MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE―2

WONDERS OF THE WORLD

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
(1) The Pyramids of Egypt : These are about 70 royal tombs of dead Pharaohs of Egypt are located on western
side of river Nile. Built around 4000 years ago they represent 1200 years of ancient Egyptian history.
(2) The Colossus of Rhodes : A 35m high bronze statue of the Greek Sun God Helios (Apollo), sculptured
around 325-292 BC by Charles of Lindus, was located in the port city of Rhodas (an island in the Mediterranean
Sea). In 224 BC an earthquake destroyed it.
(3) The HangingGardens of Babylon (6th century BC): Built by Nebuchadnezzar-II and located near Baghdad on
banks of EuphratesRiver. It was structured in a series of terraces on which flowers and trees were grown.
(4) The Tomb of Mausolus: It was made of marble and built by the widowed Queen Artemisia of King Caria of
Asia Minor 350 BC at Halicarnassus, Aegean Sea.
(5) The Pharos of Alexandria : The world’s first known lighthouse, designed by Greeks, standing 122 m high, it
was built on the island of Pharos at the entrance of Port of Alexandria (in Egypt on Nile delta) in 270 BC.
(6) The Statue of Zeus (Jupitor) at Olympia: A 9-metre high figure of supreme Greek God Zesus (Jupitor) in the
valley of Olympia, Greece.
(7) The Temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus (Rome): A Temple built in honour of the Greek virgin goddess of
the hunt and the moon, was situated at Ephesus in Asia Minor, an ancient but now vanished city on the east side
of the Aegean Sea, south of Smyrna (now Turkey)
Other Wonders of the World
(1) The Great Wall of China : World’s biggest wall, built originally in 3rd century BC to protect China from
nomadic invaders from the north. It is 2240 km long and runs across northern China and has an average height
of 7 m.
(2) The Taj Mahal: A masterpiece of white marbles built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his
beloved wife Mumtaz during 1631-1653.
(3) The Easter IslandStatues :Colossal, elongated heads – 9.5m high, carved from volcanic rocks. The South
Pacific island on which they stand was discovered on Easter Day in 1722 by the Dutch explorer Jacob
Roggeven.
(4) The EiffelTower : Built for the 1889 Paris exhibition by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923), made of wrought iron,
300 m high on the bank of River Seine. Now it is used as wireless communication centre.
(5) Catheral of Charter: A glorious Gothic cathedral, near hill town Charters in France, produces a unique
‘Charters-blu’ light from its 173 stained-glass windows. The Catheral was built around 12th century.
(6) Stonehenge :It is a circular assemblage of huge shaped stones erected between 1800 and 1500 BC in the
Salisbury plain about 145 km south-west of London. The stones are arranged in two circles, one within the
other.
(7) The Sphinx :Situated near Gizeh in Egypt, it is a large crouching lion with a pharaoh head, hewn out of solid
stone. It is 52.6 m long and 20.1 m high and was built during the time of the fourth dynasty, around 2500 BC.
(8) The LeaningTower of Pisa :It is one of the wonders of the middle ages. It is a round, eight storey, 57.3m
high, bell-tower, which was built in 1154 AD by the architect Bonanus of Pisa.
(9) The Colosseum at Rome :One of the largest amphitheatres in the world, it was begun by emperor Vespasian
and completed by emperor Domilan in 82 AD. I n 238 AD the fourth storey was added. Fifty thousand people
could sit and 20,000 stand in it. The cost of construction was 1,00,00,000 crowns and it was built by 12,000
slaves from Jerusalem.
(10) City of Tikal: The Mayan City of Tikal in Central America, built around 300 BC and rediscovered in 1848,
had many temples and buildings which includes pyramid of Great Jaguar.

IMPORTANT PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES

(1) Mona Lisa: It is portrait of a young women faintly similing, believed to be Mona, wife of Francesco del
Giocondo of Florence or La Gioconda, or mistress of Guiliamo de Medici. Lenonardo da Vinci made this most
valuable painting (size 77 x 53 cm) of the world in 1452-1517 which is now preserved in the Louvre, Paris.
(2) Panorama of the Mississippi : In 1846 John Banvard made this painting showing the river in a strip. It is the
world’s largest painting measuring 1525mx3.65m (length x width).
(3) Statue of Liberty : It is a huge bronze statue of a woman facing the sea with a Tablet in left had and lighted
torch in righ hand. It is exact replica of a statue situated on the bank of river Seine in Paris. It is situated on
BedloeIsland in New York (USA), and made by Gustave Eiffel, the builder of EiffelTower. It is 46m tall, and
stands on a pedestal of about same height, making the total height of 93 m from the ground level to the top of
torch. It is called ‘Statue of Liberty’ as the Tablet in the women’s hand bears the inscription ‘July 4, 1776’ the
date of American independence.

DEPENDENT TERRITORIES
Australia : Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean, and Norflok
Island in the South Pacific Ocean.
Denmark : Faeroe Islands, capital Torshaven; Greenland, capital godthaab.
France : French Guiana, capital Cayenne, in the northeast coast of South America; French Polynesia, capital
Pepeete, in the eastern Pacific; Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles; Matinique, capital Fort-de-France; Mayotte,
capital Dzaoudzi, east of Comoro Islands; New Caledonai, capital Noumea; Reunion, capital Saint-Denis, in the
Indian Ocean; St Pierre and Miquelon, chief town St Pierre; and Wallis and Futuna, capital Mata-Utu, in the
Central Pacific.
The Netherlands : Aruba, Chieftown; Oranjestad, in the Caribbean Sea; and Curacao, chief town; Willemstad
and Bonaire in the Lesser Antilles.
New Zealand : Cook Islands, capital Rarotonga, in the South Pacific; Niue; and Tokelau, north of Western
Samoa.
Norway : Jan Mayen, northeast of Iceland, and Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean.
Portugal : Macao, capital Macao, at the mouth of the Canton river.
United Kingdom : Auguilla, capital the Valley, most northerly of the Leeward Islands; Bermuda, capital
Hamilton, in the western Atlantic; British Virgin Islands, capital Road Town, east of Greater Antilles; Cayman
Islands, capital George Town, northwest of Jamaica; Falkland Islands, capital Stanley, in the south Atlantic
Ocean; Gibraltar, southern coast of Spain; Guernsey, capital St Peter Fort, in the English Channel; Hong Kong,
capital Victoria, in the southern coast of China; Isle of Man, capital Douglas, near the middle of the Irish Sea;
Jersey, capital St Helier, largest of the Channel Islands; Monstserrat, capital Plymouth, in the Caribbean Sea;
Pitcarian Island, in the Pacific Ocean; St. Helena, capital Jamestown, in the south Atlantic Ocean; and Turks
and Caicos Islands, capital Grand Turk, at the extremily of the Bahamas.
United States of America : American Samoa, capital Pago Pago; Guam, capital Agana, the largest of the
Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean; and Puerto Rico, capital San Juan, in the West Indies.
United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands : They comprise the Marshall Islands, the federated
states of Micronesia, Northern Marianas and Palaugroup of islands.

IMPORTANT ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAMRAM Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile
AAPSO Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation
ABC Audit Bureau of Circulation
ABM Anti-Ballistic Missile
AC Ante Christum (Before Christ); Alternating Current; Asoka Chakra; Air-conditioner
ACC Auxilliary Cadet Corps; Associated Cement Companies
AD Anno Domini
ADB Asian Development Bank
ADC Aide-de-camp
AEC Atomic Energy Commission
AES: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome
AfCFTA African Continental Free Trade Area
AFSPA Armed Forces Special Powers Act
AG Accountant General; Adjutant General
AH Anno Hegirae
AHQ Air/Army Headquarters
AI Artificial Intelligence
AICC All India Congress Committee
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
AIFF All India Football Federation
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AIMA All India Manufacturer’s Management Association
AIMO All India Manufacturer’s Organisation
AINEC All India Newspaper Editor’s Conference
AIR All India Radio
AITUC All India Trade Union Congress
AM Ante Meridiem
ANC African National Congress
ANZAC Australia, New Zealand Army Corps
ANZUS Australia New Zealand United Stats of America
AOC-in-C Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief
APC Agricultural Prices Commission
AQI Air Quality Index
ARC Administrative Reforms Commission
ARDC Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation
ARP Air Raid Precautions
ARTRAC Army Training Command
ASAT Anti-satellite
A-SAT Anti-Satellite Weapon
ASC Army Services Corps
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
AVARD Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development
AVSM AtiVisishtSeva Medal
AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System
B.A. Baccalaureus Artium; Bachelor of Arts; British Academy/Airways
B.Pharm Bachelor of Pharmacy
BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BC Before Christ
BCCI Bank of Credit and Commerce International; Board of Cricket Control in India
BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin
BE Bachelor of Engineering
BEL Bharat Electronics Limited
BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg
BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
bhp Break Horse Power
BIFR Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
BIS Bank of International Settlement; Bureau of Indian Standards
BITS Birla Institute of Technology and Science
BJD Biju Janata Dal
BJP Bharatiya Janata Party
BLA Baluchistan Liberation Army
BP Blood Pressure
BPE Bureau of Public Enterprises
BSF Border Security Force
BSP Bahujan Samaj Party
BThU British Security Force
CAASTA CounteringAmerica’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
CADA Command Area Development Agency
CAG Comptroller and Auditor General of India
CAIR Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Cantab Cantabrigian
CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere
CARE Consortium of Academic and Research Ethics
CASA Church’s Auxiliary for Social Action
CBDT Central Board of Direct Taxes
CBI Central Bureau of Investigation; Central Bank of India
CCI Cricket Club of India
CDP Community Development Programme
CDS Compulsory Deposit Scheme
CEI Central Education Institution
CGHS Central Government Health Scheme
CIA Central Intelligence Agency; Criminal Investigation Agency
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIEFL Central Institute for English and Foreign Languages
cif Cost, insurance, and freight
CIL Coal India Limited
C-in-C Commander-in-Chief
CIR Canada India Reactor
CITU Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CIWTC Central Inland Water Transport Corporation
CJI Chief Justice of India
CLRC Central Land Reforms Committee
CM Chief Minister
CMC Christian Medical College
CMO Chief Medical Officer
CO Commanding Officer
Co Company
COD Cash on Delivery
COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act
COMCASA Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement
CORE Congress of Racial Equality
CPC Criminal Procedure Code
CPEC China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
CPI (M) Communist Party of India (Marxist)
CPI Communist Party of India
CRPF Central Reserve Police Force
CSI Church of South India; Computer Society of India
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO Central Statistical Organisation
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CV Curriculum Vitae
CVC Chief Vigilance Commissioner
CWC Central Warehousing Corporation
CWGF Commonwealth Games Federation
cwt Hundredweight
D and C Dilatation and Curettage
D.Litt Doctor of Literature
D.Sc. Doctor of Science
DA Dearness Allowance
DC Deputy Commissioner; Direct Current; District of Columbia
DCM Delhi Cloth Mills
DD Doordarshan; Demand Draft
DDT Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
DGTD Director General of Technical Development
DIG Deputy Inspector General
DJ Disc Jockey
DLO Dead Letter Office
DM District Magistrate
DMK Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DPIIT Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade
DPSA Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft
DRDO Defence Research & Development Organisation
DSO Dam Safety Organisation
DSRV Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles
DTP Desktop Publishing
DVC Damodar Valley Corporation
E and OE Errors and Omissions Excepted
e.g. exempli gratia (for example)
EBITDA Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization.
ECA Economic Cooperation Administration
ECE/A/LA Economic Commission for Europe/Africa/Latin America
ECG Electro Cardiogram
ECM European Common Market
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
EEC European Economic Community
EEG Electro Encephalogram
EMF Electro Motive Force
EMG Electro Myogram
EMS European Monetary System
ENT Ear, Nose, Throat
EoIs Expressions of Interest (for bidding for a stake)
EPLF Etriran People’s Liberation Front
EPNS Electroplated Nickel Silver
EPRLF Eelam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front
EPZ Economic Processing Zone
ERDA Energy, Research and Development Administration
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESI Employees’ State Insurance
ESP Extra Sensory Perception
et seq. et sequens (and the following)
et seqq. et sequentia (and those following)
et. al. et alibi (and others)
etc etcetera
FACT Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd.
FAME Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FATF Financial Action Task Force
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCI Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India
FCRA Foreign Contributions Regulations Act
FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act
FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FIFA FédérationInternationale de Football Association
FLS Fellow of Linnaean Society
FM Field Marshal
fob free on board
FOI Festival of India
for free on rail
FPAI Family Planning Association of India
FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
FRS Fellow of the Royal Society
FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GHQ General Headquarters
GI Government Issues
GM General Manager
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNP Gross National Product
GO Government Order
GOC-in-C General Officer Commanding-in-Chief
GOI Government of India
GRSE Garden Reach Shipbuilding & Engineers Limited
GRT Gross Rates Tonnage
GSN Goods and Service Network
GSP General System of Preferences Scheme
GSP Generalized System of Preferences
GST Goods and Service Tax
H.E. His/Her Excellency
HAI Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
HEC Heavy Engineering Corporation
HEL Heavy Electricals Ltd.
HMAS Her Majesty’s Australian Ship
HMI Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
HMT Hindustan Machine Tools
Hon. Honourable; Honorary
HP Harmonic Progression
hp Horsepower
HPCL Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
HQ Headquarters
HRD Human Resource Department
HSD High Speed Diesel
HSL Hindustan Steel Ltd
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation
HUF Hindu Undivided Family
HWM High Water Mark
IA Indian Airlines
IAAI International Airports Authority of India
IAAS Indian Audit and Accounts Service
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAF Indian Air Force
IAMC Indian Army Medical Corps
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
IAS Indian Administrative Service
IATA International Air Transport Association
IBM International Business Machines
IBRD International Bank of Reconstruction and Development
IBSF International Billiards and Snooker Federation
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICBM Inter-continental Ballistic Missile
ICCR Indian Council of Cultural Relations
ICG Indian Coast Guard
ICICI Industrial Credit Investment Corporation of India Ltd.
ICJ International Court of Justice/International Commission of Justice
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICRA Investment and Credit Rating Agency
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Aid Tropics
ICWA Indian Council of World Affairs
IDA International Development Agency
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India
IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
IEA International Energy Agency
IED Improvised Explosive Devices
IENS Indian and Eastern Newspapers Society
IEPF Investor Education and Protection Fund
IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development
IFC Industrial Finance Corporation; International Finance Corporation
IFRPI International Food Policy Research Institute
IFS Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service
IG Inspector General
IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University
IGY International Geophysical Year
IIM Indian Institute of Management
IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration
IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
ILO International Labour Organization
IMCO Inter-government Maritime Consultations Organizations
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMFL Indian-made Foreign Liquor
IMS Indian Medical Service
IN Indian Navy
INDIPEX Indian International Philatelic Exhibition
INS Indian Naval Ship
INSAT Indian National Satellite
INSDC Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre
INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite
INTERPOL International Police
INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress
IOC Indian Oil Corporation
IOU I Owe You
IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
IPC Indian Penal Code
IPF Indian People’s Front
IPKF Indian Peace-keeping Force
IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force
IPS Indian Police Service; Inter-Press Service
IQ Intelligence Quotient
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
IRC International Red Cross
IRO International Refugee Organisation
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
IRS Indian Revenue Service
IRTS Indian Railway Traffic Service
ISD International Subscriber Dialling
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
ISSP Indian Scientific Satellite Project
IST Indian Standard Time
ITBP Indo-Tibetan Border Police
ITI Indian Telephone Industries; Industrial Training Institute
ITO International Trade Organisation; Income-tax Officer
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress
ITY International Tourist Year
IUCD Intra-uterine Contraceptive Device
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUML Indian Union Muslim League
IWC International Whaling Commission
JAL Japan Airlines
JCO Junior Commissioned Officer
JeM Jaish-e-Mohammed
JP Justice of Peace; Janata Party
KANU Kenya Africa National Union
KG Kindergarten, Knight of the Garter
KGB KomitetGosudarstvennonyBeznaPasnosti
KKK Ku Klux Klan
kmph kilometers per hour
KMT Kuomintang
KYC Know Your Customer
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
LIC Life Insurance Corporation
LL.B. Bachelor of Law
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Lt Lieutenant
LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
M Monsieur
M.Sc. Master of Science
MA Master of Arts
MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MBA Master of Business Administration
MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
MBE Member of the British Empire
MC Military Cross; Master of Ceremonies
MCC Marylebone Cricket Club
MD Doctor of Medicine. Managing Director
MEA Ministry of External Affairs
MFN Most Favoured Nation
MI Military Intelligence
MIRV Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (Warhead of ICBM)
MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act
MKS Metre, Kilogram, Second
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLC Member of Legislative Council
MMTC Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
MNC Multinational Company
MP Member of Parliament
MPV Mine-Protected Vehicles
MRA Moral Rearmament
MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians
MRCS Member of the Royal College of Surgeons
MRTPC Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
MSS Manuscripts
MVC Maha Vir Chakra
NAA National Anti-Profiteering Authority
NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
NADA National Anti-Doping Agency
NAEP National Adult Education Programme
NAFED National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation
NAM Non Alignment Movement
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAYE National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs
nb nota bene (note well; take notice)
NBFC Non-Banking Financial Companies
NCAER National Council for Applied Economic Research
NCC National Cadet Corps
NCDC National Coal Development Corporation
NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training
NCLAT National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
NCLT National Company Law Tribunal
NCO Non-commissioned Officer
NCOAR National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
NCST National Committee on Science and Technology
NCW National Commission for Women
NDA National Defence Academy
NDA National Democratic Alliance
NDAA National Defense Authorisation Act
NDC National Development Council
NDDB National Dairy Development Board
NDF National Defence Fund
NEFA North-east Frontier Agency
NEP National Education Policy
NER North Eastern Railway
NFFU Non-Functional Financial Upgradation
NFHS National Family and Health Survey
NFIR National Federation of Indian Railwaymen
NFR North-east Frontier Railway
NGT National Green Tribunal
NHRC National Human Rights Commission
NIA National Investigation Agency
NIESBUD National Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
NIIF National Investment and Infrastructure Fund
NLM National Literacy Mission
NLSIU National Law School of Indian University
NLTA National Lawn Tennis Association
NMDC National Mineral Development Corporation
NOC No Objection Certificate
NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
non seq non sequitur (it does not follow)
NOTA None of The Above
NP Notary Public
NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
NRC National Register of Citizens
NRI Non-Resident Indian
NSC National Service Corps, National Savings Certificate
NSCN National Socialist Council of Nagaland
NSO National Sports Organisation
NSUI National Students Union of India
NVF National Volunteer Force
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity
OC Officer Commanding
OCS Overseas Communication Service
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OED Oxford English Dictionary
OEEC Organization for European Economic Cooperation
OGL Open General Licence
OIGS On India Government Service
OIL Oil India Ltd.
OMO Open market Operations
ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission
ONOC Once Nation Once Card
op. cit. opera citato (in the work cited)
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OTA Officers’ Training Academy
OXFAM Oxford Committee for Famine Relief
PA Personal Assistant, Press Association
PAC Provincial Armed Constabulary
pc per centum
PDA Preventive Detention Act
PEACE Protection of Environment for Achieving Clear Earth
PEN (International Club of) Playwrights, poets, essayists, editors and novelists
Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy
PIB Press Information Bureau
PIN Postal Index Number
PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation
PM Prime Minister; post meridiem
PMG Post Master General
PMLA Prevention of Money Laundering Act
PoS Point of Sale
POSCO Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act
POW Prisoner of War
PS Postscript
PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PTI Press Trust of India
PUBG Player Unknown's Battlegrounds
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride, ParamVir Chakra
PVSM ParamVishistSeva Medal
PWD Public Works Department
QED Quod Erat Demonstration
R&D Research and Development
RADAR Radio detecting and ranging
RAW Research and Analysis Wing
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RCC Reinforced Concrete Cement
RGNUL Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law
RIIHL Reliance Industrial Investments and Holdings Limited
RIP Rest in Peace
RITES Rail India Technical and Economic Services
RLO Returned Letters Office
RMS Railway Mail Service
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
ROC Registrar of Companies
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RRC Reactor Research Centre
RSS Rashtriya SwayamsevakSangh
RSVP Respondezs’ilvous Plait (respond if you please)
RWSSP Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
SAIL Steel Authority of India Ltd.
SAM Surface to Air Missile
SAS Small Astronomy Satellite; Scandinavian Airline System
SC Supreme Court; Security Council
SCAORA Supreme Court Advocate-On-Record Association
SCI Shipping Corporation of India
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDR Special Drawing Rights
SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization
SEBC Socially and Economically Backward Class
SFIO Serious Fraud Investigation Office
SIMI Student Islamic Movement of India
SITE Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
SJP Samajwadi Janta Party
SKA Square Kilometer Array
SLEP Sri Lanka Freedom Party
SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle
SP Samajwadi Party
SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
SPG Special Protection Group
SSB Services’ Selection Board
STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
STC State Trading Corporation
STD Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
SUNFED Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development
SUPW Socially Useful and Productive Work
SVP Saturated Vapour Pressure
TA Territorial Army; Travel Allowance
TAAI Travel Agents Association of India
TB Tuberculosis
TCC Troops Contributing Countries
TDA Trade Development Authority
TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
TERI Tata Energy Research Institute
TERLS Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
TIER Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company
TMC All India Trinamool Congress
TMO Telegraphic Money Order
TNT Trinitrotoluene
TRACT Transportable Remote Area Communications Terminal
TTE Traveling Ticket Examiner
TULF Tamil United Liberation Front
TWA Trans World Airlines
UAE United Arab Emirates
UAPA Unlawful Activities Prevention Act
UGC University Grants Commission
UGC University Grant Commission
UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of India
UNAEC United Nations Atomic Energy Commission
UNCED UN Conference on Environment and Development
UNCIP United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan
UNCSTD UN Conference on Science and Technology for Development
UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNEF UN Emergency Force
UNEP UN Environment Programme
UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Council
UNI United News of India
UNICEF UN International Children’s Emergency Fund
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO UN Industrial Development Organisation
UNIKOM UN Iraq Kuwait Observer Mission
UNIPOM UN India-Pakistan Observation Mission
UNRRA UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
UNSC United Nations Security Council
UPA United Progressive Alliance
UPSC Union Public Service Commission
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USCIRF United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
VAT Value Added Tax
VC Vice Chancellor; Vir Chakra
VHAI Voluntary Health Association of India
VHP Viswa Hindu Parishad
VIP Very Important Person
VPP Value Payable Post
VTVL Vertical Take-off and Vertical Landing
VVF Village Volunteer Force
WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions
WHO World Health Organisation
WMD Weapon(s) of Mass Destruction
WMO World Meteorological Organisation
WTO World Trade Organization
WWF World Wildlife Fund, now called Worldwide Fund for Nature

DAYS TO REMEMBER
January 10 Road Safety Week
January 12 National Youth Day
January 15 Indian Army Day
January 25 India Tourism Day
January 26 Indian Republic day
January 27 World Leprosy Day
January 30 National Cleanliness Day
February 01 International Development Week
February 02 Cancer Survivors Day
February 4 Sri Lankan Independence Day
February 11 World Day of the Sick
February 20 Arunachal Pradesh Statehood Day
February 21 International Mother Language Day
February 28 National Science Day
March 04 National Safety Week / International Women's Week
March 5 International Women’s Day
March 07 World Sustainable Energy Day
March 08 International Women's Day / U.N. Day for Women's Right & International Peace
March 15 World Disabled Day / World Consumer Rights Day
March 21 World Forestry Day / International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22 World Water Day
March 24 World TB Day
April 01 Prevention of Blindness Week
April 02 International Children's Book Day
April 07 World Health Day / Handloom Week / World Health Day
April 8 Anniversary of Army Ordnance Crops
April 12 World Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics
April 13 Anniversary of JallainwalaBagh incident
April 14 B.R.Ambedkar’s birth anniversary
April 15 Himachal Day
April 20 Birth anniversary of Dr. S.F.SamuelHanemann, founder of homoeopathy
April 22 World Earth Day
April 26 Birth Anniversary of Shivaji
April 30 Anti-Child Labour Day
May 1 Labour Day, Maharashtra Day / International Labour Day / May Day
May 03 World Press Freedom Day
May 05 National Labour Day
May 07 World Asthma Day
May 08 World Red Cross Day
May 11 Mother's Day
May I5 International Family Day
May 16 World Telecom Day
May 21 World Day for Cultural Development
May 31 World No Tobacco Day
June 04 International Day Of Innocent
June 05 World Environment Day
June 08 World Oceans Day / Fathers Day
June 18 Goa Liberation Day
June 20 World Refugee Day
June 26 United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture / Anti Drug Day
June 27 World Diabetes Day
July 11 World Population Day
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 9 Quit India Day
August 12 International Youth Day
August 15 Indian Independence Day
August 20 SadbhavanaDiwas, birth anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi
August 26 Women's Equality Day
September 01 National Nutrition Week
September 05 Teacher's Day
September 08 International Literacy Day
September 16 Ozone Day
September 17 International Day For Peace
September 23 World Deaf Day
September 24 Girl Child Day
September 27 World Tourism Day
September 28 World Heart Day
October 01 World Elders Day / Wildlife Week
October 2 Birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi
October 6 World Animal Day
October 7 World Habitat Day / Indian Air Force Day
October 9 World Post Day
October 16 World Food Day
October 17 Anti-Poverty Day
October 24 United Nations Day
October 30 World Thrift Day
October 31 Death anniversary of Indira Gandhi; birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
November 08 World Quality Day
November 09 Legal Services Day
November 13 World Kindness Day
November 14 Children's Day
November 16 International Day for Tolerance and Peace
November 19 Birth anniversary of Indira Gandhi
November 20 Child Rights Day
November 23 World Mother-in-Law's Day
November 25 International Day on Violence against Women
December 01 World AIDS Day
December 02 World Pollution Prevention Day
December 04 Navy Day
December 10 World Human Rights Day

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Classical Writers And Their Works
Aeschylus (526-456 BC), Athenian dramatist, Prometheus Unbound
Aesop (c. 620-560 BC), Greek, Aesop’s Fables
Amaruka (AD 7), Sanskrit, AmarukaSataka
Anacreon (c. 6 BC), Greek lyric port
Aquinas, St. Thomas (c. 1225-1274), Italian, Summa Theologica
Aristophanes (c. 444-385 BC), Athenian, Lysistrata, Birds.
Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek, Rhetorics, Poetics.
Asvagosha (AD 1), Sanskrit, Buddhacharita.
Bana (AD 7), Sanskrit, Harshacharita, Kadambari.
Bhadrabahu (4 BC), Sanskrit, Kalpasutra.
Bharavi (AD 6), Sanskrit, Kiratharjuneeya.
Bhartruhari (AD 7), Sanskrit, NitishatakaShrinyaranShataka.
Bhasa (AD 5), Sanskrit, SwapanaVasavadatta, Charudatta.
Bhavabhuti (AD 8), Sanskrit, Malathimadhava, Mahavircharita.
Bilhana (AD 12), Sanskrit, Vikaramankadevacharita.
Dandin (AD 7), Sanskrit, DasakumaraCharita.
Epicurus (342-270 BC), Greek, Letters to Herodotus.
Euripedes (480-406 BC), Greek, Alcestis, Bacchae.
Gunadhya (AD 1), Sanskrit, Brahat Katha.
Hala (AD 1) Sanskrit, Saptasati.
Herodotus (485-425 BC), Greek, History of the Persian Invasion of Greece.
Homer (c. 700 BC), Greek, Iliad, Odyssey.
Horace (65-8 BC), Latin, Satires, Odes.
Jayadeva (AD 12), Sanskrit, Gita Govinda.
Jimutavahana (AD 12), Sanskrit, Dayabhaga.
Juvenal (AD 60-140), Latin, Saties.
Kalhana (AD 12), Sanskrit, Rajatarangini.
Kalidasa (AS 5), Sanskrit, AbhijnanaSakuntalam, Raghu Vamsa, Meghadoot.
Kautilya (Chanakya, 4 BC), Sanskrit, Arthasastra.
Kumaradasa (AD 6), Sanskrit, Janakiharana.
Magha (AD 7), Sanskrit, Sisupala Vadham.
MahendraVikraman, Sanskrit, Matta Vilas, many (2000 BC), Sanskrit, Manusmriti.
Narayana (AD 12), Sanskrit, Hitopadesa.
Naya Chandra Suri (AD 14), Sanskrit, HammiraMahakavya.
Ovid (43 BC – AD 16), Latin, Tristia, Amores.
Panini (4 BC), Sanskrit, Ashtadhyayi.
Patanjali (2 BC), Sanskrit, Mahabhashyam.
Plato (427-347 BC) Greek, The Republic Phaedro.
Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79). Latin, Natural History.
Plutarch (c. AD 46-120), Latin, Lives.
Rajasekhara (AD 10), Sanskrit, KarpooraManjari.
Sandhyakara (AD 12), Sanskrit, Rama Charita.
Sappho (6 BC), Greek, Unrequited Love.
Somadeva (AD 11), Sanskrit, Katha SaritSagara.
Sophocles (495-406 BC), Greek, Antigone, Oedipus Rex.
Subandhu (AD 7), Sanskrit, Vasavadatta.
Sudraka (AD 5), Sanskrit, Mrichchakatrika.
Tacitus (c. AD 55-120), Latin, Germania, Annals.
Thucydides (c. 460-399 BC), Greek, Peloponnesian War.
Vakpati (AD 8), Sanskrit, Ganda Vadha.
Valmiki (6 BC), Sanskrit, Ramayana.
Vatsyayan (AD 5), Sanskrit, Kamasutra.
Vidyapati (1350-1460), Maithili, Kirtilatha.
Vijneswara (AD 11), Sanskrit, Mitakshara.
Virgil (70-19 BC), Lati, Aeneid.
Visakhadatta (AD 6), Sanskrit, Mudra Rakshasa.
Vishnu Sharma (AD 300), Sanskrit, Pancha Tantra.
Vyasa (6 BC), Sanskrit, Mahabharata.
Xenophon (444-359 BC), Greek, Anabasis.
Famous Works of Literature
Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations
Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf
Alan Paton Cry, The Beloved Country
Aldous Huxley Point Counter Point, Brave New World
Alexander Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo
Alexander Solzhenitsyn Gulag Archipelago, Cancer Ward
Alice Walker The Color Purple
Allen Drury Advice and Consent, A Shade of Difference
Amrita Pritam The Revenue Stamp
Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange
Anthony Hope The prisoner of Zenda
Anton Chekov The Cherry Orchard
Arthur Conan Doyle The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Bertrand Russell Marriage and Morals
Bernard Malamud The Fixer
Boris Pasternak Dr. Zhivago
Charles Darwin Origin of the Species
Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, Pickwick Papers, Great Expectations, David Copperfield,
Oliver Twisst, Dombey and Son
Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre
Christopher Isherwood All the Conspirators, Mr. Norris Changes Trains, Goodbye to Berlin
C.P.Show Red Star Over China, The Masters
Czelaw Milosz The Captive Mind
Dante Alighieri The Divine Comedy
David Selbourne An Eye to China, The Masters
Dilip Hiro Inside India Today
D.H.Lawrence Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love
Dom Moraes My Son’s Father
Doris Lessing The Good Terrorist
Edward Fitzgerald The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Edward Gibbon The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Emile Zola Germinal
Emily Bronte Withering Heights
E.M.Forster A Passage to India
Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms, The Snows of Kilimanjaro
Eugene O’Neill Long Day’s Journey into Night
Frank Moraes Witness To an Era
Franz Kafka The Trial
F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby
Fyodor Dostoyevsky The Brothers Karamazov, Crime and Punishment, The Idiot
Gabriel Garcia Marquez One Hundred Years of Solitude, No one Writes to the Colonel Anymore
Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales
George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion, Man and Superman, Major Barbara
George Eliot Silas Marner, The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch
George Meredith The Egoist
George Orwell Animal Farm, Nineteen Eighty-Four
Giovanni Boccaccio The Decameron
Graham Greene The Power and the Glory, The Third Man
Gunnar Myrdal Asian Drama
Harivansh Rai Bachchan Madhushala
Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House
Henry Fielding Tom Jones
Henry James The Portrait of a Lady
Hermann Melville Moby Dick
Hermann Hesse Siddhartha
H.G.Wells The Invisible Man, The Time Machine
Immanuel Kant A Critique of Pure Reason
Indira Gandhi My Truth
Iris Murdock The Bell
James Joyee Ulysses, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Emma
Jayaprakash Narayan Prison Diary
Jawaharlal Nehru Glimpses of World History, An Autobiography, the Discovery of India.
Hean-Paul Sartre Age of Reason
Jim Corbett The Maneaters of Kumaon
J.J.Rousseau Social Contract
J.M.Barrie Peter Pan
John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress
John Galsworthy The Forsyth Saga
John Milton Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained
John Ruskin The Seven Lamps of Architecture
John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men
Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels
Joseph Conrad Lord Jim
Joy Adamson Born Free, Living Free
Jules Verne Around the World in Eighty Days, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
J.W.Von Goethe Faust
Kamala Markandaya A Handful of Rice, Mectar in a Sieve
Kamla Das My Story
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Katherine Mayo Mother India
Kingsley Amis Lucky Jim
K.ShivaramaKaranth ChomanaDudi
Lawrence Durell Justine, Balthazar, Mountolive, Clea
Leo Tolstoy Anna Karenina, War and Peace
Lewis Carrol Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking glass
M.C.Chagla Roses in December
M.Hidayatullah My Own Boswell
Manohar Malgaonkar The Man Who Killed Gandhi
Margaret Mitchell Gone With the Wind
Maxim Gorky Mother
MiknailSholokov And Quiet Flows the Don
Milan Kundera The Joke, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting
MinooMasani Bliss Was It In that Dawn
Moliere The Miser
Muriel Spark The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
Nelson Mandela The Struggle in My Life
Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince
Octavio Paz Sun Stone
Oliver Goldsmith She Stoops to Conquer
Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest
Pandit Ravishankar My Music, My Life
Paul Scott The Jewel in the Crown
P.G.Wodehouse The Code of the Woosters, Ring for Jeeves
PilooMody Zulfi, My Friend
Qurratul-an Haider AagkaDariya
Raja Rao Kantapura, The Serpent and the Rope
Romain Rolland Mahatma Gandhi
Rudyard Kipling Jungle Book, Kim
Ruth prewar Jhabwala Heat and Dust, The Householder, Travelers
Salman Rushdie Midnight’s Children, Satanic Verses
Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot
Samuel Butler The Way of All Flesh
Satyajit Ray Our Films, Their Films, The Adventures of Feluda
Saul Bellow Herzog, The Rain King
S.H.VatsyayanAgyeya ShekharEkJivani, Kitni Navon Mein KitniBaar
Simone de Bouvier The Second Sex
Sir Walter Scott Ivanhoe, Rob Roy
Sri Aurobindo Life Divine
Somerset Maugham The Moon and Sizpence, The Razor’s Edge, Of Human Bondage
Sunil Gavaskar Human Bondage
Sylvia Plath Sunny Days, Idols
Tenessee Williams The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire
Theodore Freiser An American Dream
Thiruvalluvar Thirukkural
Thomas Hardy Far From the Madding Crowd, Tess of the Dubervilles, Jude the Obscure
Thomas More Utopia
Thomas Paine The Right of Man
T.S.Eliot The Wasteland, Murder in the Cathedral
Umberto Eco Name of the Rose
Victor Hugo The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Les Miserables
Vijay Tendulkar GhasiramKotwal, Sakharam Binder
Vikram Seth The Golden Gate
Virginia Wolf Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse
Vladimir Nabokov Lolita
V.S.Naipaul An Area of Darkness, India: A Wounded Civilization
Voltaire Candide
Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass
William Faulkner The Sanctuary, The Sound and The Fury
William Golding Lord of the Flies
William Shakespeare Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The
Tempest Julius Caesar, All’s Well that Ends Well, Antony and Cleopatra
William Thackeray Vanity Fair
Wole Soyinka The Interpreters
YasunariKawabatta The Snow Country
Z.A.Bhutto If I am Assassinated

Famous Indian Writers

Abdul Kalam, APJ: The missile man of India who eventually became President of India. His important works
are: ‘India 2020 – A Vision for the New Millenium’, ‘Ignited Minds’.
AbulFazal(1551-602) : He was a Persian scholar and writer patronized by Akbar as a court chronicler. He wrote
‘Akbar Nama’ and ‘Ain-i-Akbari’.
Amrita Pritam: poetess and novelist remembered for her controversial writings during pre-patrician ear. Her
works include: ‘Pinjar’; ‘Rasidi Ticket’; ‘Kagajte Canvas’ etc.
Anand, Mulk Raj: Indian writer in England. His works include ‘The Coolie’, ‘The Village’, ‘The Lord’, ‘The
Untouchable’, ‘Confessions of a Lover’, ‘Two Leaves and a Bud’.
Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra (1831-1894) : Bengali writer and nationalist. He wrote ‘Anandmath’,
‘KapalKundla’, ‘DurgeshNandini’, ‘Chandra Shekhar’, ‘VishVrihsha’.
Chaudhuri, Nirad C.: Indian historian. His works include: ‘Autobiography of an Unknown Indian,’ ‘A Passage
to England’, ‘Scholar Extraordinary’, ‘Hinduism’, ‘Continent of Circe’.
Chetan Bhagat: Biggest selling English langiage novelist in contemporary India―author, screenwriter,
columnist and TV Personality. His work includes: ‘Five-Point Someone’; ‘2 States’; ‘One India Girl’, and ‘Half
Girlfriend’ etc.
FiraqGorakhpuri: An Urdu poet who won the Jnanpith Award in 1969. ‘Gul-e-Naghma’ in his famous work.
Gargi, Balwant: A famous Punjabi writer who wrote ‘LohaKut, ‘Satipathor Rang Manch’, ‘The Naked
Triangle’ (his autobiographical work).
Ghalib, Mirza(1796-1868) : A famous Urdu poet writer of a classic of Urdu poetry ‘Diwan-e-Ghalib’.
Jawaharlal Nehru: His famous writings are ‘The Discovery of India’, ‘Glimpses of World History’, ‘Letters
from the Prison’.
JumphaLahiri: India descent US Author, her works include: ‘Interpreter of Maladies’; ‘The Namesake’; ‘The
Lowland’; ‘Unaccoustomed Earth’; ‘The Clothing of Books’; Hell-Heaven’ etc.
Khushwant Singh: A contemporary journalist. His famous works include: ‘History of the Sikhs’, ‘The Sikhs
Today’, ‘Train to Pakistan’.
Mahatma Gandhi: His famous works are : ‘My Experiments with Truth’, ‘The Way to Communal Harmoney’,
‘The Conquest of Self’, ‘Non-violence in Peace and War’, ‘Self Restraint versus Self Indulgence’.
Maithilisharam Gupta: A well known Hindi poet. He wrote ‘YashodharaVirangana’, ‘Bharat Bharathi’,
‘Saket’.
Majumdar, R.C.:A historian famous for his works ‘History of the freedom Movement’ and ‘History and Culture
of the Indian People’.
Moraes, Frank (1904-1974) : The Editor of the Indian Express who wrote ‘Witness to An Era’, ‘India Today’,
‘Revolt in Tibet’, ‘Nehru : Sunlight and Shadow’, ‘Yonder One World’.
Naidu, Sarojini : English poetess. Her works include: ‘Bird of Time’, ‘Songs of India’, ‘Sceptured Flute’,
‘Golden Threshold’.
Naipaul, VS:his significant works are – ‘A Loss of El Dorado’, ‘Miguel Street’, ‘An Area of Darkness’.
Nanak Singh: A well known Punjabi novelist. He wrote ‘Kati Patang’, ‘Kagtan De Berri’, ‘PavittarPapi’.
Narayan R.K. : An English writer who was awarded the SahityaAkademi Award for his famous work ‘The
Guide’ in 1960. His other works are ‘Vendor of Sweets’, ‘The Darkroom and My Days’ (autobiography), ‘My
Sampat’, ‘Maneater of Malgudi’.
Prem Chand: A well known Hindi novelist. His works are : ‘Rang Bhoomi’, ‘Godan’, ‘Kayakalpa’, ‘Kafan’ (a
short story).
Radhakrishnan, Dr. S.: A famous philosopher and the former President of India. He wrote ‘Religion and
Society’, ‘The Hindu View of Life’, ‘Indian Philosophy’.
Rajagopalcahari, C: A veteran politician who translated ‘Gita’, ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ and also wrote
‘The Nation’s Voice’, ‘The Fatal Cart’, ‘Reconciliation Why and How’.
Roy Arundhati: her award winning work – ‘The God of Small Things’
Rushdie, Salman:Famous for his controversial work ‘Satanic Verses’. Other significant works includes –
‘Midnight Children’, ‘Fury’, ‘Shame’, ‘The Ground Beneath Her Feet’.
Ruskin Bond: Indian author of British descent. The Indian Council for Child Education has recognized his role
in growth of children’s literature in India. His important works include: ‘The Blue Umbrella’; ‘The Room on the
Roof’; ‘Cherry Tree’; ‘A Flight of Pigeons’; The best of Ruskin Bond’; ‘Delhi is not Far’; ‘Road to Mussoorie’;
‘Colelcted Short Stories of Ruskin Bond’; etc.
SC Chattopadhyay: a Bengali novelist and short story writer. His work includes: ‘BindurChhele O Anyanya’;
‘Parinita’; ‘Baikunther Will’; ‘Pallisamaj’; ‘Devdas’; ‘Charitrahin’; ‘Nishkrti’; ‘Shrikanta’; ‘Datta’;
‘Grihadaha’; ‘Dena-Paona’; ‘PatherDabi’; ‘ShesPrashna’ etc.
Sen, Amartya: A Nobel winner, his works are – Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation, Development as Freedom, Choice of Techniques
Shashi Throor:Indian politician, writer. His famour works are: ‘Why I Am A Hindu’; Ar Era of Darkness: The
British Empire in India’; ‘The Great India Novel’; ‘Inglorious Empire’; ‘The Paradoxical Prime Minister’; ‘Pax
Indica’; India: From Midnight to the Millennium and Beyond’; Nehru: The Invention of India’; ‘Bookless in
Baghdad’; The Elephant, the Tiger, and the Cell Phone’ etc.
Shourie, Arun:his famous works are: Worshiping False Gods, Eminent Historians-Their Technology.
Subramanian Swamy:an Indian politician, economist and statistician. His famous works are: ‘Hindus Under
Siege: The Way Out’; ‘Rama Setu: Symbol of National Unity’; ‘Hindutava and National Renaissance’;
‘Terrorism in India: A Strategy of Deterrence for India’s National Security’ etc.
Tagore, Rabindranath(1860-1941) : The Nobel Laureate poet, dramatist and short story writer. His famous
works are : ‘Gitanjali’, ‘Post Office’, ‘Gora’, ‘Chitra’, ‘Bisarjan’, ‘Gardener’, ‘Hungry Stones’.
Vikram Seth: An Indian novelist and poet. His work includes: ‘The Golden Gate’; ‘A Suitable Boy’; Two
Lives’; Beastly Tales’ etc.

OFFICIAL BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

 Blue Book―Any official report of the British Government Green Book―Official publication of Italy and
Iran Grey Book―Official reports of the Japanese and Belgian Governments Orange Book―Official
publication of The Netherlands White Book―Official publication of Germany, China and
PortugalYellow Book―Official book of the French White Paper―Short pamphlet giving authoritative
recital of facts issued by the Indian government stating its views on a particular issue for the knowledge of
general public

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