CONTENT

Introduction 5
1 A constructive layout schema 6
2 Calculation of a hollow-core slab 7
2.1 Design span and loads 7
2.2 Efforts from design and standard loads 8
2.3 Determining the dimensions of the slab section 8
2.4 Calculation of longitudinal working reinforcement 9
2.5 Design of transverse reinforcement 11
3 Calculation of the transverse frame 14
3.1 Determination of forces in the transverse frame waler 14
3.2 Calculation of the strength of the girder for normal sections 18
4 Column calculation 24
4.1 Determination of longitudinal forces from design loads 24
4.2 Selection of section and calculation of the sectional area of reinforcement 25
5 Foundation calculation 27
5.1 Determination of geometric dimensions and selection of reinforcement 27
6 Vertical stiffness diaphragm 30
6.1 Guidelines for the calculation of vertical stiffness ties 32
6.2 Collecting loads 32
6.3 Calculation of a vertical diaphragm with a height of 20 m 33
6.4 Calculation of the diaphragm section within the 35 floor height 35
Conclusion 38
List of used literature 39
 INTRODUCTION

In modern construction, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures meet the

requirements of the industrialization of construction to the greatest extent, the
construction of which on the construction site is carried out from pre-prepared
elements. Their production is carried out on the basis of a developed network of
highly mechanized and automated enterprises of precast concrete, specialized in the
production of a certain range of products and structures. At the same time, monolithic
reinforced concrete is widely used in construction.
The layout of the structural scheme includes the choice of the grid and the
column pitch, the direction of the main beams, the pitch of the secondary beams. The
layout is carried out taking into account the purpose of the structure, architectural and
planning solutions, technical and economic indicators, etc. The direction of the main
beams can be transverse or longitudinal (along the building). The device of the main
beams helps to improve the illumination of the ceiling.
The most widespread in one-story industrial buildings is the frame frame-link
scheme. Frame structures are divided into two systems - transverse, usually called a
frame, and longitudinal. The transverse frame includes roof girders (roof trusses) and
columns interconnected in a single system, and longitudinal vertical ties along the
columns and crane beams, ensuring the stability of the frame in the longitudinal
direction, belong to longitudinal structures. Industrial buildings are characterized by a
rigid (recommended for use in a course project) or a hinged transverse frame - the
crossbars are connected to the columns rigidly or pivotally, and the columns are
rigidly connected to the foundations.
The main parameters of the building - span, height, length - are assigned in
accordance with operational and architectural requirements. Operational
requirements, reflecting primarily the technological process, are formulated in the
terms of reference.
When assembling the frame of an industrial building, taking into account
modularity, the dimensions of the temperature blocks are assigned, the issues of the
location of the columns of the building in the plan are solved, the scheme of the
transverse frame is selected, the general dimensions of the main structural elements
of the frame are assigned, a system of connections for the covering and columns of
the building is developed.
The design is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents
(SP, SN, GOST), which constitute the technical and legal basis for design work and
ensure the necessary reliability and efficiency of construction projects.
The course project is developed in modern software complexes as:
- Autodesk Revit 2018, Autodesk AutoCAD 2016 - building 3D, 2D building
models;

5
 1 A constructive layout schema

The arrangement of the transverse frame begins with the establishment of the
basic (overall) dimensions of the structural elements in the plane of the frame. The
vertical dimensions are snapped to the floor level, taking it to be zero. The horizontal
dimensions are tied to the longitudinal axes of the building. All dimensions are taken
in accordance with the basic provisions for unification. The layout is made in
accordance with [1].
The crossbars of the transverse frames are rigidly connected to the extreme and
middle columns. Floor slabs, prestressed in two versions, are accepted as hollow-core
slabs. Hollow-core slabs are assumed to be equal with a nominal width of 2000 mm.
Structural layout includes selection of grid and column spacing, direction of
main beams, etc. The layout is carried out taking into account the purpose of the
structure, architectural and planning solutions, technical and economic indicators, etc.
The span of the main beams is 68m, the height of the section is hгл.б = (1/8
1/15)lгл.б, the width of the section is bгл.б = (0,40,5) hгл.б. The secondary beams are
placed so that the axis of one of the beams coincides with the axis of the column. The
span of the secondary beam is 57m, the section height hвт.б = (1/12 1/20)lвт.б, the
section width bгл.б = (0,30,5) hвт.б. The height of the section of the beams is assigned
a multiple of 50 mm if it is not more than 600 mm and a multiple of 100 m at a
greater height.
The layout of the structural diagram is shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 - Layout constructive scheme

6
 2 Calculation of a hollow-core slab

2.1 Design span and loads

Estimated span. To establish the design span, the slabs are preset by the
dimensions of the crossbar according to the formula 2.1 [1]:

1 (
hр=( 12 )  l1,
2.1)

where l 1 – column spacing, cm.

1
hр =( 12 )  700=58.3 сm
According to the unification requirement, we take the crossbar height of 60 cm.
Preliminary beam width according to formula 2.2 [1]:

b=(0.3-0.4)  hр, (
2.2)

where h р – cross-sectional height of the girder, cm

b =60  0.4=24 сm
According to the unification requirement, we take a crossbar width of 25 cm.
When resting on the crossbar on top, the calculated span is determined by the
formula 2.3 [1]:
Table 2.1 - Standard and design loads per 1m2 of floor

Standard load, Load safety factor Design load, N/m2

Load N/m2
Constant: 3000 1.1 3300
dead weight of a hollow-core
slab with round voids;
the same layer of cement 440 1.3 570
mortar, δ = 20mm (ρ = 2200 kg / m3);
the same ceramic tiles, δ =
13mm (ρ = 1800 kg / m3); 240 1.1 264
Total 3680 4134
Temporary 5000 1.2 6000
Including:
long 3500 1.2 4200
short-term 1500 1.2 1800
Full load 8680 - 10134
Including
constant and long-term 7180 - -
short-term 1500 - -

b (
l 0=l 2− ,
2 2.3)
where l 2 – span of the building, cm;
7
 b – cross-sectional width of the crossbar, cm
0.25
l 0=¿ 6.2 - =¿6.075 м
2
Collection of loads. Calculation of loads per 1 m2 of flooring is given in
accordance with table 2.1.
Design load per 1 m with a slab width of 2.0 m, taking into account the safety
factor for the purpose of the building γ n = 0.95:
constant g=4.134  2.0  0.95=7.85 кN /м;
complete g+υ =10.134  2.0  0.95=19.25 кN /м; υ=6.0  2.0  0.95=11.4кN /м.
Standard load per 1 m:
constant g=3.68  2.0  0.95=7.0 кN /м;
complete g+υ=8.68  2.0  0.95=16.5 кN /м;
including permanent and long-term 7.18  2.2  0.95=13.6 кN /м

2.2 Efforts from design and standard loads

The bending moment of the design load is determined by the formula 2.4 [1]:

М=(g+υ)  l02/8, (
2.4)
where g- constant load
υ - live load
М=19.25  6.0752/8=89 кNm
The shear force is determined by formula 2.5 [1]:

Q=(g+υ)  l0/2, (2.5)

where g- constant load

υ - live load
l0- calculated span
Q=19.25  6.075/2=58.5 кN ,
From standard full load:
М=16.5  6.0752/8=76 кNm,
Q=16.5  6.075/2=50 кN .
From standard constant and long-term loads:
М=13,6  6.0752/8=63 кN /м

2.3 Determining the dimensions of the slab section

The height of the section of a hollow-core (10 round voids with a diameter of
15 cm) slab according to the formula 2.6 [1]:
h= l0/30 (
2.6)

8
 where l0 - calculated span
h=607.5/30≈21сm
The working height of the section is determined by the formula 2.7 [1]:

h0=h-с1 (
2.7)

where h – section height

с1 - protective layer
h0=21-3=18 сm
Dimensions: thickness of the upper and lower shelves (21-15)  0.5=3 сm.
Width of ribs: medium-4 cm, extreme ribs - 5 cm.In calculations for the limiting
states of the first group, the calculated thickness of the compressed T-section flange
hf’= 3 сm; attitude hf’/h=3/21=0.14>0.1, in this case, the entire width of the shelf is
taken into account bf’=196 сm; design rib width b=196-10  15=46 сm.
Strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement. Prestressed
reinforcement: σsp=0.75 785=590 МPа. The condition is checked. With the
electrothermal tensioning method p=30+360/l=30+360/6.2=88 МPа; σsp+
p=590+88=678<Rsn=785 МPа - the condition is met. The plan and side views are
shown in accordance with Figure 2.1.

2.4 Calculation of longitudinal working reinforcement

Characteristic resistance of concrete class C25 / 30 to axial compression f ck =

25 МPа. Partial safety factor for concrete γ с = 1.5.
The design resistance of concrete to axial compression is determined by the
formula 2.8 [3]:

f ck (2.8)
f cd =acc
γс

25
f cd =0.85 =14.2 МPа
1.5
Characteristic tensile strength of working reinforcement class S500
f yk=500 М P а. The design tensile strength of the working reinforcement is determined
by the formula 2.9 [3]:

f yk (2.9)
f yd =
γs

500
f yd = =435 МPа
1.15

9
 Figure 2.1 - Plan and side view of the floor slab

A variable uniformly distributed load is applied to the slab q k = 11.4 кN/m and
constant gk =7.85 кN /м.
The design section of the slab is shown in accordance with Figure 2.2.
MEd, max=89 кNm.
Effective cross-section width beff = 2.0 м.
Working section height according to the formula 2.10 [3]:

d = h - c1 (2.10)

d = 250 – 30 = 220 mm
We determine the value of the coefficient is determined by the formula 2.11
[3]:

M Ed (2.11)
α Ed = 2
≤ α Eds ,lim ¿ ¿
f cd beff d

where d - working section height

102106
α Ed = =0.15≤ 0.372
14 1000220 2

10
 According to the table. A.1. Appendix A [3] for normal concrete ≤ C50/60; α Ed
x
= 0.1 и σ sd =f yd = 435 МPа → ω = 0.155, ξ= d =0.155. N Ed=0

Figure 2.2 - Design section of the slab

The relative height of the compressed zone is determined by the formula 2.12
[3]:

x = ξ ∙d < hf (2.12)

x = 0.155 ∙175 = 27 mm < 30 mm

Since the neutral axis is located within the shelf. In this regard, further
calculation is carried out as a rectangular section with dimensions b =beff=2000 mm, d
=175 mm.
Required area of tensile reinforcement according to formula 2.13 [3]:

d
A s1 =ω b eff
f yd (2.13)
f cd

175
A s1 =0.1069 2000 =1221 mm2=12.21 сm2
435
14,2
The area of the working reinforcement is taken according to the range of bar
reinforcement: 9∅ 14S500 ( A s1 = 13.85с m2).

2.5 Calculation of transverse reinforcement

Characteristic tensile strength of transverse reinforcement class S240

f yω=240 М P а. Design tensile strength of transverse reinforcement according to the
formula 2.14 [3]:

11
 f yωk (2.14)
f yωd =
γs

240
f yωd = =209 МPа
1.15
The length of the section on which the transverse reinforcement must be
installed according to the calculation is determined from the diagram of the shear
forces.
To do this, we determine the lateral force that concrete can perceive according
to the formula 2.15 [3]:
1
(2.15)
V Rd ,c =
0.18
[
γc
¿k ( 100 ρl f ck ) 3 bω d
]
200 (2.16)
where k =1+
√ d
≤2

200
k =1+
√ 175
=3

As1 (
ρl = ≤0.02
bω d 2.17)

1385
ρl = =0.0035<0.02
2000 175
1

[(
V Rd ,c =
0.18
1.5 )
2 × ( 100 0.0035 25 ) 3 2000 175=173.1кN ; ]
But not less V Rd ,c ,min according to the formula 2.18 [3]:
3 1
(
[
V Rd ,c ,min = 0.035 k 2 f ck2 bω d ] 2.18)

3 1
[ ]
V Rd ,c ,min = 0.035 2 2 25 2 2000 175=173.25 кN ;
Insofar as V Ed ,max <V Rd ,c ,min; 58.5 кN ¿ 173.25 kN we install transverse
reinforcement based on design considerations.
The step of the transverse reinforcement is determined by the formula 2.19 [3]:

s ≤ 0.75 d (2.19)

s ≤0.75  175=130mm
The layout of the transverse bars is shown in accordance with Figure 2.3.
From the condition of weldability of reinforcing bars, assign reinforcement in
the compressed zone A s 2 = 7.07с m2 (9∅ 10)S240 and transverse reinforcement A sω =
2.55с m2 (5∅ 10)B1.
12
Figure 2.3 - Layout of transverse bars

13
 3 Calculation of the transverse frame girder

3.1 Determination of forces in the transverse frame waler

Design scheme and loads. The transverse multi-storey frame has a regular
design scheme with equal spans of crossbars and equal lengths of racks (height of
floors). The cross-sections of the crossbars and racks by floors are also taken
constant. Such a multi-storey frame is dismembered to calculate the vertical load on
single-storey frames with zero points of moments by hinges located at the ends of the
racks in the middle of the length of the racks of all floors except the first. The design
diagram of the calculated frame of the middle floors is shown in accordance with
Figure 3.1.
The load on the girder from hollow-core slabs is considered uniformly
distributed, from ribbed slabs with more than four ribs in the girder span, it is also
evenly distributed. The width of the load strip per crossbar is equal to the step of the
transverse frames, in the example - 6.2 m.

Figure 3.1 - Design diagram of the transverse frame of middle floors

Calculation of loads per 1м2 of flooring is given in accordance with Table 2.1.
Calculate the design load per 1m of the girder length.
Constant: from overlap taking into account the coefficient
Reliability for the purpose of the building γ п = 0.95; 4.134  6.2 
0.95=24.3кN /м; от веса ригеля сечением 0.25  0.6м (ρ =2500кг/сm3) taking into
account reliability factors γ f = 1.1и γ n =0.95; 0.250.6251.10.95=3.9 кN /м. Итого
g=24.3+3.9=28.2 кN /м.
Timed tailored γ n=0,95; v=660,95=34,2кN /м, including long 4,2  6  0,95=24
and short-term 1.8  6  0,95=10,2кN /м.
Full load g+υ=62.4 кN /м.
Calculation of bending moments in the design cross-sections of the girder. The
supporting moments are calculated according to table 2, appendix 2 [1] for girders
connected to the columns on the middle and extreme supports rigidly, according to
the formula M=(αg+ßυ)l2. The tabular coefficients α and ß depend on the crossbar
14
loading schemes and the coefficient k - the ratio of the linear stiffness of the crossbar
and the column. The cross-section of the girder is taken to be 25X60cm, the section
of the column is 30X30cm, the length of the column is l = 4.0 m. Calculated by the
formula 3.1 [1]:

I bm∗l col
k= I ∗l (3.1)
col bm

b р∗h3р h4с
where I bm= I
; col=
12 12
I bm – deadbolt moment of inertia,
I col – column moment of inertia,
Lcol – column length,
Lbm – crossbar length
25 603 400
k= =3.8
30 303 700
The calculation of the supporting moments of the girder from a constant load
and various schemes of loading with a temporary load is given in accordance with
Table 3.1.
Span moments of the crossbar:
1) in the extreme span of the loading scheme 1 + 2, support moments М12=-144
кN *м, М21= -240 кNm; load g+υ=62.4 кN /м; lateral forces are determined by the
formula 3.2 [1]:
g +υ −M 12−M 21
Q1= 2  l (3.2)
l

62.4∗7 −144+240
Q1= 2
−
7
=218-13=205кN ; Q2=218+13=231кN ;
Maximum flight moment according to formula 3.3 [1]:

Q12
М= + М12 (3.3)
2(g+υ)

2052
М= −¿144=193кN *м;
262.4
1) in the middle span - loading schemes 1 + 3, support moments М23= М32=-230
кNm; maximum flight moment:
( g+ υ ) l 2 62.4 72
М= + М23= −¿230=153кNm
8 8
Diagrams of the moments of the girder with various combinations of loading
schemes are built according to the data in Table. 3.1. Constant load according to
loading scheme 1 is involved in all combinations: 1 + 2.1 + 3.1 + 4.
Redistribution of moments under the influence of the formation of plastic
hinges in the transom. A practical calculation is to reduce the girder bearing moments
by about 30% М21 and М23 according to loading schemes 1 + 4; in this case, the
formation of plastic hinges on the support is outlined. An alignment moment diagram
15
is added to the moment diagram of loading schemes 1 + 4 so that the supporting
moments are equalized М21 =М23 and the convenience of reinforcing the support
assembly was provided. Moment alignment plot ordinates:
ΔМ21= 0.3  317=95 кNm
ΔМ23=95-(317-292)=70 кNm;
wherein
ΔМ12=: -ΔМ21/3= 95/3=32 кNm
ΔМ32= -ΔМ23/3=-70/3= -23кNm;

Table 3.1 - Standard and design loads per 1m2 of the girder

The difference in ordinates at the node of the alignment moment plot is

transmitted to the struts. The supporting moments on the aligned moments diagram
are:
М21 = -125-32=-157кNm; М21= -317+95= -222кNm; М23= -292+70=
-222кNm; М32= -208-23=231 кNm.
The moments of flight on the leveled moment diagram can exceed the values
of the flight moments for loading schemes 1 + 2 n 2 + 3, then they will be calculated.
Support moments of the girder along the column face. On the middle support,
with a loading scheme of 1 + 4, the support girder along the edge of the column does
not always turn out to be calculated (maximum in absolute value). With a large live
load of a relatively low linear stiffness of the columns, it can be calculated for
16
loading schemes 1 + 2 or 1 + 3, i.e. at large negative moments in the span. The
required loading scheme for the calculated support moment of the girder on the
column face can often be established by comparative analysis of the values of the
support moments in accordance with Table 3.1 and the calculations can be limited to
this one scheme. Below are the calculations for all schemes.
Girder support moment on the middle edge on the left (absolute values):
1) according to loading schemes 1 + 4 and leveled moment diagram, we
determine by the formula 3.4 [1]:
−Q 2 h col
М21,1=М21 (3.4)
2

−228 0.3
М21,1= 222 2
=188кNm

( g+ υ ) l M 21−M 12
Q2= − (3.5)
2 l

62.4 7 −222+157
Q2 = 2
−
7
=218+10=228 кN ; Q1=218-10=208 кN
1) according to loading schemes 1 + 2

−120 0.3
М21,1= 187 2
=169кNm

g l M 21 −M 12
Q2= − (3.6)
2 l

2) according to loading schemes 1 + 2:

−Q 2 h col −2320.3
М21,1=М21 = 240 2 =205кNm;
2
62,4 7 −240+144
Q2= 2 − 7
=218+14=232 кN
Girder support moment along the edge of the middle column on the right:
1) according to loading schemes 1 + 4 and leveled moment diagram
−Q hcol −217 0.3
М23,1=М23 = 222 2 =190 кNm;
2
62,4 7 −222+231
Q= 2 − 7
=218-1.3=217 кN
1) according to loading schemes 1 + 2М23,1<M23 =-163 кNm;
Therefore, the calculated support moment of the girder along the face of the
middle support М=205 кNm.
The supporting moment of the girder along the edge of the extreme column
according to the loading scheme 1 + 4 and the aligned diagram of moments:
−Q 1 h col −208 0.3
М12,1=М12 = 157 2 = 126 кNm
2
Crossbar forces. To calculate the strength along sections inclined to the
longitudinal axis, the values of the transverse forces of the girder are taken, which are
17
larger from two calculations: an elastic calculation and taking into account the
redistribution of moments. On extreme support Q1=208 кN , on the middle support on
the left according to the loading scheme 1 + 4:

Q2=62.4  7/2 - ( -317+125)/7=246 кN

3.2 Calculation of the strength of the girder along the sections normal to
the longitudinal axis

Strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement. Heavy concrete, class

B25; design compressive resistance f cd=14,5 МPа; under tension f cdt=1,05МPа;
coefficient of concrete working conditions: γ b2 =0,90; elastic modulus 30 000МPа
(appendix 1 and 2)
Longitudinal working armature, class S300, design resistance f yd=365МPа,
elastic modulus Е,= 200000МPа.
Determination of the height of the cross-section of the girder. The height of the
section is selected according to the reference moment at, since the moment on the
support is determined taking into account the formation of a plastic hinge. The
accepted cross-section of the girder should then be checked by the moment of flight
(if it is greater than the reference one) so that the relative height of the compressed
zone is ξ <ξr and the re-reinforced uneconomical section is excluded. At ξ = 0.35,
find the value α m = 0.289. Determine the boundary height of the compressed zone is
determined by the formula 3.7 [3]:

ω
ξR = G SR ω (3.7)
1+ (1− )
G sec 1.1

where ω = 0.85 – 0.008×14.2×0.9 = 0.75

0.75
ξ R= 365 0.75 = 0.6
1+ (1− )
500 1.1
Working section height according to the formula 3.8 [3]:

M
d=¿
√ α m f cd b
(3.8)

where b - section width

20500000
d=
√ 0.289× 0.9× 14.2× 2500
Full section height according to the formula 3.9 [3]:
= 46 сm

h = d + c1 (3.9)

where c 1 – protective layer

h = 46 + 4 = 50 сm
18
 Middle span section.
For the moment M ed ,max = 153 кNm is determined by the formula 3.10 [3]:
M ed , max
α ed = ≤ α Ed ,lim ¿ ¿ (3.10)
f cd b d 2

x
where ω = 0.2327; ξ = d = 0.446
153000000
α ed = = 0.25 ≤ α Ed ,lim ¿ ¿ = 0.372
14.2× 250× 4602
The sectional area of the reinforcement is determined by the formula 3.11 [3]:

ω beff d
A s1 = f yd (3.11)
f cd

0.2327 ×250 × 460

A s1 = 435 = 874 mm2 = 8.74 с m2
14.2
We accept: 2 16 S500 ( s1 = 4.02 с m2), 2∅ 18 S500 ( A s1 = 5.09 с m2). A s1 =
∅ A
4.02+ 5.09 = 9.11 с m2.
Section on the middle support. M ed ,max = 205 кN ×м. It is determined by the
formula 3.10 [3]:
205000000
α ed = = 0.27 ≤ α Ed ,lim ¿ ¿ = 0.372
14.2× 250× 4602
where ω = 0.3398.
The sectional area of the reinforcement is determined by the formula 3.11 [3]:

0.3398× 250 ×460

As2 = 435 = 1276 mm2 = 12.76 с m2.
14.2
We accept: 2∅ 28 S500 ( A s 2 = 12.32 с m2).
Calculation of transverse reinforcement. Protective layers at the top and
bottom of the section, respectively c 1 = 40 mm, c 2 = 30 mm.
Let us determine the lateral force that concrete can perceive is determined by
the formula 3.12 [3]:
1
0.18 200
V Rd ,c =
[ γc ]
¿× k × ( 100 ρl × f ck ) 3 ×b ω × dk=1+
d
≤ 2 (3.12)
√
1
V Rd ,c = [( 0.18
1.5) ]
×1.7 × ( 100× 0.008 ×25 ) 3 ×250 × 460=63.68 кN ;

200
k =1+
√ 460
=1.7

As1
ρl = ≤0.02 (3.13)
bω d
19
 911
ρl = =0.008 ≤ 0.02
250 × 460

3 1
[ 2
V Rd ,c ,min = 0.035× k × f 2
ck ]× b ×d
ω
(3.14)

3 1
V Rd ,c ,min =[ 0.035 ×1.7 ×25 ] ×250 × 460=44.61 кN
2 2

Since the condition V Rd ,c ≥ V Rd ,c ,min is performed, we continue the calculation to

calculate the cross-sectional area of the transverse reinforcement and set the pitch is
determined by the formula 3.15 [3]:
a w = (V Ed ,max – V Rd ,c ,min )/(q+g) (3.15)

a w= (246 – 44.6)/62.4 = 3.23 м

First design section d z = 460 mm. V Ed in this section:
V Ed l/2
246 3.5
= l ; = ; V =246 к N
V Ed 1 −d z V Ed 1 3.5−0.46 Ed 1
2
f sw = f yw d

V Ed S
A sw = (3.16)
d z cot θ f sw

214000 ×50
A sw = = 117 mm2
460 ×167 × cot 40
where s = 50 mm (we accept in advance).
We accept: 2∅ 10 S240 ( A s w = 1.57 с m2).
Checking the condition:
A sw f sw
≤ 0.5 ν f cd (3.17)
bw s

ν f cd bw d z
V Ed ≤ V Rd ,max = (3.18)
cot θ+tan θ

f ck
ν = 0.6(1 – ) > 0.5 (3.19)
250

ν = 0.6(1 – 0.1) = 0.54 > 0.5

V Ed <V Rd ,max (3.20)

0.5 ×14.2× 250 ×460

V Ed=214 <V Rd ,max = = 432.5 кN
1.2+0.84
A sw f sw 157× 167
= = 2.1
bw s 250 ×50

20
 0.5 ν f cd = 0.5×0.54×14.2 = 3.8
2.1 < 3.8
Second design section d z = 2000 mm. V Ed in this section:
V Ed l/2
246 3.5
= l ; = ; V Ed 1=105 к N
V Ed 1 −d z V Ed 1 3.5−2
2
Determined by the formula 3.16 [3]:
105000 ×130
A sw = = 150 mm2,
460 ×167 × cot 40
where s = 130 mm (we accept in advance).
We accept: 2∅ 10 S240 ( A s w = 1.57 с m2).
We check the condition is determined by the formula 3.19 [3]:
f ck
ν = 0.6(1 – ) = 0.6(1 – 0.1) = 0.54 > 0.5
250
Determined by the formula 3.20 [3]:
0.5 ×14.2× 250 ×2000
V Ed = 105 <V Rd ,max = = 1880 кN .
1.2+0.84
A sw f sw 157× 167
= = 0.8,
bw s 250 ×130
0.5 ν f cd = 0.5×0.54×14.2 = 3.8.
0.8 < 3.8
Third design section d z = 3000 mm. V Ed in this section:
V Ed l/2
246 3.5
= l ; = ; V =26 к N
V Ed , i −d z V Ed 3 3.5−3 Ed 3
2
Determined by the formula 3.16 [3]:
26000 × 400
A sw = = 136 mm2,
460 ×167 × cot 40
where s = 400 mm (we accept in advance).
We accept: 2∅ 10 S240 ( A s w = 1.57 с m2).
We check the condition is determined by the formula 3.16 [3]:
A sw f sw
≤ 0.5 ν f cd
bw s
We check the condition using the formula 3.19 [3]:
f ck
ν = 0.6(1 – ) = 0.6(1 – 0.1) = 0.54 > 0.5,
250
0.5 ×14.2× 250 ×3000
V Ed = 26 <V Rd ,max = = 2821 кN .
1.2+0.84
A sw f sw 157 ×167
= = 0.3,
bw s 250× 400
0.5 ν f cd = 0.5×0.54×14.2 = 3.8.
0.3 < 3.8
The condition is fulfilled, therefore, the selected step and area can be accepted.
Design of transom reinforcement.
1) Determine on the middle support. The crossbar is reinforced with two
welded frames, part of the longitudinal rods of the frames are cut off in accordance

21
with the change in the envelope of the moment diagram and along the reinforcement
diagram. The plot of materials is shown in accordance with Figure 3.2.
We determine the bending moments perceived in the design sections,
according to the actually accepted reinforcement, it is determined by the formula 3.21
[1]:
M 2 ∅ 28 = f yd A s 1 ζd (3.21)

As1 12.32
where μ = = 25× 46 = 0.0107,
db
d = h - c 1 = 50 – 4 = 46 сm,
f yd 435
ξ=μ = 0.0107 = 0.34,
f cd 14.2
ζ = 1 - 0.34ξ = 0.83
M 2 ∅ 28 = 435×12.32×0.83×46 = 206 кN ×м
We determine the moments in the places of the theoretical break is determined
by the formula 3.22 [1]:
M 2 ∅ 12 = f yd A ' s 1 ζd (3.22)

As1 2,26
where μ = = 25× 46 = 0.006,
db
d = h - c 1 = 40 – 4 = 46 сm,
f yd 435
ξ=μ = 0.006 = 0.006,
f cd 14.2
ζ = 1 - 0.006ξ = 0.99

22
 Figure 3.2- Diagram of materials (reinforcement)

M 2 ∅ 12 = 435×2,26×0.99×46 = 45 кN ×м
Anchorage length is determined by the formula 3.23 [1]:

Qi
w= + 5d > 20d (3.23)
2q wi

where Q=190 кN - shear force at the break point

f yw d A swi 16700× 3.08
q wi = = = 5140,
s 10
190000
w= + 5×2,8 = 33 < 56 сm.
2× 5140
We take w equal to 56 cm.
2) Determine on the middle span. We determine the bending moments
perceived in the design sections, according to the actually accepted reinforcement, it
is determined by the formula 3.21 [1]:
M 4 ∅ 18,16 = 435×9.11×0.875×46 = 159 кN ×м,
As1 9,11
where μ = = 25× 46 = 0.008,
db
d = h - c 1 = 50 – 4 = 46 сm,
f yd 435
ξ=μ = 0.008 = 0.25,
f cd 14.2

23
 ζ = 1 - 0.5ξ = 0.875

Figure 3.3 - Arrangement of reinforcement in the frame

We determine the moments in the places of the theoretical break by the

formula 3.22 [1]:
M 2 ∅ 12 = 435×5,09×0.94×46 = 96 кN ×м,
As1 5,09
where μ = = 25× 46 = 0.004,
db
d = h - c 1 = 50 – 4 = 46 сm,
f yd 435
ξ=μ = 0.004 = 0.13,
f cd 14.2
ζ = 1 - 0.13ξ = 0.94
Anchorage length is determined by the formula 3.21 [1]:
f yw d A swi 16700× 3.08
q wi = = = 5140,
s 10
105000
w= + 5×1,8 = 19 < 36 сm.
2× 5140
We take w equal to 36 cm.
The arrangement of the reinforcement in the frame is shown in accordance with
Figure 3.3.

24
4 Column calculation

4.1 Determination of longitudinal forces from design loads

Load area of the middle column with a grid of columns 7×6.2 = 43.4 м 2.
Constant load:
- from overlapping according to the formula from 4.1 [1]:

N 1=γ n g A гр (4.1)

where g – constant floor load,

A гр – middle column cargo area
N 1= 0.95×4.134×43.4= 170 кN
- from the crossbar according to the formula from 4.2 [1]:

N 2=γ n γ f h р b р L р ρ (4.2)

γ f – coefficient equal to 1.1,

h р – crossbar height,
b р – crossbar width,
L р – crossbar length,
ρ – reinforced concrete density
N 2= 0.95×1.1×0.5×0.25×7×25 = 23 кN ,
- column dead weight according to the formula from 4.3 [1]:

N 3=γ n γ f h к b к H эт ρ (4.3)

h к – column section height,

b р – column section width,
H эт – floor height
N 3=¿0.95×1.1×0.3×0.3×4×25 = 9.4 кN
- from the coating is determined by the formula from 4.4 [1]:

N 4 =γ n γ f g покр А гр (4.4)

where gпокр – temporary load from the coating.

N 4 =γ n γ f g покр А гр = 0.95×1.1×5×43.4 = 227 кN ,
The total constant load is:
N пост = (170 + 23)×4 + 9.4×5 + 227 = 772+47+227=1046 кN .
Live load:
- from the overlap is determined by the formula from 4.5 [1]:

N 5=γ n γ f ϑ А гр nперекр (4.5)

25
 where ϑ – temporary design load
N 5=¿ 0.95×1.2×6×43.4×4 = 1188 кN
- from snow is determined by the formula from 4.6 [1]:

N 6=γ n γ f p Агр (4.6)

wherе p – snow load

N 6=¿0.95×1.4×1.2×43.4 = 69 кN
Longitudinal force acting on the column:
N = V Ed = N пост + N врем = -2303 кN .
The moment acting on the column is 205 кN ×м.

4.2 Selection of section and calculation of the sectional area of

reinforcement

Determined by the formula:

c1 c2
= =4/40 = 0.1,
h h
where c 1 and c 2 – column reinforcement cover,
h - column length.

N Ed
V Ed = (4.7)
(b h f cd )

V Ed = -2303000/(400×400×14.2) = -1.0

M Ed
a Eds = (4.8)
(b h 2 f cd )

a Eds = 205000000/(400× 4002 × 14.2) = 0.2

ω tot = 0.58

f yd
A s ,tot = ω totbh/( ) (4.9)
f cd

435
A s ,tot = 0.58×400×400/( ) = 3030 mm2
14.2
A s1 = A s 2 = 1515 mm2, accept 4∅ 32 S500 ( A s = 3217 mm2 ).
We accept transverse reinforcement constructively on the basis of the
following condition that the diameter should be at least 6 mm and not more than ¼
d max : ∅ 8 S240
The step is taken based on the conditions:
- no more than 400 mm;
26
- no more than the minimum side of the section;
- no more 20d min.
The step is taken equal to 400 mm.
Column reinforcement is shown in accordance with Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1- Column reinforcement

27
 5 Foundation calculation

5.1 Determination of geometric dimensions and selection of reinforcement

The standard load on the foundation is determined by the formula from 5.1 [3]:

N 2300
Nn = = = 2000 кN (5.1)
γf 1.15

where γ f – average load factor for the reliability,

N – longitudinal force on a column
2300
Nn = = 2000 кN
1.15
The depth of the foundation is determined by the formula from 5.2 [3]:

n
d = dθ
√∑
i=1
Mi (5.2)

where d θ – depends on the type of soil, equal to 0.28 m for sand,

n

∑ M i – average annual sum of negative temperatures

i=1
d = 0.28√ 9.8+8.7+ 1.5+5.6 = 1.4 м
The area of the base of the foundation according to the formula from 5.3 [3]:

Nn
A = R−γ d (5.3)
m

where R – design soil resistance equal to 0.025 кN /с m2,

γ m – the average load from the weight of 1 m3 of the foundation soil and the soil
on its ledges, equal to 20 10−6 кN /с m3
2000
A= = 90000 с m2
0.025−20 ×10−6 140
The length and width of the basement base are taken, in accordance with the
unification condition, in multiples of 30 cm equal to 450 cm.
We determine the useful height:
From the condition of punching shear strength according to the formula from
5.4 [3]:

N
d = -0.25(2h к) + 0.5
√ f ctd + p
(5.4)

N 6593
p= = 291600 = 0.011 кN с m2,
A
where f ctd – design tensile strength of concrete,
28
 р – design pressure on the base of the foundation,
h к – column transverse dimension
2300
d = -0.25240 + 0.5
√ 1.2+0.011
= 46 сm
From the condition of ensuring the rigidity of the column embedding according
to the formula from 5.5 [3]:
H = 1.5h к + 25 (5.5)

H = 1.540 + 25 = 85 сm
From the condition of anchoring according to the formula from 5.6 [3]:

H = 24d max + 25 (5.6)

where d max – maximum diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement of the

column
H = 243.2 + 25 = 101.8 сm
We accept the useful height of the larger of the three options, in accordance
with the unification condition, equal to 120 cm.
We determine the value of the coefficient using the formula from 5.7 [3]:

M Ed
α Eds = ≤ α Eds , lim ¿¿ (5.7)
f cd b d 2

M Ed = N Ed(b/8)(1 – c/b) = 2300(4.5/8)(1 – 0.4/4.5) = 1180 кN ×м,

d = h – c 1 = 120 – 7 = 113 сm
where b – width of the base of the foundation,
d – effective foundation height,
f cd – design axial compression resistance of concrete,
M Ed – moment acting on the foundation
1180 106
α Eds = = 0.015 ≤ α Eds , lim ¿¿ = 0.372
14.2 45001130 2
According to table B.1. Appendix B of [3] for normal concrete α Eds = 0.015 and
σ sd = f yd = 435 МPа. ω = 0.015
The area of the required area of tensile reinforcement according to the formula
from 5.8 [3]:
1
σ sd ( bd cd + Ed)
A st = ω f N (5.8)

1
A st =
(0.0154500113014.2 + 2300) = 2495 mm2
435
We accept 23∅ 14S500( A s=35.4сm2)
Determine the values of the minimum bending moments acting per unit of slab
width (1.0 m) mEdx and m Edy in the x and y directions, respectively.

m Edx =η V Ed =0.125 2300=288 kH / м (5.9)

29
 where η=0.125, column position - internal for mEdx at the top of the stove.

mEdx =0.125 2300=288 kH / м

Figure 5.1 - Side view of the foundation

m Ed
α Eds = < α Eds, lim ¿¿ (5.10)
f cd b d 2

z
w=0.015 , ζ = =0.984 , z =0.984 1130=1112mm
d
288 106
α Eds = =0.015<α Eds ,lim ¿=0.372¿
14.21000 1130 2
The area of the required area of tensile reinforcement according to the formula
from 5.11 [3]:
m Ed
a s= (5.11)
f yd × z

b eff =b=4.5 м , A s=as b eff =595 4.5=2678 ,which is less than accepted
23 ∅ 14 ( A s=3540 mm ) – the condition is met.
2

288 106 2
a s= =595 mm
435 1112
We check the shear strength of the foundation slab
We calculate the value of the maximum shear stress using the formula:

β ×V Ed
v Ed = (5.12)
u1 ×d

30
 V Ed=N Ed−σ 0 × A cont × 0.5 (5.13)

N Ed 2300
σ 0= = =114 kH / м
2
(5.14)
A 4.5 × 4.5

Acont =0.4 × 0.4+ 4 × 0.4 ×1.8+ π ×1.82=13.24 м2

V Ed=2300−114 × 1.2× 4.45=1692kH
where β=1.15−¿ middle column
N Ed 2300 2
σ 0= = =114 kH / м
A 4.5 × 4.5
Control Perimeter Length:
u1=4 × 0.4+2 × π ×1.8=12.9 м

β × V Ed
V Ed= (5.15)
u1 × d

1.15× 1692000
V Ed= =0.13 H / м м 2
12900 ×1130

V Rd ,c =[ 0.12× k (100 ρ1 ×f ck )1 /3 ] (5.16)

Figure 5.2 - Foundation reinforcement mesh

3 1
but not less V Rd ,c ,min =( 0.035 ×k 2
× f ck 2
) (5.17)

3 1
( )
V Rd ,c ,min = 0.035× 1.13 2 × 25 2 =0.21 H / м м 2

31
 200 200
wherе k =1+
√ d
=1+
√ 1140
=1.13 ≤ 2 ( d в mm )
ρ1= √ ρlx × ρly =√ 0.00078× 0.00076=0.0077≤ 0.02
ρlx , ρly −¿longitudinal reinforcement coefficients in x - direction and y -
direction respectively
35.4
ρlx = =0.00078 ;
400 ×113
35.4
ρly = =0.00076 ;
400 ×115
V Rd ,c =[ 0.12×1.13 (100× 0.00077 ×25)1/ 3 ]=0.17
H
V Rd ,c >V Rd ,c =0.17 2
>0.13 H / м м 2
мм
Since the magnitude of the maximum shear stress caused by the local
concentrated load is less than the design force that the section can withstand during
punching, the punching shear strength along the reference perimeter, measured from
the perimeter of the column, is provided.
Reinforcement of the foundation with mesh is shown in accordance with
Figure 5.2.

32
 6 Vertical stiffness diaphragm

6.1 Guidelines for calculating vertical stiffness ties

The spatial stability of the building can be ensured by a frame system if the
crossbars are installed between the columns in the longitudinal direction as well as in
the transverse direction, i.e. to be rigidly embedded in the columns to ensure the
perception of horizontal forces. In this case, the joints of the columns with the girders
in two directions are complex. If, according to the terms of the layout of the premises,
partitions are provided, then in their plane it is possible to put vertical stiffness ties,
replacing the crossbars of the longitudinal direction. Connections can be lattice metal
and solid reinforced concrete (diaphragms) with or without openings. The latter are
distinguished by lower metal consumption. In addition to being calculated in the
longitudinal direction as a cantilever equal to the height of the building, vertical
diaphragms must be checked for stability from the plane of the wall within the height
of one floor. For simplicity, vertical diaphragms can be considered loosely fixed in
the floor levels without being connected to the columns.

6.2 Collecting loads

Wind pressure over the projection area of the building at a height of up to 10 m

kH
– w 1=0.275 kH / м 2 , till 20 m– w 2=0.381 .
м2
Total forces in the section along the edge of the foundation from the wind load
acting in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the building on the facade wall with
a length of L = 62 + 0.4 + 2 × 0.3 = 63 m and a height of H = 20 + 0.6 = 20.6 m (here
0.4 m is the width of the column ; 0.3 m - thickness of wall panels; 0.6 m - height of
the contour of the combined roof).
Transverse force
Q w =63× [ 10∗0.275+ ( 20.6−10 ) 0.381 ] =428 kH
Bending moment
102
[
M w =63 × 0.275 ×
2 ]
+0.381 ×10.6 ( 10+0.5 ×10.6 ) = 4760 кH

These forces are absorbed by two diaphragms located between the middle
columns of the transverse frames and assembled from panels measuring 5.6 × 6 m
with a thickness of 0.2 m from concrete of class C12 / 15. For the consumption of
materials in prefabricated panels, it is possible to provide round vertical voids D = 80
mm, which are used as channels for communication. For example, the volume of
forty voids in one panel (floor) π × 0.04 2 × 4 × 40=0.8 м3 .
Reinforced concrete panel weight
G= ( 4 ×6.14 ×0.2−0.8 ) 2.5 × 9.8=100 kH
Diaphragm weight of five panels
N=5 × 100=500
33
 Plan and side view of the stiffening diaphragm in accordance with Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1 - Plan and side view of the stiffness diaphragm

6.3 Calculation of a vertical diaphragm with a height of 20 m

Console calculated length l 0=2 M =2 ×20=40 м. For class B10 concrete

f ck =12 М P а ; f cd =6.8 М P а ; Eb =24000 М P а ; γ b 2=0.9
Armature class S500 ∅ 10…40 с f yd =435 М P а ; E s=200000 М P а.
Coefficient of reduction of the area of reinforcement to the area of concrete;
200
α= =8.3 . Forces act in the lower section of the diaphragm;
24
428 4760 2380000
N=N 1=500 kH ,Q= =214 kH ; M = =2380 kH ; eccentricity e 0= =4760 mm ;
2 2 500
e ol =0.
The relative eccentricity is determined by the formula from 6.1 [2]:

e0
δ e= (6.1)
h

where e 0 - eccentricity,
h- length of reinforced concrete panel
4760
δ e=
6140

34
 But no less relative eccentricity, which is determined by the formula from 6.2
[2]:
l0
δ e ,min =0.5−0.01( +❑b 2 f cd ) (6.2)
h

where l 0 - calculated length of the console,

h- length of reinforced concrete panel,
f cd – design compressive strength of concrete
δ e ,min =0.5−0.01 ( 40000
6140
+ 0.9 ×6.8 )=0.37

The influence of the duration of the action of the load on the deflection at the
eccentricity of its action is taken into account by the coefficient according to the
formula from 6.3 [2]:
e0 l +0.5 h−a
φ l=1+ β N 1 (6.3)
N (e0 + 0.5h−a)

β - coefficient taken depending on the type of concrete according to table 30

[4],
N 1 — the same, from the action of constant and longed loads
3070−400
φ l=1+ =1.4
4760+2670
With symmmetric reinforcement
500000
ξ= =0.07 ; x =0.07 ×5740=400 mm
0.9 ×6.8 ×200 ( 6140−400 )
For the reduced I-section minus the voids
, ,
b =200mm ; b=200−80=120 mm ; h =690 mm; I =¿
f f

Minimum reinforcement determined using table 38 [2] for flexibility

40000
λ= =6.5 ;
6140
A,s= A s=0.002 ×120 ×5740=1378mm 2
Section geometrical characteristics:
1378 ( 5740−400 )2
I s=2 × =197 × 108 mm4
4
Conditional critical force, determined by the formula 6.4 [2]:

6.4 Eb I 0.11
N cr = 2
l0 [(
φl 0.1+ δ e /φ p )
+0.1 I s Es / E p
] (6.4)

6.4 ×24000 314 ×1010 0.11

N cr =
4000 2 [ 1.4 (
0.1+1.2 )
+0 .1 +197 × 108 × 8.3 =55440 kH ]
The value of the coefficient η, which takes into account the influence of the
deflection on the value of the eccentricity of the longitudinal force е0, should be
determined by the formula 6.5 [2]:
1
η=
1−
N (6.5)
N cr
35
 1
η= =1.01
500
1−
55440
e=1.01 × 4760+0.5 ×6140−400=7478 mm
The required symmetric reinforcement according to the formula 6.6 [2]:

N [ e−( 1−0.5 ξ h0 ) ]
A,s= A s= (6.6)
'
[ f (h −a )]
yd 0

500000 [ 7478+ ( 1−0 .5 ×0.07 ) 5740 ]

A,s= A s= =420 mm2 <1378 mm2
[ 435 (5740−400 ) ]
Structural reinforcement remains 8 ∅ 16 S500 с A s=1378 mm2
on every face.
Strength calculation of the diaphragm section inclined to the longitudinal axis.
Q=214 kH ; N=500 kH .
Checking the strength condition of the inclined strip between cracks according
to the formula 6.7 [2]:
Q
φ w1 = (6.7)
[ 0.3 ( 1−β × f cd ) γ b 2 × f cd ×b × h0 ]
214000
φ w1 = =0.18<1.4 ,
[ 0.3 ( 1−0.01× 6.8 ) 0.9× 6.8× 120 ×5740 ]
those. sustainability is assured.
Coefficient taking into account the influence of longitudinal compressive force
on the bearing capacity of an inclined section
500000
φ n=0.1 × =0.11
0.9× 0.73 ×120 ×5740
Transverse force perceived by concrete according to the formula 6.8 [2]:

Qb 0=φb ( 1+φ f +φn ) γ b 2 × f cd ×b × h0 (6.8)

5740
Q b 0=2 ( 1+0.11 ) 0.9 × 0.73× 120× =500 kH > Q=214 kH
2
Consequently, transverse reinforcement is not required by design.

6.4 Calculation of the diaphragm section within the floor height

l 0=H =4000 mm , N=N 1=500 kH , M =0.
Random eccentricity
4000 200 6.7 4000
e a 1=
600
=6.7 mm=e a 2=
30
=6.7 mm ; δ e =
200
=0.03<δ e, min =0.5−0.01
200 (
+ 0.9× 6.8 =0.24 ; φl=1 )
4000
Minimal reinforcement with flexibility λ= 200 =20 ;
A,s= A s=0.0025 ×6140 ×170=2610 mm2 ;
36
 2610 ( 170−30 )2
I s=2 × =26 ×10 6 mm4 ;
4
Conditional critical force, determined by the formula 6.4 [2]:
6.4 ×24000 3990× 1010 0.11
N cr =
4000 2 [
1.9 (
0.1+0.24 )
+0 .1 +26 ×106 ×8.3 ]
¿ 10600 kH ;
The value of the coefficient η, which takes into account the influence of the
deflection on the value of the eccentricity of the longitudinal force е0, should be
determined by the formula 6.5 [2]:
1
η= =1.05 ;
500
1−
10600
e=1.05 ×6.7 +70=78 mm .
The relative height of the compressed zone of concrete
500000
ξ= =0.08
0.9 ×6.8 x 6140 × 170
Требуемое сиmmетричное армирование по формуле 6.6 [2]:
500000 [ 78−( 1−0.5 ×0.08 ) 170 ]
A,s= A s= <0
435 ×140
According to the calculation, the reinforcement is not required, but it is
assigned for structural reasons A,s= A s=2610 mm2 . In addition to the previously defined
aperture 8 ∅ 16 S240 с A s=1608 mm2 need to add ∆ A s=2610−1608=1002 mm2 . With a
distance between the rods S = 200 mm, the required cross-sectional area of each
200
A s=1002× =34.9 mm2 , for example 1 ∅ 8 A-III с A s=50.3 mm2.
6140−400
Checking the strength of the section inclined to the longitudinal axis of the
panel: at random eccentricity e a=6.7 mm bending moment
M =N e a=500000 ×6.7=3350000 H∗mm , by its magnitude, it is possible to determine the
lateral force for a beam freely lying on the supports at
4M 5000000
l 0=4000 mm:Q= =4 × =5000 H .
l0 4000
500000
Coefficient φ n=0.1 × 0.9× 0.57 ×5540 ×170 =0.146
Transverse force perceived by concrete according to the formula 6.8 [2]:
170
Q b 0=2 ( 1+0.11 ) 0.9 × 0.73× 6140× =716213 H >Q=5000 H .
2
Transverse reinforcement parallel to the narrow panel edges is not required by
design. It is only necessary to supply structural transverse reinforcement - 6 ∅ S240 in
the plane of the diaphragm with a step - S = 2 × 200 = 400 mm, i.e. diaphragm panels
are reinforced with meshes - 200/400/8/3 with extreme rods - 4x3 ∅ 16 A-III, joined
by welding at the junction of the panels. Prefabricated diaphragm panels must be
checked for the forces that arise during lifting, transportation and installation. The
reinforcement of the stiffening diaphragm is shown in accordance with Figure 6.2.

37
Figure 6.2 - Reinforcement of the stiffness diaphragm

38
 CONCLUSION

As a result of the design of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures for a

multi-storey building, a number of optimal decisions were made, taking into account
the purpose of the structure, architectural and planning solutions, technical and
economic indicators, etc.
As a result of the course project, the layout of the structural scheme, the
calculation of the hollow-core floor slab, the cross-beam girders, the middle row
columns, the glass-type foundation, the stiffening diaphragm were completed, and in
the process, reinforcement along the normal and inclined section and the structural
dimensions of the above structures were obtained.
As a result, the following were determined:
- For a floor slab with dimensions 6160x1980x210 mm, working longitudinal
reinforcement in the tension zone - 9∅ 14S500( A s 2 = 13.85с m2 ¿, compression fittings 9
∅ 10S240 ( A s 2 = 7.07с m2 ¿ and transverse reinforcement 5 ∅ 10 B 1¿ ¿ = 2.55с m2 ¿;
 For girders with dimensions 6600x500x250 mm, working longitudinal
reinforcement - on the support section 2∅ 28 S500 ( A s 2 = 12.32 сm2), in span 2∅ 16
S500 ( A s1 = 4.02 сm2), 2∅ 18 S500 ( A s1 = 5.09 сm2). A s1 = 4.02+ 5.09 = 9.11 с m2,
transverse reinforcement -∅ 10 S240;
 For a column with dimensions of 400x400 mm, the working longitudinal
reinforcement is -4∅ 32 S500 ( A s = 3217 mm2), transverse reinforcement -∅ 8 S240;
 For the foundation of the glass type with the dimensions of the bottom
sole 4500x4500 mm, the longitudinal reinforcement of the mesh - 23∅ 14S500(
A s=35.4 сm2);
 For stiffness diaphragms with dimensions 6140x3800x200 mm, working
longitudinal reinforcement -8 ∅ 16 S500 ( A s=1378 mm2), structural longitudinal
reinforcement -8 ∅ 16 S240 ( A s=1608 mm2), transverse reinforcement - 6 ∅ S240.

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 LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Байков В. Н., Сигалов Э. Е. “Железобетонные конструкции (Общий

курс)” Учеб. для вузов. — 5-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Стройиздат, 1991. — 767
с.: ил.
2. Бондаренко В.М., Римшин В.И. Примеры расчета железобетонных и
каменных конструкций. Учеб. пособие/— М.: Высш. шк., 2006. — 504 с., ил.
3. НТП РК 02-01-1.1-2011 (к СН РК EN 1992-1-1:2004). Проектироваию
бетонных и железобетонных конструкций зданий и сооружений из тяжелых
(нормальных) бетонов, выполняемых без предварительного напряжения
арматуры
4. СП РК EN 1992-1-1:2004/2011 Проектирование железобетонных
конструкций.Часть 1-1. Общие правила и правила для зданий. Алматы 2015

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