One Word Substitution

1. One who is out to subvert a government :Anarchist.

2. One who is easily deceived :Gullible
3. One who does not make mistakes :Infallible
4. One who can do anything for money :Mercenary
5. One who has no money :Pauper
6. One who changes sides :Turncoat
7. One who works for free :Volunteer
8. One who is recovering from illness : Convalescent
9. One who is all powerful :Omnipotent
10. One who is present everywhere :Omnipresent
11. One who knows everything :Omniscient
12. One who loves books :Bibliophile
13. One who can speak two languages :Bilingual
14. One who loves mankind :Philanthropist
15. One who hates mankind :Misanthrope
16. One who looks on the bright side of things : Optimist
17. One who looks on the dark side of things :Pessimist
18. One who doubts the existence of god :Agnostic
19. One who pretends to be what he is not :Hypocrite
20. One incapable of being tired :Indefatigable
21. One who helps others Good :Samaritan
22. One who copies from other writers :Plagiarist
23. One who hates women :Misogynist
24. One who knows many languages :Polyglot
25. One who is fond of sensuous pleasures :Epicure
26. One who thinks only of himself : Egoist
27. One who thinks only of welfare of women :Feminist.
28. One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain :Stoic
29. One who is quite like a woman :Effeminate
30. One who has strange habits :Eccentric
31. One who speaks less :Reticent
32. One who goes on foot :Pedestrian
33. One who believes in fate :Fatalist
34. One who dies without a Will :Intestate
35. One who always thinks himself to be ill :Valetudinarian
36. A Government by the people ;Democracy
37. A Government by a king or queen :Monarchy
38. A Government by the officials : Bureaucracy
39. A Government by the rich : Plutocracy
40. A Government by the few :Oligarchy
41. A Government by the Nobles :Aristocracy
42. A Government by one :Autocracy
43. Rule by the mob :Mobocracy
44. That through which light can pass :Transparent
45. That through which light cannot pass :Opaque
46. That through which light can partly pass :Translucent
47. A sentence whose meaning is unclear :Ambiguous
48. A place where orphans live :Orphanage
49. That which cannot be described :Indescribable
50. That which cannot be imitated :Inimitable
51. That which cannot be avoided : Inevitable
52. A position for which no salary is paid :Honorary
53. That which cannot be defended :Indefensible
54. Practice of having several wives : Polygamy
55. Practice of having several husbands :Polyandry
56. Practice of having one wife or husband :Monogamy
57. Practice of having two wives or husbands :Bigamy
58. That which is not likely to happen : Improbable
59. People living at the same time :Contemporaries
60. A book published after the death of its author :Posthumous
61. A book written by an unknown author :Anonymous
62. A life history written by oneself :Autobiography
63. A life history written by somebody else :Biography
64. People who work together :Colleagues
65. One who eats too much :Glutton
66. That which cannot be satisfied :Insatiable
67. One who questions everything :Cynic
68. A flesh eating animal :Carnivorous
69. A grass eating animal :Herbivorous
70. One who lives in a foreign country :Immigrant
71. To transfer one's authority to another :Delegate
72. One who is a newcomer :Neophyte
73. That which is lawful :Legal
74. That which is against law :Illegal
75. One who is unmarried :Celibate
76. A game in which no one wins :Draw
77. A study of man :Anthropology
78. A study of races :Ethnology
79. A study of the body :Physiology
80. A study of animals :Zoology
81. A study of birds :Ornithology
82. A study of ancient things :Archaeology
83. A study of derivation of words :Etymology
84. Murder of a human being :Homicide
85. Murder of a father : Patricide
86. Murder of a mother :Matricide
87. Murder of an brother : Fratricide
88. Murder of an infant :Infanticide
89. Murder of self :Suicide
90. Murder of the king :Regicide
91. To free somebody from all blame :Exonerate
92. To write under a different name :Pseudonym
93. A thing no longer in use :Obsolete
94. A handwriting that cannot be read :Illegible
95. Words written on the tomb of a person :Epitaph
96. One who is greedy for money :Avaricious
97. Something that cannot be imitated :Inimitable
98. One who doesn't know how to read and write :Illiterate
99. A person's peculiar habit :Idiosyncrasy
100. An animal who preys on other animals : Predator
101. Violating the sanctity of a church : Sacrilege
102. One who can throw his voice :Ventriloquist
Effective Essay Writing Techniques
Why students fail in essay paper?

Majority of the students do not plan, organize and memorize the points of specific topics. On
the contrary, in the examination hall; they reluctantly choose the topic, vainly try to organize
the scattered material and nervously start writing.
Lack of time management (writing practice within three hours) causes anxiety which results in
improper handwriting, irrelevant material, disordered development of thoughts and recurring
grammatical mistakes with unstructured paragraphs.
THE MARKING SCHEME OF ESSAY PAPER:
The examiner looks into the following aspects of an essay:
1) Presentation: Hand writing, effective paragraphing
2) Language: Correction,Vocabulary,Punctuation,Conciseness,Sentence-structure
3) Knowledge: Facts & figures, Examples, Analysis, Arguments
4) Relevancy: Write the title words in outline.
5) Sequence: Introduction, present scenario, causes, effects, suggestions and conclusion.
DEVELOPING AN OUTLINE:
Now it is the student’s strategy to show all these five aspects in his outline to convince and
impress the examiner who can assess his\her art of writing an essay.
The student is supposed to develop a synopsis of a well thought topics within 30 minutes.
FORMAT OF DEVELOPING AN ESSAY RELATING TO ANY CURRENT ISSUE:
The essay paper mainly comprises of various types of national and international issues.
Therefore the following format is highly supportive;
1) Introduction (define the title with direct and exact way)
2) Present scenario (simply narrate few events)
3) Causes (starting from its past)
4) Effects (show the present state of crisis)
5) Solutions (reveal the future of problem)
6) Conclusion (Sum up the whole story)
--------------------------------------------------------------
In this essay, a model outline has been given for the convenience of the CSS students how to
make an outline.
EXTREMISM IN PAKISTAN
SYNOPSIS
Introduction: (Use marker)
Present Gloomy Scenario of Bloodshed: (use marker)
• Successful military operation in Swat
• Uncontrolled drone attacks
• Recurring suicide attacks
• Media hype (use adjectives) mention 3 to 4 main points
Factors contributing to this ‘Madness’: (Do not simply write ‘causes’ but self explanatory
sentence)
Aftermaths of Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
US assistance for ‘Jihadi’ Culture
Solo policy making by the dictators.
Misinterpretation of ‘Jihad’
Suicidal poverty
Chronic illiteracy
Logical Consequences of Growing ‘Menace’: (do not simply write effects)
i) At National Level (divide to make it clear)
Flight of capital
Nation-wide fear
Threat to democracy
ii) At International Level:
• Extremist image of Pakistan
• Nuclear program under threat
• Reinforcing Indian allegations
• American interference in our Policies
Pragmatic Solutions to convert this ‘Hell’ into ‘Heaven’: (Solutions)
i) At National Level:
Strong Parliament
Peace dialogue but use of force against Armed groups
Economic Development
Madressah Reforms
Positive Media debate
ii) At International Level:
Constructive role of OIC, SCO etc.
US should revise anti- Muslim campaign
Sincere interfaith Harmony
Constructive Role of Global Media
Conclusion: (Give futuristic approach)
The conclusion is the last paragraph of an essay. Although often brief in comparison with the
other paragraphs, the conclusion performs a number of very significant functions.
When writing a conclusion for your essay, it's helpful to keep these basic considerations in
mind:
• Your conclusion is the last paragraph that your reader will encounter.
• Your conclusion should remind your reader about the most important aspects of your essay.
• In most essays, therefore, your conclusion should creatively restate the main idea of the
essay.
• Your conclusion should also leave your reader even more interested in your topic and idea.
• For some essays, especially for persuasive or argumentative essays, it's particularly effective
to end your conclusion by directly addressing your reader with a question or call for action.
Be sure to spend a good deal of time planning and writing your conclusion. A strong conclusion
can resolve and fulfill your essay as a whole and make a real impact on your examiner.
CSS Tips & Tricks
Getting good marks in CSS exam is the aim of every CSS aspirant.
Magical Power of Sleep
As Abraham Lincoln said:
“Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other
thing.”
Compulsory subjects play a crucial
role in this respect. Saving for good position in CSS without scoring in compulsory subject is
like trying to harvest where you haven't planted.
In CSS, hardwork is not an option but necessity. However, without a proper direction,
hardwork becomes a Sisyphean struggle.
Today I'm giving you some tips for compulsory subjects. Hopefully, they'll help you a lot in
getting excellent marks.
English Précis
For some students it is the toughest subject. Most of the students are mortally afraid of
vocabulary, synonyms and antonyms. Enhance your vocabulary skill by practising vocabulary
drills in GRE books. Synonyms and antonyms will no longer remain a problem for you.
For idioms, in addition to buying some good books, try this website:
www.usingenglish.com
This site has vast collection of modern idioms.
For précis and paragraph, try to write one paragraph if not daily then every other day.
Remember, practice is the best instructor.
Citing quotations in paragraphs makes it impressive. For quotations you can buy any good
book or try this website:
www.brainyquote.com
Another good one is:
www.wisdomquotes.com
English Essay
For English essay, you must have excellent writing skills. Try to read columns of imminent
analysts in order to polish your writing skills.
.
“World Times” has rendered a great service to students by publishing articles of famous
columnists. Try to analyse their style.
While attempting essay paper, always make an outline of your essay. Try to quote passages
from well-reputed newspapers and magazines. There is a trend to write essays on topics
relating to the current affairs.
Divide your essay into paragraphs and write a good concluding paragraph at the end.
Summarise your whole essay in this concluding paragraph.
Current Affairs
Reading newspapers helps a lot in the preparation of current affair.
It is better if you can read columns and editorials of at least two or three well-reputed
newspapers (you can now access them on-line). A good site for that purpose:
www.pkcolumnists.com
This site contains up-to-date columns of various columnists.
“Times” and “Economist” are also very beneficial in this regard. In my opinion, “World Times” is
also indispensable for current affairs preparation.
For current affairs objective, buy books like “Who's Who and What's What”. My personal
favourite was “Jahangir's World Encyclopaedia”.
In current affairs paper, draw maps and make tables and flow charts. Try to write critical
analysis at the end of your answer. In critical analysis, summarise your answer as well as put
forward some suggestions.
Everyday Science
For everyday science, buy matric or O level biology, chemistry and physics books. Most of the
questions of everyday science paper are made from these books.
Good websites for everyday science are:
www.encarta.com
Www.howstuffworks.com
Try to practice as many multiple choice questions as you can.
Pakistan Affaris
For Pakistan Affairs, try to make notes from different books.
In paper, give headings and quote eminent historians like I. H. Qureshi, Safdar Mehmood etc.
The struggle of Pakistan by I. H. Qureshi and The Emergence of Pakistan by Chaudary
Muhammad Ali are good books for pre-partition period. Constitutional and Political History of
Pakistan by Hamid Khan and Pakistan: Political Roots and Development by Safdar Mehmood
are excellent for post-partition period.
A good website for Pakistan Affair is:
www.storyofpakistan.com
Islamiat
For Islamait, there are many good books available in market. Try to read Islamic edition of
various newspapers like “Dawn” and “News”.
In Islamiat paper, try to quote in Arabic. Make headings of your answer. Write in a good legible
handwriting.
I hope these tips will benefit you in your endeavour for good marks. May Allah bless you with
success. Ameen!
CSS Q&A

Hardwork and commitment are the prerequisite of this exam. The students need to seek
guidance from a single and qualified person, instead of going to many academies and meeting a
number of persons.
What are the problems of the CSS students in general?
Generally, the CSS candidates face two problems. First is subject selection and the other is time
management. Students are sometimes very confused regarding their subject selection which
hinders their proper management.
These students do not make any timetable and prepare some subjects without any planning. In
the end, they get very high marks in those subjects but just passing marks in other subjects.
This thing affects their efforts. As far as subjects are concerned, the students should opt for
scoring subjects as it is a competitive examination where one has to show his skills and
compete others. In this regard, the scoring marks of the last four or five years should be taken
into account before opting for the subjects.
Should the students join the academies for preparation?
Though CSS candidates require some guidance to polish their abilities yet there are some
exploiters present in the field. Commonly, the financial gains of the academies’ owners exploit
the abilities and capabilities of the students which result in the failure of many students. And
afterwards those academies do not take responsibility for their failure. In this context, the
students can go to the Civil Service Academy where they can meet the toppers and the
positions holders and take guidance. It is a fact that without guidance, it is difficult to go
through this competitive exam.
What steps are needed for CSS preparation?
Hardwork and commitment are the prerequisite of this exam. Sometimes, the students prepare
for a short time and then abandon it. In this way, they waste precious time of their life.
Secondly, students need to seek guidance from a single and qualified person. This matters a lot,
as I noted many times, when a student comes for guidance he is usually confused because he
has visited too many academies and met many persons. Such practices spoil students talent
and detrack him. Besides, the consultation of the past papers and syllabus is very vital. Through
this, the students know what is the pattern of the paper and what type of questions are usually
asked. By consulting the syllabus, the students know the right direction and prepare within its
limits. Before the final examination, students must go to the subject specialist and take a test
which is a base of this competitive exams, because in these tests, the evaluation of the students
and level of his preparation is judged.
What is the strategy for attempting English Essay?
Generally speaking, the topic of an essay describes each and every thing about its importance.
One should not be derailed while writing an essay from the beginning to the end. Avoid
unnecessary details because it leads to irrelevancy. The students should first grasp the topic
and then make an outline. The first paragraph should be about the introduction of the topic and
the next paragraph a short summary of your whole essay. In the third paragraph, give a reason
and support your answers by providing logic and relevant examples so your point of view can
be proved in a right way. Similarly, write the next paragraphs in the light of the third
paragraph. After writing a detailed essay, the second last paragraph should be based on
suggestion or contradictory opinion. The last paragraph ought to summarize the whole
discussion.
What is the key to get higher marks in the written as well as in the interview?
Following strategies are helpful for getting higher marks:
• Thorough study of the selected subjects
• Read comprehensive and authentic material
• Use the hand written notes in a short form
• Provide critical evaluation at the end of every topic
• Answer the question to the point
• Avoid irrelevant things and notes
• Choose scoring subjects like Geography
• Take test before the final exam of CSS
• Give quotations and figure and facts to support your answer
What optional subjects should be opted?
I advise the students to choose the scoring subjects which are helpful for English essay, general
knowledge, Pak Affair and other optional subjects. I recommend Geography because it
enhances the knowledge of the students about the world, its topography and characteristics.
This subject takes less time and on the other hand it is quite interesting and informative. It is
helpful in essay topics like Global Warming and other scientific topics. It is also beneficial to
understand the social, economic, physical and other phenomenon. And the importance of
Geography cannot be ignored in the interview.
Any message you want to deliver.
I think, geography should be compulsory for all students because it helps understand the
location of the world. If someone wants to study the Quran he must know the geography then
he will be able to know the each and every thing. Secondly, the CSS academies claim the success
of the toppers and the position-holders but on the other hand they don’t accept responsibility
of those students who are misguided and de-tracked by these academies.
TIPS BY TOPPER 2011 (Fahad Mumtaz)
1 .Choose your subjects wisely, half of the css is decided at the time you choose your subjects.
2.improve grammar, and avoid making spelling mistakes and focus on writing proper English
which can be done through
◦Reading news paper daily,
◦turning on T9 dictionary on your cell phone, so you write complete words rather than slang
◦400 to 500 hundred words vocabulary is more than enough,
◦to memorize new words use them in sentence, rather than only memorizing the words
3.Make your paper different, by
◦quoting different authors
◦starting your answer with a punch line
4.Introduction and conclusions are the most important part of the Answer, focus on making
these to parts, sound in knowledge and interesting to read.
5.Focus on Compulsory papers and try and score extra marks in these, so you end up increasing
your score by 20 to 30 marks,
6.Evergreen subjects:
◦Geography
◦psycholo gy
◦histories
◦languages
7.ForMCQs, try to solve Past papers of at least 10 years,
8.Dedicate at least four to eight hours daily on studying, depending on personal capabilities
9.In Current Affairs paper, try to quote situations, sayings, and figures
10.Try to focus on few subjects at a time, and finish your syllabus a at least a month before, so
you can revise.