ASSIGNMENT #1

INT 406

SUBMITTED BY: NAVIN

ROLL NO.B39
SUBMITTED TO: Mr.MANMEET SINGH

Part A
Q 1What is the difference between windows server 2003 and Red hat Linux.
Ans:
 Windows Server 2003 has a well-designed graphical user interface (GUI).
The entire operating system is built with the GUI as part of the 'selling point'
of the operating system.

 Windows has the built-in Task Scheduler which allows administrators to

schedule jobs to run at specifies times or intervals.

 Security is very granular, with both User-based (using Active Directory

administrative GUI interfaces) and file-based security.

 Windows Server 2003 delivered between 66 and 95 percent better File server
throughput in our tests on a HP DL760 server using up to eight processors
compared to Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1.

 Only one computer in a domain or Network can be running Windows Server

2003 for Small Business Server.
 Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server is limited to 4GB of RAM.
Red Had Enterprise Linux Benefits and Features:

 Linux is basically an incarantion of UNIX and, as such, has been in use, in

some form or fashion, for as long, or longer, than Windows.
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server offers the standard Unix-based user and
group provisioning capabilities, along with user- and group-based file
security. File and folder security can be set on a per-user or per-group basis.
 Third-party tools such as Vintella allow Linux to utilize Active Directory as
the basis for authenticating to the network and to the Linux server; thus the
setting and changing of user passwords can be accomplished in the Active
Directory realm, alleviating yet another administrative burden from the
Linux administrator.
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server offers the standard Unix-based user and
group provisioning capabilities, along with user- and group-based file
security. File and folder security can be set on a per-user or per-group basis.
 For Red Hat Enterprise Linux servers, postfix and sendmail are the two
enterprise email offerings, with sendmail being the long-standing defacto
standard.

Q2) How can we say that NTFS file system is more secure and reliable than FAT
file system. What is the default file system on open Source NOS?

Ans:
NTFS is also called journaling file system which is a critical function of a file
system. The NTFS will not allow the unauthorized users to operate and make any
changes.
NTFS also prevents them from reading any data from the computer. NTFS can
transform the file information effectively and automatically into unreadable form.

NTFS is known to be away from corruption. It has the option to implement various
security and administrative features in the operating system. It is found to support
domain names of active directory.

NTFS form is found to be more advanced form of file system compared to FAT.
NTFS is designed to arrange more files per directory.

NTFS file system does not need file system checking feature and does not need
operating system maintenance. The file cluster size partitioned will be smaller than
in FAT32.
FAT - the only file permissions FAT has is the ability to make a file read only,
however any user may change that flag and therefor anyone with access to the file
system has access to any file on that file system
NTFS sets read/write/execute file permissions to users and or user groups.

Hence, NTFS can be used to recover the data easily, to manually check the file
system structure and to clean and scan the malware, when more data has to be
stored and hidden; when the application needs the larger size files

SO,NTFS also used to check and recover the data in a easy way by manaualy
check the file system structure and to clean the unused file and thread. So we can
say that NTFS is more secure than FAT.

Q 3) Compare the four flavours of Windows Server 2003.

Ans:
The Four Edition of Windows server 2003 :
 Standard edition
 Enterprise edition
 Datacenter edition
 Web edition

Standard edition:
 Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition is designed with the
day-to-day needs of the average enterprise in mind and is
the progressive replacement for the Windows NT4
Server/Windows 2000 Server line of server operating
systems.
 Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition is aimed towards small to
medium sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing,
offers secure Internet connectivity, and allows centralized desktop
application deployment. The initial release of Windows Server 2003 was
available solely for 32-bit processors; a 64-bit version supporting the x86-
 64 architecture (AMD64 and EM64T, called collectively x64 by Microsoft)
was released in April 2005. The 32-bit version will run on up to 4 processors
with up to 4 GB RAM; the 64-bit version is capable of addressing up to 32
GB of RAM and also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access. The 32-bit
version is available for students to download free of charge as part
of Microsoft's DreamSpark program.

Enterprise edition:

 Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition is designed

specifically for the needs of larger customers, as their needs
surpass the functional levels of Windows Server 2003
Standard Edition. Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition is
the progressive replacement for the Windows NT4 Server
Enterprise Edition/Windows 2000 Advanced Server line of
server operating systems.

 Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition is aimed towards medium to large

businesses. It is a full-function server operating system that supports up to 8
processors and provides enterprise-class features such as eight-
node clustering using Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS) software and
support for up to 32 GB of memory through PAE (added with the /PAE boot
string). Enterprise Edition also comes in 64-bit versions for the Itanium and
x64 architectures. The 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003, Enterprise
Edition are capable of addressing up to 1 TB of memory. Both 32-bit and 64-
bit versions support Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA). It also
provides the ability to hot-add supported hardware. Enterprise Edition is also
required to issue custom certificate templates.

Datacenter edition:

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition is designed for infrastructures

demanding high security and reliability. Windows Server 2003 is available for x86,
Itanium, and x86-64 processors. It supports a maximum of up to 32 processors on
32-bit or 64 processors on 64-bit hardware. 32-bit architecture also limits memory
addressability to 64 GB, while the 64-bit versions support up to 1 TB. Windows
Server 2003, Datacenter Edition, also allows limiting processor and memory usage
on a per-application basis.
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition also supports Non-Uniform Memory
Access. If supported by the system, Windows, with help from the
system firmware will make use of NUMA kernel awareness, which is indicated by
the presence of a firmware generatel ACPI Static Resource Affinity Table (SRAT)
that defines the NUMA topology of the system. Windows then uses this table to
optimize memory accesses, and provide NUMA awareness to applications, thereby
increasing the efficiency of thread scheduling and memory management.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition has better support for Storage Area
Networks (SAN). It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate
TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a
SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can
communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the
application.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition also supports 8-node clustering.
Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations by
distributing and replicating the service among many servers. Windows supports
clustering with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or with all clusters
connected to a common storage area network (SAN). The SAN can be running on a
Windows or non-Windows operating system and may be connected to other
computers as well.
Web Edition
Windows Server 2003, Web Edition is mainly for building and hosting Web
applications, Web pages, and XML web services. It is designed to be used
primarily as an IIS 6.0 Web server]and provides a platform for rapidly developing
and deploying XML Web services and applications that use ASP.NET technology,
a key part of the .NET Framework. Terminal Server mode is not included on Web
Edition. However, Remote Desktop for Administration is available on Windows
Server 2003, Web Edition. Only 10 concurrent file-sharing connections are
allowed at any moment. It is not possible to install Microsoft SQL Server and
Microsoft Exchange software in this edition without installing Service Pack 1.
Despite supporting XML Web services and ASP.NET, UDDI cannot be deployed
on Windows Server 2003, Web Edition. The .NET Framework version 2.0 is not
included with Windows Server 2003, Web Edition, but can be installed as a
separate update from Windows Update.
Windows Server 2003 Web Edition supports a maximum of 2 processors with
support for a maximum of 2GB of RAM. Additionally, Windows Server 2003,
Web Edition cannot act as a domain controller. It is the only edition of Windows
Server 2003 that does not require Client Access Licenses when used as the internet
facing server front end for Internet Information Services and Windows Server
Update Services. When using it for storage or as a backend with another remote
server as the frontend, CALs may still be required.
Part B

Q4) Write a short note Windows NT and Sun Solaris and what
are the system requirements.
Ans:
Window NT:
Windows NT is a Microsoft Windows personal computer operating
system designed for users and businesses needing advanced capability. NT's
technology is the base for the Microsoft successor operating system, Windows
2000. Windows NT (which may originally have stood for "New Technology,"
although Microsoft doesn't say) is actually two products: Microsoft NT
Workstation and Microsoft NT Server. The Workstation is designed for users,
especially business users, who need faster performance and a system a little more
fail-safe than Windows 95 and Windows 98. The Server is designed for business
machines that need to provide services for network-attached computers. The Server
is required, together with an Internet server such as Microsoft's Internet
Information Server (IIS), for a Windows system that plans to serve Web pages.
A version of the Windows operating system. Windows NT (New Technology) is
a 32-bit operating system that supports preemptive multitasking.
There are actually two versions of Windows NT: Windows NT Server, designed to
act as a server in networks, and Windows NT Workstation for stand-alone or
client workstations.

Hardware requirements

The minimum hardware specification required to run each release of the

professional workstation version of Windows NT has been fairly slow-moving
 until the 6.0 Vista releases, which requires a minimum of 15 GB of free disk space,
a 10-fold increase in free disk space alone over the previous version.

Windows NT desktop (x86) minimum hardware requirements

Free disk
NT version CPU RAM
space
NT 3.1 12 MB
386, 25 MHz 90 MB
NT 3.1 Advanced Server 16 MB
12 MB
NT 3.5 Workstation 386, 25 MHz 90 MB
16 MB
NT 3.5 Server

Solaris:

It is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It

superseded their earlier SunOS in 1992. Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has
been owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January
2010. Solaris was historically developed as proprietary software, then in June 2005
Sun Microsystems released most of the codebase under the CDDL license, and
founded the OpenSolaris open source project. With OpenSolaris Sun wanted to
build a developer and user community around the software. After the acquisition of
Sun Microsystems in January 2010, Oracle decided to discontinue the OpenSolaris
distribution and the development model. As a result, the OpenSolaris
community forked the OpenIndiana project, as part of
the Illumos Foundation. However, starting with Solaris 11, updates to the Solaris
source code will still be distributed under the CDDL license, after full binary
releases are made. Oracle will also begin a technology partner program, called
Oracle Technology Network (OTN), to permit their industry partners access to the
in-development Solaris source code.

Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for
originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.[3][4]
Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers from Sun
and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is
registered as compliant with the Single Unix Specification.
Q5) How active directory is installed, list two different
ways and document the whole procedure.
Ans:

To install Active Directory on Windows Server 2003 :

Requirements

• An NTFS partition.
• Correct operating system version.
• A NIC
• A properly configured TCP/IP
• A network connection to a hub/switch or router.
• A Domain name that you want to use.
• Windows 2003 Server CD.

Installations

• Insert the Windows 2000/2003 CD.

• Click start > run and type dcpromo and press enter.
• Active directory installation wizard will be started.
• Click next and select the “domain controller for a new domain and click
next.
• Select a domain in the new forest.
• Provide the fully qualified domain name and click next.
• Enter the NETBIOS name and click next.
• Select the best options from 1. Permission compatible with Pre Windows
2000 server operating systems and 2. Permission compatible only with
Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 operating systems.
• Set the Active directory restore password. It is not the same as your domain
administrator password.
• Click next.
• Active directory installation process begins.
• During the installation process do not click cancel. The installation process
will automatically be completed.
• When the installation is completed click finish and restart the computer.
Active directory provides the benefits such as site scalability, simplified domain
logon, management console, enhanced LDAP security, schema enhancements,
interoperability, user management and network resources management. AD
reduces the burden the management on the IT professionals, increases the
productivity of the users, improved fault tolerance and enhanced security features.

To install Active directory by using the Windows interface:

1. Click Start, and then click Server Manager.
2. In Roles Summary, click Add Roles.
3. If necessary, review the information on the Before You Begin page,
and then click Next.
4. On the Select Server Roles page, select the Active Directory Domain
Services check box, and then click Next.
5. If necessary, review the information on the Active Directory Domain
Services page, and then click Next.
6. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.
7. On the Installation Results page, click Close this wizard and launch the
Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard (dcpromo.exe).
8. On the Welcome to the Active Directory Domain Services Installation
Wizard page, click Next.
a. If you want to install from media, identify the source domain
controller for AD DS replication, or specify the Password
Replication Policy (PRP) for an RODC as part of the installation of
the additional domain controller, click Use advanced mode
installation.
9. On the Operating System Compatibility page, review the warning
about the default security settings for Windows Server 2008 domain
controllers, and then click Next.
10. On the Choose a Deployment Configuration page, click Existing forest,
click Add a domain controller to an existing domain, and then click
Next.
11. On the Select a Domain page, select the domain of the new domain
controller, and then click Next.
12. On the Select a Site page, select a site from the list or select the
option to install the domain controller in the site that corresponds to its
IP address, and then click Next.
 13. On the Additional Domain Controller Options page, make the following
selections, and then click Next:

6) How many partitions we require to install WIN Server

2003.Which type of partition we require while installing
Windows Server 2003 and why?
Ans:

Only one partition required to install window server 2003.Windows Server 2003
supports the NTFS file system in addition to the file allocation table (FAT) and
FAT32 file systems. Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, and Windows NT are
the only Microsoft operating systems that you can use to gain access to data on a
local hard disk that is formatted with NTFS. If you plan to gain access to files that
are on a local Windows Server 2003 partition with the Microsoft Windows 95 or
Windows98 operating systems, you should format the partition with a FAT or
FAT32 file system. In case of missing, damaged or deleted Windows partition,
Partition Recovery Software can be used to recover all missing information. These
are the powerful tools to scan the affected drive. The applications are quite easy to
use and are found to successfully recover all lost partition in any case. They are
designed as read-only and hence are safe to be used. Users can simply carry out
recovery by following the described steps. Stellar Phoenix Windows Data
Recovery is the safe and complete Partition Recovery product. The software
supports Windows Vista, Server 2003, XP and 2000. It offers advanced recovery
features like Create Image, Advanced Scan, RAW File Recovery, File Filter and
many similar. The software can be used for any disk based on FAT16, FAT32,
VFAT, NTFS and NTFS5 file systems.