Understanding

Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Social Groups in the Society
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics- Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Social Groups in the Society
First Edition, 2020

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Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronilo AJ K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

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 Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Social Groups in the Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Social Groups in the Society!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that
you, as a learner, is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Social Groups in the Society!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

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As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which
What I Can Do will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Group is a generic term where its focus is on how we think about society
and our interaction with others. Groups are widespread in social lives and it
provides a vital way to understand ourselves--- both groups we belong to and
those groups which we are not into. Each group in the society is a social unit
which has the role to value system and to build the society as well.

This module was designed to help you analyze the types and purposes of
social organizations.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 –Types of Social Organizations

 Lesson 2- Functions of Social Organizations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the forms of social organization;

2. explain the significance of social organization; and
3. describe the function of social groups in our society.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It consists people who regularly and consciously interact with one another.
a. Coalition
b. Category
c. Aggregate
d. Social group
2. These consist people who has long-term and face to face relationship.
a. Out-group
b. Secondary group
c. Primary group
d. Reference group

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3. It pertains to people who share similar characteristics but are not tied to one
another in any way.
a. Social groups
b. Aggregate
c. Category
d. Coalitions
4. This refers to the smallest possible group size.
a. Dyad
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition
5. This is a group that people compare themselves to which provides a
standard of measurement.
a. Out-group
b. Secondary group
c. Primary group
d. Reference group
6. This group is usually fairly small and is made up of individuals who
generally engage face-to-face in long-term emotional ways.
a. Secondary group
b. Primary group
c. Reference group
d. Out-group
7. These groups serve as instrumental function rather than an expressive one,
meaning that their role is more goal- or task-oriented than emotional.
a. Secondary group
b. Reference group
c. Primary group
d. In-group
8. Your family is an example of ________.
a. Secondary group
b. Reference group
c. Primary group
d. In-group
9. Basketball Team, Debate Society, Religious Organization are examples of
________.
a. Secondary group
b. Reference group
c. Primary group
d. In-group
10.Grade 11 students in line waiting for their turn to register for SSG election is
an example of ________.
a. Aggregate
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition

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11.Jose look up to the MNHS Annex debate society’s skills in debate as he
practices for next year’s annual debate competition. MNHS Annex Debate
Society is Jose’s ________.
a. Aggregate
b. Triad
c. Reference Group
d. Coalition
12.It is regarded as internal faction or group within a group.
a. Aggregate
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition
13.Ana loves to go out with her officemates every weekend. Ana’s officemates
are example of ________.
a. Secondary group
b. Reference group
c. Primary group
d. In-group
14.It is the largest size of social group.
a. Dyad
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition
15.Which of the following social groups is usually composed of a traditional
family?
a. Primary groups
b. In-groups
c. Reference groups
d. Secondary groups

Lesson
Types of Social
1 Organizations
Our country is diverse in terms of language, region, delicacy and many
others which lead to many social groups in every community. These groups
exist for many different purpose and direction. In this lesson, you will encounter
different categories and types of association a human being has in his/her
everyday existence.

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 What’s In

In the previous lesson, we have learned about socialization, which is the

never- ending process of learning through social institutions or learning
through experience. This lesson has something to do with interaction and
interrelationships in our day-to-day situations in the society.

In our everyday lives, most of the time, people are gathered together for a
purpose or because of many reasons and situations. Here in the Philippines,
people in the neighborhood during calamity who know nothing about each other
might become friendly and dependent with each other at the evacuation center.
After the calamity, they go back to their respective homes to live on their own.
The closeness occurred between them during their stay at the evacuation center
may remain since they have shared such experience. They might remain a
group coordinating with one another and being ready for any disaster in the
future.

Notes to the Teacher

It is essential to give emphasis on the characteristics of
social group in order to avoid confusion

What’s New

LET ME KNOW!

Using the table below, list down the 5 groups you belong to and the
practice you have observed. Use separate sheet of paper in this activity.

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 Your Group Common practice you have observed

e.g 12-HUMSS reading news everyday

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What is It

How does our society operate? We live everyday by experiencing the

existence of others, by being associated with different groups of people sharing
common goals and emotions. According to Openstax College (2013), social
groups are group of people who regularly and consciously interact with one
another. There are two terms confused with groups: people who exist in the
same place at the same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of
identity, such as a bunch of people standing in line at your school canteen are
considered an aggregate, or a crowd, while category pertains to people who
share similar characteristics but are not tied to one another in any way.

Types of Group according to OpenStax College (2013):

Types of Group Description Example

 a family of 5 living
 usually fairly small together in the
and is made up province of Nueva
of individuals who Ecija
generally engage  siblings and their
Primary Group face-to-face in long- children living in an
term emotional ways apartment near the
City proper of Muñoz
 expressive function  an adopted child
living with his foster
parents in the farm

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  a group of 7
 task-oriented and students for
time-limited research project
 these groups serve as  20 teachers
instrumental function designated to teach
rather than an Social Sciences at
Secondary Group expressive one, Muñoz National
meaning that their High School Annex
role is more goal- or  team MNHS-Annex
task-oriented than competes for
emotional basketball
 instrumental function championship in
the regional level

Primary groups consist both in-groups and out-groups, as secondary

groups do.

 IN-GROUP is the group that an individual feels he/she belongs to, and
he/she believes it to be an integral part of who he/she is.

Example: Juan belongs to a dance group and he is comfortable with his

groupmates.

 OUT-GROUP, conversely, is a group someone doesn’t belong to; oftenly,

there may be a feeling of disdain or competition in relation to an out-group.

Example: Juana is in her school’s cheering squad but feels alone since no
one wants to be with her especially during their training and break time.

Groups connect us to others through commonalities of interests and

activities. They give an essential way how we understand and evaluate ourselves.
We compare ourselves to a certain group which provides standard of
measurement, the reference group. Example of reference groups can be your
congregation in your home church, grade level and section, or even you parents
(Openstax College, 2013). You may not be aware of reference group but its
impact and influences are unavoidable everyday.

What’s More

Using the semantic web, identify your primary group and secondary
group. Use separate sheet of paper in this activity.

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 What I Have Learned

MATCHING TYPE. Under Set B are examples of the concepts listed in Set A
essential in studying the types of social organization. Match Set A to Set B by
writing the letter of the best answers on the a separate sheet of paper.

Answer Set A Set B

1. regularly and consciously interact with a. Secondary Group
one another
2. instrumental function b. Out-group
3. expressive function c. Primary Group
4. share sense of identity but do not interact d. In-group
with one another
5. similar characteristics but not tied to one e. Category
another
6. group you feel belong to f. Aggregate
7. group you do not feel you belong to g. Social Group
8. provides standard of measurement h. Reference Group

What I Can Do

Write your own haiku (Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in 3 lines of

5-7-5) on how can you contribute positively to the different social groups you
belong. Write your haiku on a separate sheet of paper.

Example:
Can we walk outside?
Yes we can, but not too close.
Please maintain distance

- CJ Riculan
(https://www.npr.org/2020/04/05/826623641/
processing-social-distancing-with-haiku)

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 Lesson
Functions of Social
2 Groups
Being in a group gives us opportunity to unlock our potentials and turn
our interest into action. It makes us function on the next level as we perform
duties and functions everyday. There is a need today for us to work as a group
in fighting against COVID-19. There are groups which help in transporting
frontliners, providing meals for those who cannot work, which share whatever
help they can give. The world faces one of its toughest struggles. Cooperation of
groups of individuals is needed at the moment.

What’s In

We all have our social groups in which we feel we belong to. According to
OpenStax College (2013), these groups refer to any collection of at least two
people who interact with some frequency and who share a sense that their
identities are somehow aligned with the group. But every time people are

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gathered together, they do not necessarily constitute a group. One good example
is people standing in line while waiting for Baliwag bus to arrive. These people
are considered aggregate or crowd, people who are in the same place at the
same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity. Another non-
group is people who share the same characteristics but are not related with one
another in any way.

Notes to the Teacher

Engage the students by using their own groups as
reference in answering the activities.

What’s New

Write your own slogan about the power of unity during this pandemic.
Use separate sheet of paper in this activity.

Example:

“Everyone needs to wear mask for this is a ‘must’ task.”

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 What is It

Association and Purpose

In our everyday lives, most of the time, people are gathered together for a
purpose. Here in the Philippines, people in the neighborhood during calamity
who know nothing about each other might become friendly and dependent with
each other at the evacuation center. After the calamity, they go back to their
respective homes to live on their own. The closeness occurred between them
during their stay at the evacuation center may remain since they have shared
such experience. They might remain a group coordinating with one another and
being ready for any disaster in the future.

We all have our social groups in which we feel we belong to. According to
Openstax College (2013), these groups refer to any collection of at least two
people who interact with some frequency and who share a sense that their
identities are somehow aligned with the group. But every time people are
gathered together, they do not necessarily constitute a group. One good example
is people standing in line while waiting for Baliwag bus to arrive. These people
are considered aggregate or crowd, people who are in the same place at the
same time, but who do not interact or share a sense of identity. Another non-
group is people who share the same characteristics but are not related with one
another in any way.

Size and Function of Groups

A dyad is the smallest possible size of a group consists of two members.

This can be usually seen in the nuclear family, marriage, and friendship. These
situations allow the members of the group know each other and share
immediate reactions. If one person gives up in the relationship, the group will be
dissolved. One can think of not talking to other for a lifetime. While triad has
three members, one may withdraw but the group can still exist. Small groups
normally have strong sense of connection but small groups usually struggle
when it comes to asserting their goals and opinions against larger groups
(Openstax College, 2013). Small groups are for intimate relationships while
larger groups are usually aiming to complete one task or promote advocacies
concerning different sectors of the society.

Coalitions are large groups composed of people and have emphasis on

alignment against the other groups. Few people rallying in the city to junk
certain bill in the congress remain unnoticeable. It is unavoidable to have clique
within larger group, or internal faction. One cannot associate himself/herself to
all the members of a large group every time. The larger the group, the lesser the

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focus to one another; the greater in number, the lesser the intimacy one has to
another.

A primary group is where one experiences and gives love, care, moral
support, and concern. These are family groups, romantic relationships, crisis
support groups. Primary groups are usually long lasting and focused often on
expressive goals. They provide source of encouragement and comfort in many
ways. While secondary groups involves impersonal relationships and mainly
focused on goals to be attained, it is where on gives and takes goods and
services such as labor for wages, services, goods. It can also be your grade level
and section where everybody aims to graduate on time, your dance troupe
which aims to develop your skills in contemporary dance and others (Lumen
Learning, n.d). Given the sizes and types of the group, they all serve with the
purpose to bring harmony in our society’s growth and development.

What’s More

Complete the table below. Use separate sheet of paper in this activity.

Roles they play in

Your Group Type of Group
your life
Example: Emotional and
Family Primary Group Financial Support
System

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 What I Have Learned

Using Venn Diagram, identify the similarities and differences of dyad and
coalition. Use separate sheet of paper in this activity.

DYAD COALITION
Differences
Differences
Similarities

What I Can Do

Using the acronyms in the box, describe dyad and coalition’s function in
your life during this COVID-19 Pandemic. Use separate sheet of paper in this
activity.

Example:

D- ual force

Y-

A-

D-

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 C-

O-

A-

L-

I-

T-

I-

O-

N-

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. These consist people who regularly and consciously interact with one
another.
a. Coalitions
b. Category
c. Aggregate
d. Social groups
2. It pertains to people who share similar characteristics but are not tied to one
another in any way.
a. Social groups
b. Aggregate
c. Category
d. Coalitions
3. This refers to people who exist in the same place at the same time, but do
not interact or share a sense of identity.
a. Category
b. Coalitions
c. Social groups
d. Aggregate

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4. Which of the following social groups is usually composed of a traditional
family?
a. Primary groups
b. In-groups
c. Reference groups
d. Secondary groups
5. What role do secondary groups play in society?
a. They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical
needs.
b. They provide a social network that allows people to compare themselves
to others.
c. The members give and receive emotional support.
d. They allow individuals to challenge their beliefs and prejudices.
6. When a high school student gets teased by her basketball team for receiving
an academic award, she is dealing with _____________.
a. Primary groups
b. Out-groups
c. Reference groups
d. Secondary groups
7. Amy is a member of debate group for her philosophy class. They will be
joining the international debate competition this year 2020. Which of the
following best describes Amy’s debate group?
a. Primary groups
b. Secondary groups
c. Reference groups
d. In-groups
8. Ana admires the dancers at her school and loves watching them every time
they practice. She usually copies their hairstyles of the girl dancers. The
group of dancers is an example of _____________.
a. In-groups
b. Out-groups
c. Reference groups
d. Secondary groups
9. Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _____________ to a
_____________.
a. Primary group; secondary group
b. Dyad; triad
c. Triad; family
d. De facto group; nuclear family
10.People in Araneta Coliseum watching UAAP Basketball Championship game
and people standing in line at the ticket booth are examples of _____________.
a. Coalition
b. Category
c. Aggregate
d. Social group

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11.Eli look up to the Lahing Kayumanggi Group’s skills in dancing as he
practices for next year’s Uhay Festival. Lahing Kayumanggi Group is Eli’s
_____________.
a. Aggregate
b. Triad
c. Reference Group
d. Coalition
12.It is regarded as internal faction or group within a group.
a. Aggregate
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition
13.Ana loves to go out with her high school friends every weekend. Ana’s high
school friends are example of _____________.
a. Secondary group
b. Reference group
c. Primary group
d. In-group
14.It is the largest size of social group.
a. Dyad
b. Triad
c. Clique
d. Coalition
15.Which of the following social groups is usually composed of a traditional
family?
a. Primary groups
b. In-groups
c. Reference groups
d. Secondary groups

Additional Activities

Based on the pictures below, give brief significance of each group’s function.

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

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_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

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Answer Key

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References

Lumen Learning. Types of Social Groups. Retrieved July 26, 2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/types-
of-socialgroups/, 2020

Openstax College. Introduction to Sociology. Retrieved June 20, 2016 from

http://cnx.org/content/col11407/1.7, 2013.

NPR.“Social Distancing Haikus”. Retrieved June 30, 2020https://www.npr.org/

2020/04/05/826623641/processing-social-distancing-withhaiku,nodate

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