L. guttis quibusdam (with a few drops) GVH graft-versus-host (disease) GXT graded exercise test Gy gray H Ger. Hauch (breath, used to describe bacterial colonies); henry; histidine; Hounsfield unit; hydrogen; hyperopia H enthalpy H0 null hypothesis H1 alternative hypothesis Ha alternative hypothesis h hecto-; hour h. L. hora (hour) h Planck's constant; height HA hemadsorbent HAA hepatitis-associated antigen HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy HAI hemagglutination inhibition (test) H and E hematoxylin-eosin (stain) HANE hereditary angioneurotic edema HAT hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (medium) Haust. L. haustus (a draft) HAV hepatitis A virus HB hepatitis B Hb hemoglobin HBc hepatitis B core (antigen) HBcAg hepatitis B core antigen HbCV Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine HBE His bundle electrogram HBe hepatitis B e (antigen) HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen HbO2 oxyhemoglobin HbPV Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine HBs hepatitis B surface (antigen) HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen HBV hepatitis B virus HC Hospital Corps HCG, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HCP hereditary coproporphyria Hct hematocrit HCV hepatitis C virus HD hemodialysis H.d. L. hora decubitus (at bedtime) HDCV human diploid cell (rabies) vaccine HDL high-density lipoprotein HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol HDN hemolytic disease of the newborn HDP oxidronate (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) HDV hepatitis D virus H&E hematoxylin-eosin (stain) He helium Hebdom. L. hebdomada (a week) HED Haut-Einheits-Dosis (unit skin dose) HeGF human epidermal growth factor HEK human embryo kidney (cell culture) HEL human embryo lung (cell culture) HEMPAS hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified serum HEP hepatoerythropoietic porphyria Herb. recent. L. herbarium recentium (of fresh herbs) HERV human endogenous retroviruses HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid HF Hageman factor; high frequency Hf hafnium Hfr high frequency of recombination Hg mercury (L. hydrargyrum) Hgb hemoglobin HGBV hepatitis GB virus HGE human granulocytic ehrlichiosis HGF hepatocyte growth factor; hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor (glucagon) HGG human gamma globulin HGH, hGH human growth hormone hGHr human growth hormone recombinant HGPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase HGV hepatitis G virus HHT hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid HI hemagglutination inhibition (test) 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid HIDA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid HIDS hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome His histidine HIV human immunodeficiency virus HKAFO hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis Hl latent hyperopia HLA human leukocyte antigens HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hm manifest hyperopia HMDP oxidronate (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) HMG 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl hMG human menopausal gonadotropin HMM hexamethylmelamine HMO health maintenance organization HMPA hexamethylphosphoramide HMPAO hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime HMSN hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy HMWK high-molecular-weight kininogen HMW-NCF high-molecular-weight neutrophil chemotactic factor hnRNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA Ho holmium HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOP hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone Hor. decub. L. hora decubitus (at bedtime) Hor. interm. L. horis intermediis (at the intermediate hours) Hor. un. spatio L. horae unius spatio (at the end of one hour) HP house physician Hp haptoglobin HPETE hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid HPF high-power field HPL, hPL human placental lactogen HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase HPTA hepatopoietin A HPV human papillomavirus HRA high right atrial (electrogram) HRCT high-resolution computed tomography HRF histamine-releasing factor; homologous restriction factor HRP horseradish peroxidase HRT hormone replacement therapy HS house surgeon h.s. L. hora somni (at bedtime) HSA human serum albumin HSAN hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy HSAN-I hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (type I) HSAN-II hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (type II) HSAN-III hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (type III) HSF hydrazine-sensitive factor (former name for alternative pathway complement factor C3) HSR homogeneously staining regions HSV herpes simplex virus 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) Ht total hyperopia HTACS human thyroid adenylate cyclase stimulators HTC homozygous typing cells 3 H-TdR tritium-labeled thymidine HTLV-1 human T-lymphotropic virus 1 HTLV-2 human T-lymphotropic virus 2 HTLV-III human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III HuIFN human interferon HVA homovanillic acid HVL half-value layer Hz hertz I incisor; inosine; iodine; isoleucine I electric current; intensity (of radiant energy); ionic strength IAB infra-aortic balloon IABP infra-aortic balloon pump IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAHA immune adherence hemagglutination assay IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IAPP islet amyloid polypeptide IB inclusion body IBC iron-binding capacity IBF immunoglobulin-binding factor IBS irritable bowel syndrome IC inspiratory capacity; irritable colon ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ICAM-2 intercellular adhesion molecule 2 ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; International Classification of Diseases (of the World Health Organization); intrauterine contraceptive device ICP intracranial pressure ICSH interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (luteinizing hormone) ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICT insulin coma therapy ICU intensive care unit ID intradermal; inside diameter; infective dose ID50 median infective dose Id. L. idem (the same) IDA iminodiacetic acid IDD, IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes mellitus) IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein IDU idoxuridine IEP immunoelectrophoresis IF intrinsic factor IFA immunofluorescence assay IFN interferon Ig immunoglobulin IGF insulin-like growth factor IGIV immune globulin intravenous (human) IGT impaired glucose tolerance IH infectious hepatitis IHD ischemic heart disease IHSS idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis IL interleukin Ile isoleucine ILT infectious laryngotracheitis IM intramuscular ImD50 median immunizing dose IMPA incisal mandibular plane angle IMV intermittent mandatory ventilation IMViC, imvic indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate In indium in inch in d. L. in dies (daily) Inf. L. infunde (pour in) INN International Nonproprietary Name InsP3 inositol 1,4, 5-triphosphate IOP intraocular pressure IORT intraoperative radiotherapy IP intraperitoneal; isoelectric point IP3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate IPD intermittent peritoneal dialysis IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing IPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential IPV poliovirus vaccine inactivated IQ intelligence quotient Ir iridium IRMA immunoradiometric assay IRV inspiratory reserve volume IS intercostal space ISA intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ISO International Standards Organization ITP idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; inosine triphosphate IU International unit IUD intrauterine device IUGR intrauterine growth restriction IUI intrauterine insemination IV intravenous IVC inferior vena cava IVF in vitro fertilization IVP intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography IVRT isovolumic relaxation time IVS interventricular septum (of heart) J joule JCV JC virus juscul. L. jusculum (soup or broth) K kelvin; lysine; potassium (L. kalium) K equilibrium constant Ka acid dissociation constant Kb base dissociation constant Kd dissociation constant Keq equilibrium constant KM, Km Michaelis constant Ksp solubility product constant KW ion product of water k kilo- k Boltzmann's constant; rate constant κ dielectric constant, one of the two types of immunoglobulin light chains KAFO knee-ankle-foot orthosis kat katal kb kilobase kbp kilobase pairs (1000 base pairs) kcal kilocalorie kCi kilocurie kD, kDa kilodalton keV kiloelectron volt (1000 electron volts) kg kilogram kg-cal large calorie kHz kilohertz kj knee jerk km kilometer KP keratic precipitates Kr krypton 17-KS 17-ketosteroid KUB kidney, ureter, and bladder Kv kilovolt kVp kilovolts peak L lambert; left; leucine; light chain; liter; lung; lumbar vertebra (L1– L5) L. L. libra (pound) L luminance; self-inductance L0 limes nul (dose) L+, L+ limes tod (dose) l former symbol for liter l. ligamentum (ligament) l length λ decay constant; one of the two types of immunoglobulin light chains; wavelength L0 limes nul (dose) L&A light and accommodation (reaction of pupils) La lanthanum LAC laparoscopic-assisted colectomy LAD left anterior descending (coronary artery); left axis deviation LAE left atrial enlargement Lag. L. lagena (flask) LAH left anterior hemiblock LAM lymphangiomyomatosis LAO left anterior oblique LAP leukocyte adhesion protein; leukocyte alkaline phosphatase LASIK laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis Lat. dol. L. lateri dolenti (to the painful side) LATS long-acting thyroid stimulator LATS-p long-acting thyroid stimulator protector LAV lymphadenopathy-associated virus lb pound (L. libra) LBBB left bundle branch block LBP low back pain LBW low birth weight (infant) LCA left coronary artery; leukocyte common antigens LCAT lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ LD lethal dose; light difference LD50 median lethal dose LDA left displacement of the abomasum; left dorsoanterior (position of the fetus) LDH L-lactate dehydrogenase LDL low-density lipoprotein LE left eye; lupus erythematosus LEMS Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome les local excitatory state LET linear energy transfer Leu leucine Lf limes flocculating (dose) LFA left frontoanterior (position of the fetus) LFA-1 leukocyte function–associated antigen 1 LFA-2 leukocyte function–associated antigen 2 LFA-3 leukocyte function–associated antigen 3 LFP left frontoposterior (position of the fetus) LFT left frontotransverse (position of the fetus) LGB laparoscopic gastric banding LH luteinizing hormone LH-RH luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone Li lithium LIA leukemia-associated inhibitory activity LIF left iliac fossa; leukocyte inhibitory factor lig. ligament; ligamentum ligg. ligamenta (ligaments) LLL left lower lobe (of lung) LM light minimum; linguomesial lm lumen LMA left mentoanterior (position of the fetus) LMF lymphocyte mitogenic factor LMP left mentoposterior (position of the fetus); last menstrual period; latent membrane protein LMT left mentotransverse (position of the fetus) LMWK low-molecular-weight kininogen ln natural logarithm LNPF lymph node permeability factor LOA left occipitoanterior LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level Loc. dol. L. loco dolenti (to the painful spot) LOEL lowest observed effect level LOP left occipitoposterior (position of the fetus) LOT left occipitotransverse (position of the fetus) Lot. L. lotio (lotion) LPF low-power field LPH left posterior hemiblock; lipotropic hormone LPN licensed practical nurse LPS lipopolysaccharide LPV lymphotropic papovavirus Lr limes reacting (dose) LRD living related donor LSA left sacroanterior (position of the fetus) LScA left scapuloanterior (position of the fetus) LScP left scapuloposterior (position of the fetus) LSD lysergic acid diethylamide LSO lumbosacral orthosis LSP left sacroposterior (position of the fetus) L-spine lumbar spine LST left sacrotransverse (position of the fetus) LT lymphotoxin LTF lymphocyte-transforming factor LTR long terminal repeats Lu lutetium LUL left upper lobe (of lung) LVAD left ventricular assist device LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume LVET left ventricular ejection time LVH left ventricular hypertrophy LVN licensed vocational nurse Lw lawrencium lx lux Lys lysine M low frequency component of the first heart sound; mega-; methionine; molar; morgan; mucoid (colony); myopia M. L. misce (mix); L. mistura (a mixture) M mutual inductance; molar mass; molar M1 mitral valve closure Mr relative molecular mass m median; meter; milli- m. L. musculus (muscle); minim m mass; molal m- meta- µ electrophoretic mobility; heavy chain of IgM; linear attenuation coefficient; micro-; micron; population mean MA Master of Arts; mental age; meter angle mA milliampere µA microampere MAA macroaggregated albumin MAC membrane attack complex; minimal alveolar concentration; Mycobacterium arium complex Mac. L. macerare (macerate) MADD multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenation deficiency MAF macrophage-activating factor MAG3 mertiatide Mag. L. magnus (large) MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Man. L. manipulus (a handful) Manip. L. manipulus (a handful) Man. pr. L. mane primo (early in the morning) MAO monoamine oxidase MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAP mean arterial pressure masc mass concentration Mas. pil. L. massa pilularum (pill mass) MAST military or medical anti-shock trousers MAT multifocal atrial tachycardia Matut. L. matutinus (in the morning) MB Medicinae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Medicine) Mb megabase m.b. L. misce bene (mix well) MBP major basic protein; myelin basic protein MBq megabecquerel MC Magister Chirurgiae (Master of Surgery) MC Medical Corps mC millicoulomb µC microcoulomb MCA 3-methylcholanthrene MCD mean of consecutive differences MCE myocardial contrast echocardiography MCF macrophage chemotactic factor mcg microgram MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCi megacurie mCi millicurie µCi microcurie MCI/MI methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone MCMI Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCP membrane cofactor protein Mcps megacycles per second (million cycles per second) M-CSF macrophage colony–stimulating factor MCT mean circulation time MCV mean corpuscular volume MD L. Medicinae Doctor (Doctor of Medicine) Md mendelevium MDA L. mento-dextra anterior (right mentoanterior) MDA methylenedioxyamphetamine MDF myocardial depressant factor MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDP L. mento-dextra posterior (right mentoposterior) MDP methylene diphosphonate MDS myelodysplasia MDT L. mento-dextra transversa (right mentotransverse) 2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol Me methyl McCbl methylcobalamin McCCNU semustine MED minimal effective dose, minimal erythema dose MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System MEDLINE MEDLARS on line MEG magnetoencephalograph MEGX monoethylglycinexylidide MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia MEP maximum expiratory pressure mEq, meq milliequivalent MESA microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration MeSH Medical Subject Headings Met methionine M. et sig. L. misce et signa (mix and write a label) MeV megaelectron volt, one million electron volts µF microfarad M. flac. L. membrana flaccida (pars flaccida membranae tympanicae) M. ft. L. mistura fiat (let a mixture be made) Mg magnesium mg milligram µg microgram mgm former symbol for milligram 3MH 3-methylhistidine MHA-TP microhemagglutination assay—Treponema pallidum MHC major histocompatibility complex MHz megahertz MI myocardial infarction MIBG, mIBG iobenguane (m-iodobenzylguanidine) MIBI sestamibi MID minimum infective dose MIF migration inhibition factor; migration inhibitory factor min. L. minimum (a minim) MIO minimal identifiable odor MIP maximum inspiratory pressure MIRL membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis mist. L. mistura (a mixture) MIT monoiodotyrosine Mit. L. mitte (send) MK monkey lung (cell culture) MKS meter-kilogram-second system mL milliliter µL microliter MLA L. mento-laeva anterior (left mentoanterior) MLBW moderately low birth weight (infant) MLC mixed lymphocyte culture MLD median lethal dose; minimum lethal dose MLNS mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome MLP L. mento-laeva posterior (left mentoposterior) MLR mixed lymphocyte reaction MLT L. mento-laeva transversa (left mentotransverse) MM mucous membranes mM millimolar mm millimeter µM micromolar µm micrometer mm Hg millimeter of mercury MMIHS megacystis-microcolon–intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome mmol millimole MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMR measles-mumps-rubella (vaccine) Mn manganese MO Medical Officer Mo molybdenum Mod. praesc. L. modo praescripto (in the way directed) MODY maturity-onset diabetes of youth Mol wt, mol wt molecular weight MOPP mechlorethamine, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone MORC Medical Officers Reserve Corps Mor. dict. L. more dicto (in the manner directed) Mor. sol. L. more solito (in the usual way) mOsm milliosmole MOTT mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli 6-MP 6-mercaptopurine mp melting point MPD maximum permissible dose MPH Master of Public Health MPO myeloperoxidase MPS mononuclear phagocyte system; mucopolysaccharidosis MR mitral regurgitation mR milliroentgen µR microroentgen MRA Medical Record Administrator; magnetic resonance angiography MRACP Member of Royal Australasian College of Physicians mrad millirad MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians MRCPE Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh MRCP(Glasg) Member of Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician MRCPI Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland MRCS Member of the Royal College of Surgeons MRCSEd Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh MRCSI Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland MRCVS Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons MRD minimum reacting dose MRDM malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus mrem millirem MRI magnetic resonance imaging mRNA messenger RNA MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MS Master of Science; Master of Surgery; mitral stenosis; multiple sclerosis ms millisecond µs microsecond MSE Mental Status Examination msec millisecond MSG monosodium glutamate MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSL midsternal line MSLT multiple sleep latency test MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry MSUD maple syrup urine disease MT Medical Technologist; L. membrana tympanica (tympanic membrane) MTD maximum tolerated dose mtDNA mitochondrial DNA MTX methotrexate mU milliunit m.u. mouse unit µu microunit MUAP motor unit action potential Muc. L. mucilago (mucilage) MUGA multiple gated acquisition (scanning) MUP motor unit potential MV L. Medicus Veterinarius (veterinary physician) MV megavolt (million electron volts); minute volume mV millivolt µV microvolt M-VAC methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin MVP mitral valve prolapse MVV maximal or maximum voluntary ventilation MW molecular weight µW microwatt Mx Medex My myopia N newton; nitrogen; normal (solution) N Avogadro's number; neutron number; normal (solution); number; population size NA Avogadro's number n nano-; neutron; refractive index n. L. nervus (nerve) n (haploid) chromosome number; refractive index; sample size n- normal nD refractive index ν degrees of freedom; frequency; kinematic viscosity; neutrino NA Nomina Anatomica; numerical aperture Na sodium (L. natrium) NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; no appreciable disease + NAD the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate + NADP the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAMI National Alliance for the Mentally Ill NAN N-acetylneuraminic acid NANBH non-A, non-B hepatitis NAP nasion; point A; pogonion NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Nb niobium NBS National Bureau of Standards NBT nitroblue tetrazolium NBTE nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis NCF neutrophil chemotactic factor NCHS National Center for Health Statistics NCI National Cancer Institute nCi nanocurie NCV nerve conduction velocity ND Doctor of Naturopathy Nd neodymium nDNA nuclear DNA NDV Newcastle disease virus Nd:YAG neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (laser) Ne neon NED no evidence of disease NEFA nonesterified fatty acids NF National Formulary ng nanogram NGF nerve growth factor Ni nickel NIDD, NIDDM non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes mellitus) nL nanoliter nm nanometer NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NMS neuroleptic malignant syndrome nn. L. nervi (nerves) No nobelium No. L. numero (to the number of) NOAEL no observed adverse effect level Noct. L. nocte (at night) Noct. maneq. L. nocte maneque (at night and in the morning) NOEL no observed effect level non repetat. L. non repetatur (do not repeat) Np neptunium NPN nonprotein nitrogen NPO L. nil per os (nothing by mouth) NRC normal retinal correspondence NREM non-rapid eye movement ns nanosecond NSAIA nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic (or agent) NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma (or cancer) nsec nanosecond NSILA nonsuppressible insulin-like activity NSR normal sinus rhythm NST nonstress test NTP normal temperature and pressure; National Toxicology Program nU nanounit NUG necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis nvCJD new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease NYD not yet diagnosed O Ger. ohne Hauch (without breath, used to describe bacterial colonies); oxygen O. L. oculus (eye) o- ortho- Ω ohm OA ocular albinism OAI ocular albinism, type 1 OA2 ocular albinism, type 2 OAE otoacoustic emissions OAF osteoclast activating factor OAP Oncovin (vincristine), ara-C (cytarabine), and prednisone OAT ornithine aminotransferase OB obstetrics OCA oculocutaneous albinism OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder OCT ornithine carbamoyltransferase; oxytocin challenge test OD L. oculus dexter (right eye); Doctor of Optometry; optical density; outside diameter; overdose ODA L. occipito-dextra anterior (right occipitoanterior) ODC orotidine 5-phosphate decarboxylase ODP L. occipito-dextra posterior (right occipitoposterior) ODT L. occipito-dextra transversa (right occipitotransverse) OFD oral-facial-digital (syndrome) OGTT oral glucose tolerance test OH-Cbl hydroxocobalamin 17-OHCS 17-hydroxycorticosteroid OI osteogenesis imperfecta OIC osteogenesis imperfecta congenita OIH orthoiodohippurate OIT osteogenesis imperfecta tarda OL L. oculus laevus (left eye) Ol. L. oleum (oil) OLA L. occipito-laeva anterior (left occipitoanterior) OLP L. occipito-laeva posterior (left occipitoposterior) OLT L. occipito-laeva transversa (left occipitotransverse) o.m. L. omni mane (every morning) OMD Doctor of Oriental Medicine Omn. bih. L. omni bihora (every two hours) Omn. hor. L. omni hora (every hour) Omn. noct. L. omni nocte (every night) OMPA octamethyl pyrophosphoramide Om. quar. hor. L. omni quadrante hora (every quarter of an hour) o.n. L. omni nocte (every night) OPRT orotate phosphoribosyltransferase OPV poliovirus vaccine live oral OR operating room Orn ornithine ORS oral rehydration salts ORT oral rehydration therapy OS L. oculus sinister (left eye) Os osmium OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OT old term (anatomy); Old tuberculin OTC over the counter; ornithine transcarbamoylase OTD organ tolerance dose OU L. oculus uterque (each eye) OVD occlusal vertical dimension oz ounce P para; peta-; phosphate group; phosphorus; poise; posterior; premolar; proline; pupil P power; pressure; probability P1 parental generation P2 pulmonic second sound PCO2 <note: should carbon dioxide partial pressure (carbon dioxide tension) be subsubscript if possible> Pi orthophosphate PO2 <note: should oxygen partial pressure (oxygen tension) be subsubscript if possible> p pico-; proton; short arm of a chromosome p150,95 glycoprotein p150,95 p momentum; (in statistics) the probability that a specific event will occur. Cf. q p- para- Π product (in mathematics) π the ratio of the diameter and circumference of a circle, approximately 3.1415926536; osmotic pressure Φ magnetic flux ψ pseudouridine PA physician assistant; posteroanterior; pulmonary artery Pa pascal; protactinium PAB, PABA p-aminobenzoic acid PAC premature atrial complex PAF platelet activating factor PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PAH, PAHA p-aminohippuric acid PAI plasminogen activator inhibitor PALS periarterial lymphoid sheath l-PAM l-phenylalanine mustard PAN polyarteritis nodosa PAP peroxidase-antiperoxidase (technique); placental alkaline phosphatase Par. aff. L. pars affecta (the part affected) Part. aeq. L. partes aequales (equal parts) Part. vic. L. partitis vicibus (in divided doses) PAS p-aminosalicylic acid; periodic acid-Schiff (reaction) PASA p-aminosalicylic acid PASG pneumatic antishock garment Past. Pasteurella PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure PB Pharmacopoeia Britannica Pb lead (L. plumbum) PBG porphobilinogen PBI protein-bound iodine PBPC peripheral blood progenitor cells PC phosphocreatine P.C. L. pondus civile (avoirdupois weight) p.c. L. post cibum (after meals) PCA passive cutaneous anaphylaxis PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PcB near point of convergence PCC prothrombin complex concentrate PCE pseudocholinesterase PCEC purified chick embryo cell vaccine PCG phonocardiogram PCI percutaneous coronary intervention pCi picocurie Pco2 carbon dioxide partial pressure (carbon dioxide tension) PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome PCP phencyclidine hydrochloride; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PCR polymerase chain reaction; protein catabolic rate PCT porphyria cutanea tarda PCV packed-cell volume PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PD prism diopter; interpupillary distance; peritoneal dialysis Pd palladium PDA patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending (coronary) artery PE phosphatidylethanolamine PEA pulseless electrical activity PEARS porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure PEF peak expiratory flow PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PEG pneumoencephalography; polyethylene glycol PEG-ADA PEG-adenosine deaminase PEM protein-energy malnutrition PEN pharmacy equivalent name PEP phosphoenolpyruvate; preejection period Per. op. emet. L. peracta operatione emetici (when the action of the emetic is over) PET positron emission tomography PG prostaglandin; Pharmacopoeia Germanica pg picogram PGD preimplantation genetic diagnosis PGD2, PGE2, symbols for various prostaglandins PGF2α, PGI2 Ph Pharmacopeia; phenyl PHA phytohemagglutinin phar pharmacy; pharmaceutical; pharmacopeia Phar B L. Pharmaciae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Pharmacy) Phar C Pharmaceutical Chemist Phar D L. Pharmaciae Doctor (Doctor of Pharmacy) Phar G Graduate in Pharmacy Phar M L. Pharmaciae Magister (Master of Pharmacy) pharm pharmaceutical; pharmacopeia; pharmacy Pharm D L. Pharmaciae Doctor (Doctor of Pharmacy) PhB British Pharmacopoeia PhD L. Philosophiae Doctor (Doctor of Philosophy) Phe phenylalanine PhG Graduate in Pharmacy; Pharmacopoeia Germanica PHPPA p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid PI phosphatidylinositol PID pelvic inflammatory disease PIE pulmonary interstitial emphysema PIF prolactin-inhibiting factor Pil. L. pilula (pill), L. pilulae (pills) PIP phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate PIP2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PIT plasma iron turnover PJRT permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia PJT paroxysmal junctional tachycardia PK pyruvate kinase PKU, PKU1 phenylketonuria PLED periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge PLP proteolipid protein PLT primed lymphocyte typing; psittacosis–lymphogranuloma venereum– trachoma (group of organisms) Pm promethium PMI point of maximal impulse PMMA polymethyl methacrylate PMN polymorphonuclear; polymorphonuclear neutrophil PMR proportionate mortality ratio PNET peripheral neuroectodermal tumor; primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNH paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PO L. per os (by mouth, orally) PO2, PO2 <note: oxygen partial pressure (oxygen tension) should be subsubscript if possible> Po polonium pO2, pO2 oxygen partial pressure (oxygen tension) POA pancreatic oncofetal antigen Pocill. L. pocillum (a small cup) Pocul. L. poculum (cup) poly A polyadenylate; polyadenylic acid POMC pro-opiomelanocortin POMP prednisone, Oncovin (vincristine), methotrexate, and Purinethol (6- mercaptopurine) Pond. L. pondere (by weight) POR problem-oriented record Post sing. sed. liq. L. post singulas sedes liquidas (after every loose stool) pot AGT potential abnormality of glucose tolerance PP L. punctum proximum (near point of accommodation) PPi pyrophosphate PPD purified protein derivative (tuberculin) PPLO pleuropneumonia-like organisms ppm parts per million PPR peste des petits ruminants Ppt precipitate; prepared PR prosthion; pulmonic regurgitation PR L. punctum remotum (far point of accommodation) Pr praseodymium; presbyopia; prism PRA panel-reactive antibody P. rat. aetat. L. pro ratione aetatis (in proportion to age) prev AGT previous abnormality of glucose tolerance PRF prolactin-releasing factor PRK photorefractive keratectomy PRL, Prl prolactin p.r.n. L. pro re nata (according to circumstances) Pro proline pro-UK prourokinase PrP prion protein PRPP phosphoribosylpyrophosphate PRU peripheral resistance unit PS phosphatidylserine; pulmonary stenosis ps per second PSA prostate-specific antigen P450SCC cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) psi pounds per square inch PSM presystolic murmur PSMA prostate-specific membrane antigen PSP phenolsulfonphthalein PSVT paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia PT prothrombin time Pt platinum pt pint PTA plasma thromboplastin antecedent (blood coagulation factor XI) PTC phenylthiocarbamide; plasma thromboplastin component (blood coagulation factor IX) PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PteGlu pteroylglutamate; pteroylglutamic acid PTEN pentaerythritol tetranitrate PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (polytef) PTH parathyroid hormone PTRA percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder PTT activated partial thromboplastin time; partial thromboplastin time Pu plutonium PUBS percutaneous umbilical blood sampling PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid pulv. L. pulvis (powder) PUO pyrexia of unknown origin PUVA psoralen plus ultraviolet A (therapy) PVC polyvinyl chloride PVL periventricular leukomalacia PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP-I povidone-iodine PVS persistent vegetative state PWA person with AIDS PWM pokeweed mitogen PZD partial zona dissection PZI protamine zinc insulin Q ubiquinone Q electric charge; heat; reaction quotient Q10 temperature coefficient; ubiquinone # rate of blood flow q the long arm of a chromosome q. L. quaque (each, every) q electric charge, ubiquinone; (in statistics) the probability of an alternative event occurring q.d. L. quaque die (every day) q.h. L. quaque hora (every hour) q.i.d. L. quater in die (four times a day) q.1. L. quantum libet (as much as desired) QNS Queen's Nursing Sister (of Queen's Institute of District Nursing) qns quantity not sufficient q.p. L. quantum placeat (as much as desired) q.q.h. L. quaque quarta hora (every four hours) Qq.hor. L. quaque hora (every hour) QS2 electromechanical systole q.s. L. quantam satis (sufficient quantity) q.suff. L. quantum sufficit (as much as suffices) qt quart quadrupl. L. quadruplicato (four times as much) Quat., quat. L. quattuor (four) Quinq. L. quinque (five) Quint. L. quintus (fifth) Quotid. L. quotidie (daily) q.v. L. quantum vis (as much as you please); L. quod vide (which see) R arginine; organic radical; Rankine (see under scale; rate; expiratory exchange ratio; Rēaumur scale; resistance; respiration; rhythm; right; roentgen; rough (colony) R. L. remotum (far) R resistance; gas constant Rx L. recipe (take) RA, RAW airway resistance Re Reynolds' number r drug resistance; ring chromosome r correlation coefficient; distance; radius; drug resistance rs Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ correlation coefficient Ra radium RAD right axis deviation rad radian; radiation absorbed dose rad. L. radix (root) RAE right atrial enlargement RAIU radioactive iodine uptake RAMC Royal Army Medical Corps RAO right anterior oblique RAS renal artery stenosis; renin-angiotensin system RAST radioallergosorbent test RAV Rous-associated virus Rb rubidium RBBB right bundle branch block RBC red blood cell; red blood (cell) count RBC IT red blood cell iron turnover RBD REM sleep behavior disorder RBE relative biological effectiveness RBP retinol binding protein RCA regulator of complement activation; right coronary artery rCBF regional cerebral blood flow rcp reciprocal translocation RCU red cell utilization RD reaction of degeneration rd rutherford RDA recommended dietary allowance; right displacement of the abomasum RDE receptor-destroying enzyme RE radium emanation; right eye; retinol equivalent Re rhenium Rect. L. rectificatus (rectified) Redig. in pulv. L. redigatur in pulverem (let it be reduced to powder) Red. in pulv. L. reductus in pulverem (reduced to powder) REG radioencephalography REM rapid eye movements Rep. L. repetatur (let it be repeated) RES reticuloendothelial system RF rheumatoid factor RFA right frontoanterior (position of the fetus) RfD reference dose RFI renal failure index RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism RFP right frontoposterior (position of the fetus) RFT right frontotransverse (position of the fetus) RGN Registered General Nurse (Scotland) Rh rhodium r-HuEPO recombinant human erythropoietin RIA radioimmunoassay RID radial immunodiffusion RIF right iliac fossa RIND reversible ischemic neurologic deficit RIPA radioimmunoprecipitation assay RIST radioimmunosorbent test RLF retrolental fibroplasias RLL right lower lobe RMA right mentoanterior (position of the fetus) RML right middle lobe RMP right mentoposterior (position of the fetus) RMT right mentotransverse (position of the fetus) RN registered nurse Rn radon RNA ribonucleic acid RNase ribonuclease RNase I pancreatic ribonuclease RNase A pancreatic ribonuclease RNP ribonucleoprotein ROA right occipitoanterior (position of the fetus) ROP right occipitoposterior (position of the fetus) ROT right occipitotransverse (position of the fetus) RPF renal plasma flow R Ph Registered Pharmacist RPLND retroperitoneal lymph node dissection rpm revolutions per minute RQ respiratory quotient RRA Registered Record Administrator rRNA ribosomal RNA RSA right sacroanterior (position of the fetus) RScA right scapuloanterior (position of the fetus) RSCN Registered Sick Children's Nurse RScP right scapuloposterior (position of the fetus) RSP right sacroposterior (position of the fetus) RST right sacrotransverse (position of the fetus) RTA renal tubular acidosis RTF resistance transfer factor Ru ruthenium RUL right upper lobe RV residual volume RVA rabies vaccine adsorbed RVAD right ventricular assist device RVH right ventricular hypertrophy S sacral vertebrae (S1–S5); serine; siemens; smooth (colony); spherical lens; substrate; sulfur; Svedberg unit s. signa (mark) S entropy S1 first heart sound S2 second heart sound S3 third heart sound S4 fourth heart sound Sf Svedberg flotation unit s second s. L. semis (half); L. sinister (left) $ L. sine (without) s sample standard deviation -1 s reciprocal second Σ summation σ standard deviation σ2 variance SA sinoatrial S.A. L. secundum artem (according to art) SACH solid ankle cushion heel SAD seasonal affective disorder SADS Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia S.A.L. secundum artis leges (according to the rules of art) SAP sphingolipid activator protein SB sinus bradycardia Sb antimony (L. stibium) SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis SC closure of semilunar valves; secretory component; subcutaneous Sc scandium SCAT sheep cell agglutination test ScD Scientiae Doctor (Doctor of Science) ScDA L. scapulo-dextra anterior (right scapuloanterior) ScDP L. scapulo-dextra posterior (right scapuloposterior) SChE serum cholinesterase SCI spinal cord injury SCID severe combined immunodeficiency ScLA L. scapulo-laeva anterior (left scapuloanterior) SCLC small cell lung carcinoma ScLP L. scapulo-laeva posterior (left scapuloposterior) SCM State Certified Midwife scr scruple scu-PA single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator SD skin dose; standard deviation SDA L. sacro-dextra anterior (right sacroanterior) SDE specific dynamic effect SDP L. sacro-dextra posterior (right sacroposterior) SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS-PAGE SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDT L. sacro-dextra transversa (right sacrotransverse) SE standard error; sphenoethmoidal suture Se selenium SED skin erythema dose semel in d. L. semel in die (once a day) Semih. L. semihora (half an hour) SEP somatosensory evoked potential Sept. L. septem (seven) seq. luce L. sequenti luce (the following day) Ser serine SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator Serv. L. serva (keep; preserve) sesquih. L. sesquihora (an hour and a half) SFEMG single fiber electromyography SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase SH serum hepatitis SHML sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) SI stimulation index; Système International d'Unités (International System of Units) Si silicon SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone s.i.d. L. semel in die (once a day) SIDS sudden infant death syndrome Sig. n. pro. L. signa nomine proprio (label with the proper name) SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation sing. L. singulorum (of each) Si non val. L. si non valeat (if it is not enough) Si op. sit L. si opus sit (if it is necessary) SISI short increment sensitivity index SIV simian immunodeficiency virus Si vir. perm. L. si virus permittant (if the strength will permit) SKSD streptokinase-streptodornase sl slyke SLA L. sacro-laeva anterior (left sacroanterior) SLAC scapholunate advanced collapse SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SLO scanning laser ophthalmoscope SLP L. sacro-laeva posterior (left sacroposterior) SLT L. sacro-laeva transversa (left sacrotransverse) Sm samarium Sm 153-EDTMP samarium Sm 153 lexidronam SMC selenomethylnorcholesterol SMON subacute myelo-opticoneuropathy SMR standardized morbidity ratio; standardized mortality ratio S.N. L. secundum naturam (according to nature) Sn tin (L. stannum) SNAP sensory nerve action potential SNP single nucleotide polymorphism snRNA small nuclear RNA snRNP small nuclear ribonucleoprotein SNS sympathetic nervous system SO spheno-occipital synchondrosis SOB shortness of breath SOFAS Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale Sol. L. solutio (solution) solv. L. solve (dissolve) SOMI stemal-occipital-mandibular immobilizer S. op. s. L. si opus sit (if it is necessary) S.O.S. L. si opus sit (if it is necessary) sp. L. spiritus (spirit) SPA sperm penetration assay SPCA serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (blood coagulation factor VII) SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography SPF specific-pathogen free sp gr specific gravity sph spherical; spherical lens spir. L. spiritus (spirit) Spt. L. spiritus (spirit) SQ subcutaneous SR stimulation ratio Sr strontium sr steradian SRBC sheep red blood cell SRF skin reactive factor SRH somatotropin-releasing hormone SRIF somatotropin release–inhibiting factor SRN State Registered Nurse (England and Wales) SRS-A slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis SRT speech reception threshold; speech recognition threshold SS somatostatin ss. L. semis (half) SSD source-skin distance ssDNA single-stranded DNA SSPE subacute sclerosing panencephalitis SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ssRNA single-stranded RNA SSS sick sinus syndrome; specific soluble substance s.s.s. L. stratum super stratum (layer upon layer) S.S.V. L. sub signo veneni (under a poison label) ST sinus tachycardia St stroke St. L. stet (let it stand); L. stent (let them stand) stat. L. statim (at once, immediately) STD sexually transmitted disease STE subperiosteal tissue expander STI systolic time intervals STP standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 760 mm Hg) STS serologic test for syphilis su. L. sumat (let him take) Sub fin. coct. L. sub finem coctionis (toward the end of boiling) SUDS sudden unexplained death syndrome sum. L. sumat (let him take); L. sumendum (to be taken) SUZI subzonal insemination SV sinus venosus; simian virus; stroke volume SV40 simian virus 40 Sv sievert SVC superior vena cava SVT supraventricular tachycardia Syr. L. syrupus (syrup) T intraocular tension; tera-; tesla; threonine; thymine; thymidine; tetanus toxoid; thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12); triangulation number T absolute temperature; transmittance T1/2 half-life; half-time T1 tricuspid valve closure T3 triiodothyronine T4 thyroxine Tm melting temperature; transport maximum; tubular maximum t translocation t1/2 half-life; half-time θ angle τ mean life; torque TA Terminologia Anatomica; toxin-antitoxin Ta tantalum TAC tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine TAD 6-thioguanine, ara-C (cytarabine), and daunomycin TAT Thematic Apperception Test; toxin-antitoxin TB tuberculosis Tb terbium TBG thyroxine-binding globulin TBI traumatic brain injury; total body irradiation TBII TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins TBW total body water TC transcobalamin Tc technetium TCD50 median tissue culture dose TCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin TCID50 median tissue culture infective dose TCM traditional Chinese medicine TCMI T cell-mediated immunity TCR T cell antigen receptor TCV total cell volume Td tetanus and diphtheria toxoids TD50 median toxic dose TDA TSH-displacing antibody TDI toluene diisocyanate t.d.s. L. ter die sumendum (to be taken three times a day) TdT terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Te tellurium TeBG testosterone-estradiol–binding globulin TED threshold erythema dose TEE transesophageal echocardiography TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TEOAE transient evoked otoacoustic emissions TEPP tetraethyl pyrophosphate TESE testicular sperm extraction TET treadmill exercise test; tubal embryo transfer TF transfer factor 6-TG 6-thioguanine TGE transmissible gastroenteritis TGF transforming growth factor TGT thromboplastin generation test Th thorium THAM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane THC tetrahydrocannabinol THF tetrahydrofolate; tetrahydrofolic acid Thr threonine Ti titanium TIA transient ischemic attack TIBC total iron-binding capacity t.i.d. L. ter in die (three times a day) tinet. L. tinctura (tincture) TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt TK thymidine kinase TKD tokodynamometer TKG tokodynagraph TI thallium TLC total lung capacity; thin-layer chromatography TLI total lymphoid irradiation TLSO thoracolumbosacral orthosis TLV threshold limit value Tm thulium TMA trimellitic anhydride TMI transmandibular implant TMST treadmill stress test Tn normal intraocular tension TND transmissible neurodegenerative disease TNF tumor necrosis factor TNM tumor-nodes-metastasis TNS transcutaneous nerve stimulation TNT trinitrotoluene TORCH toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex TPA, t-PA tissue plasminogen activator TPHA Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay TPN total parenteral nutrition; triphosphopyridine nucleotide TPP thiamine pyrophosphate TR tricuspid regurgitation TRALI transfusion-related acute lung injury TRAPS TNF-receptor–associated periodic syndrome TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone Trid. L. triduum (three days) Trit. L. tritura (triturate) tRNA transfer RNA troch. L. trochiscus (troche) Trp tryptophan TRU turbidity reducing unit TS test solution; tricuspid stenosis TSA tumor-specific antigen TSD Tay-Sachs disease TSE transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSF triceps skinfold TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone T-spine thoracic spine TSTA tumor-specific transplantation antigen TT therapeutic touch; thrombin time TTV thrombotic threshold velocity TU tuberculin unit TURBT transurethral resection of bladder tumor TURP transurethral resection of the prostate tus. L. tussis (a cough) TWZ triangular working zone TXA2, TXB2 thromboxanes A2 and B2 Tyr tyrosine U international unit of enzyme activity; unit; uracil; uranium; uridine u atomic mass unit UDP uridine diphosphate UK urokinase ult. praes. L. ultimum praescriptus (last prescribed) UMP uridine monophosphate ung. L. unguentum (ointment) UPP urethral pressure profile UPPP uvulopalatopharyngoplasty URR urea reduction ratio US ultrasound USAN United States Adopted Names USP United States Pharmacopeia USRDS United States Renal Data System Ut dict. L. ut dictum (as directed) Utend. L. utendus (to be used) UTI urinary tract infection UTP uridine triphosphate UV ultraviolet UVA ultraviolet A UVB ultraviolet B UVC ultraviolet C V valine; vanadium; vision; volt; volume V voltage; volume Vmax the maximum velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction VT tidal volume (in pulmonary ventilation) v. L. vena (vein) v velocity; voltage VA visual acuity VAC vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide VACTERL vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal, and limb VAD ventricular assist device Val valine VAMP vincristine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisone var. variety VATER vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, radial and renal dysplasia VATS video-assisted thoracic (or thorascopic) surgery VC vital capacity VCG vectorcardiogram VCU voiding cystourethrography VCUG voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography VD venereal disease VDEL Venereal Disease Experimental Laboratory VDH valvular disease of the heart VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratories VEE Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VEP visual evoked potential Vesic. L. vesicula, vesicatorium (a blister) VF vocal fremitus vf visual field VFib ventricular fibrillation VFI ventricular flutter VHDL very-high-density lipoprotein VIG vaccinia immune globulin VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide vit. ov. sol. L. vitello ovi solutus (dissolved in yolk of egg) VLA very late activation (antigen) VLBW very low birth weight (infant) VLCD very low calorie diet VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein VM-26 teniposide VMA vanillylmandelic acid VMD Veterinariae Medicinae Doctor (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) v.o.s. L. vitello ovi solutus (dissolved in yolk of egg) VP variegate porphyria VP-16 etoposide VPB ventricular premature beat VPC ventricular premature complex VPD ventricular premature depolarization VPF vascular permeability factor VPRC volume of packed red cells VR vocal resonance VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococci VS volumetric solution VSG variable surface glycoprotein VT ventricular tachycardia vv. L. venae (veins) v/v volume (of solute) per volume (of solvent) VW vessel wall vWF von Willebrand's factor VZIG varicella-zoster immune globulin W tryptophan; tungsten (Ger. Wolfram); watt W work WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Wb weber WBC white blood cell; white blood cell count WEE western equine encephalomyelitis WHHL Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic WHO World Health Organization WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children wt weight w/v weight (of solute) per volume (of solvent) X Kienböck unit; xanthine; xanthosine X reactance . sample mean x abscissa Xe xenon XMP xanthosine monophosphate XOAN X-linked (Nettleship) ocular albinism XU excretory urography Y tyrosine; yttrium y ordinate Yb ytterbium Z atomic number; impedance ZIFT zygote intrafallopian transfer Zn zinc Zr zirconium ZSR zeta sedimentation ratio Zz. L. zingiber (ginger)