Chem 1036 Final Exam May 6, 2017

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NOTE: There is an Information/Equation Sheet and Periodic Table for reference.

1
Information and Equation Sheet

R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K or R = 8.314 × 10–3 kJ/K mol

Kw = 1.0 × 10–14 F = 9.65 × 104 C/mol e–

Spectrochemical Series:
I– < Br– < Cl– < F– < OH– < H2O < SCN– < NH3 < en < NO2– < CN– < CO

∆Hsoln = ∆Hlattice + ∆Hhydration Sgas = kH ∙ Pgas

mass of solute moles of A
mass % = (100 ) XA =
mass of solution total moles
moles of solute moles of solute
M= m=
volume of solution kg of solvent

Psolution = Xsolvent (Psolvent) Tb = i∙ Kb∙ m

Tf = i∙ Kf∙ m 1st order: ln[A]t = ln[A]0 – kt

0.693
t 1/ 2 =
k
1 1 1 Zero order: [A]t = [A]0 – kt
2nd order: = + kt t 1/ 2 =
[A] t [A]0 k[A]0 [A]0
t 1/ 2 =
2k
k2 E  1 1  [product]
ln = a −  K=
k1 R  T1 T2  [reactant]
[product] Kp = Kc(RT)Δngas
Q=
[reactant]

pH = –log [H3O+] pOH = –log [OH–]

Kw = Ka x Kb [base]
pH = pKa + log
[acid]
q H system
S = S =
T T
S = nS
o o
products − nSoreactants G = H − TSo
o o

Go = −RT ln K G = Go + RT ln Q

Ho = nHfo (products) − nHfo(reactants) Go = nGof (products) − nGof (reactants)

E° = E°cathode − E°anode Go = –nFE°

0.0592 V 0.0592 V
Eo = log K E = Eo − log Q
n n
C=Axs

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1. Of the pairs of substances below, which pair involves ion-dipole attraction?

A. RbBr, LiNO3
B. C10H8, C6H6
C. KBr, H2O
D. KBr, C6H6
E. C6H11O6, CH3OH

2. Which of the following is NOT true of dispersion (London) forces?

A. They are present in all substance.

B. They are the reason NH3 has an unusually high boiling point for its size.
C. They are the main intermolecular force present in hydrocarbons.
D. They are responsible for gasoline (a hydrocarbon) being a liquid at room
temperature.
E. They are caused by the rapid movement of electrons within atoms and
molecules.

3. The vapor pressure of water at 25.0 oC is 23.8 Torr. A solution is prepared by dissolving
152 g of an unknown nonelectrolyte in 500.0 g of water (molar mass = 18.0 g/mol) to make a
solution that has a vapor pressure of 23.1 Torr. Determine the molar mass of the unknown
solute.

A. 181 g/mol
B. 86.9 g/mol
C. 103 g/mol
D. 115 g/mol
E. 36.0 g/mol

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4. An aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 (molar mass =164.1 g/mol) has a concentration of 1.97 M
and a density of 1.108 g/mL. What is its concentration expressed as molality?

A. 2.51 m
B. 1.78 m
C. 5.50 m
D. 6.39 m
E. 8.39 m

5. A 5.50 g sample of a non-electrolyte is dissolved in 250. g benzene. The freezing point of

this solution is 1.02 oC below that of pure benzene. What is the molar mass of the
compound? (Kf for benzene = 5.12 oC/m).

A. 22.0 g/mol
B. 84.0 g/mol
C. 220. g/mol
D. 44.0 g/mol
E. 110. g/mol

6. From the following list of aqueous solutions and water, select the one with the highest
boiling point.

A. 1.0 m KNO3
B. 0.75 m NaCl
C. 0.75 m Cu(NO3)2
D. 2.0 m C12H22O11 (sucrose)
E. pure water

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 7. What is the correct order for heat of hydration (Hhydration) of Ca2+, Al3+, and Br− with the ion
with the more negative heat of hydration listed first?

A. Br− > Ca2+ > Al3+

B. Br− > Al3+ > Ca2+
C. Al3+ > Ca2+ > Br−
D. Al3+ > Br− > Ca2+
E. Ca2+ > Br− > Al3+
F. Ca2+ > Al3+ >Br−

8. A certain chemical reaction involves reactants A and B. Using the following initial rate
data, what is the order of the reaction with respect to A and the order with respect to B?

Initial [A], M Initial [B], M Initial Rate, M/min

Experiment 1 0.200 0.100 0.0450
Experiment 2 0.400 0.100 0.0900
Experiment 3 0.200 0.200 0.1800
Experiment 4 0.400 0.200 0.360

A. first-order in A; first-order in B
B. third-order in A; first-order in B
C. second-order in A; first-order in B
D. first-order in A; second-order in B
E. first-order in A; third-order in B
F. second-order in A; second-order in B

9. Consider the following reaction energy diagram for a reaction A → B. Which energies are
correct?

A. H = +50 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 70 kJ/mol 80 80

B. H = –50 kJ/mol, Ea(forward)= 70 kJ/mol 70 70
C. H = +35 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 70 kJ/mol
E (kJ/mol)

60 60
D. H = –35 kJ /mol, Ea(forward) = 70 kJ/mol 50 50
E. H = +50 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 15 kJ/mol 40 40
F. H = –50 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 15 kJ/mol 30 30
20 20
G. H = –35 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 15 kJ/mol
10 10
H. H = +35 kJ/mol, Ea(forward) = 15 kJ/mol
A Reaction Progress B

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10. Consider the following mechanism for the oxidation of bromide ions by
hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution.

H+ + H2O2 H2O+–OH (rapid equilibrium)

H2O –OH + Br → HOBr + H2O (slow)
+ –

HOBr + H+ + Br– → Br2 + H2O (fast)

Which of the following rate laws is consistent with the mechanism?

A. Rate = k[H2O2][H+]2[Br–]
B. Rate = k [H2O+–OH][Br–]
C Rate = k[Br–]
D. Rate = k[HOBr][H+][Br–][H2O2]
E. Rate = k[H2O2][H+][Br–]

11. The reaction CH3NC(g) → CH3CN(g) is first-order. If it takes 10.3 minutes for
exactly one quarter of the initial amount of methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) to react,
what is the rate constant in units of min–1?

A. –0.135 min–1
B. 0.0279 min–1
C. 0.089 min–1
D. 0.135 min–1
E. 35.8 min–1

12. Consider the following balanced reaction:

4 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 N2O3(g)
If N2O3 is being formed at a rate of 0.030 M/s, at what rate is NO being consumed?
A. 0.015 M/s
B. 0.12 M/s
C. 0.030 M/s
D. 0.060 M/s
E. 0.023 M/s

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13. Consider the following system:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Ho = −92.94 kJ and K = 4 × 108 at 25 oC

Which of the following statements are true when the temperature of the reaction is increased
to 500 oC? There are two correct answers. Yes you will have two bubbles on your
scantron. Both must be correct to receive credit for the question.

A. K for the reaction will be smaller at 500 oC than at 25 oC.

B. At equilibrium, more NH3 is present at 500 oC than at 25 oC.
C. Product formation is not favored as the temperature is raised.
D. The reaction N2 with H2 to form NH3 is endothermic.
E. The equilibrium constant, K, does not change with the temperature increase.

14. The value of Kc is 144 at a high temperature for the reaction

H2 (g) + F2 (g) 2HF (g)

Determine the equilibrium concentration of HF if 5.00 mol of each of H2 and F2 are allowed
to come to equilibrium in a 10.0 L container.

A. 0.429 M
B. 0.858 M
C. 4.29 M
D. 8.58 M
E. 3.40 M
F. 0.340 M

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15. Carbon monoxide and chlorine combine in an equilibrium reaction to produce
the highly toxic product, phosgene (COCl2)

CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g)

If the equilibrium constant for this reaction , Kc = 248 at a particular

temperature, predict, if possible, what will happen at this temperature when the
reactants and products are combined with the concentrations shown.

[CO] = [Cl2] = 0.010 M; [COCl2] = 0.070 M.

A. The reaction will proceed to the right.

B. The reaction will proceed to the left.
C. The reaction is at equilibrium, and no change in concentrations will occur.
D. The container volume needs to be specified before a prediction can be made.
E. The temperature needs to be specified before a prediction can be made.

16. Magnesium hydroxide is used in several antacid formulations. When it is added to

water it dissociates into magnesium and hydroxide ions.

Mg(OH)2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq)

The equilibrium constant at 25 °C is 8.9 × 10–12. One hundred grams of magnesium

hydroxide is added to 1.00 L of water and equilibrium is established. What happens
to the solution if another 10 grams of Mg(OH)2 are now added to the mixture?

A. The hydroxide ion concentration will be unchanged.

B. The hydroxide ion concentration will increase.
C. The hydroxide ion concentration will decrease.
D. The solution will become supersaturated.
E. None of the above conclusions is justified without additional information.

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17. Calculate the pH of a 17.6 M solution of HC2H3O2 (Ka = 1.8 × 10−5)

A. 4.30
B. 6.40
C. 1.75
D. 0.97
E. 7.40

18. What is the pH of 0.60 M NH4Br? The Kb value for NH3 is 1.76×10−5.

A. 4.73
B. 2.49
C. 9.26
D. 11.51
E. 5.21

19. Which of the following statements concerning the reaction below is false?

HCO3−(aq) + C5H5NH+(aq) H2CO3(aq) + C5H5N(aq)

A. HCO3−(aq) and C5H5N (aq) both behave like bases.

B. C5H5NH+(aq) behaves like an acid.
C. H2CO3(aq) behaves like an acid.
D. HCO3−(aq) is the conjugate acid of H2CO3( aq).

9
20. What is the pH of a 0.20 M HA solution (Ka = 1.0×10–6) that contains
0.40 M NaA?

A. 3.15
B. 3.35
C. 5.70
D. 6.30
E. 8.00

21. When a solution of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 × 10−5) is titrated with a strong acid, the indicator used
should change color near a pH of

A. 0.5
B. 1
C. 13
D. 9
E. 7
F. 5

22. A 30.0 mL sample of 0.215 M HClO2 (Ka = 1.1 × 10−2) is titrated with 0.215 M KOH.
What is the pH at the equivalence point?

A. 7.50
B. 6.50
C. 8.15
D. 9.09
E. 4.40

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23. A weak acid HA is titrated with NaOH. The titration curve is shown below. What is the
approximate pKa value of the acid?

A. 5.0
B. 2.0
C. 3.0
D. 8.0
E. 7.0
F. Cannot be determined with the given information

24. What is the Mg2+ concentration in 0.10 M solution of NaF that is saturated with MgF2?
Ksp MgF2 = 6.4×10−9?

A. 0.050 M
B. 1.9×10−3 M
C. 1.2×10−3 M
D. 1.3 × 10−5 M
E. 1.3 × 10−11 M
F. 4.5 × 10−6 M
G. 6.4×10−7 M

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25. For the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) → PCl5(g),  Ho = = –86 kJ.
Under what temperatures is this reaction expected to be spontaneous?

A. no temperatures
B. high temperatures only
C. all temperatures
D. low temperatures only
E. cannot be determined with the given information.

26. Consider the following solubility equilibrium:

Al(OH)3(s) Al3+(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) Ksp = 2.0 ×10–31 at 298 K.

What is ΔGº (at 298 K) for the precipitation of Al(OH)3 according to the equation below?

Al3+(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) Al(OH)3(s)

A. –175 kJ mol–1
B. 14.7 kJ mol–1
C. 70.6 kJ mol–1
D. 175 kJ mol–1
E. −14.7 kJ mol–1
F. −70.6 kJ mol–1

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27. Use the given data at 298 K to calculate G° for the reaction:

2Cl2(g) + SO2(g) → SOCl2(g) + Cl2O(g)

Substance: Cl2(g) SO2(g) SOCl2(g) Cl2O(g)

H° f (kJ/mol): 0 –296.8 –212.5 80.30
S°(J/K∙mol): 223.0 248.1 309.77 266.1

A. 129.3 kJ
B. 133.6 kJ
C. 196.0 kJ
D. 199.8 kJ
E. 229.6 kJ

28. A reaction is proceeding towards equilibrium. At a certain stage, the concentrations

of reactants and products are such that G = G°. What conclusion can reasonably
be drawn about the reaction at this time?

A. K>Q
B. K<Q
C. K=Q
D. K=1
E. Q=1

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29. The following cell notation indicates:

Zn | Zn2+(1 .0 M) || Sn2+(1.0 M) | Sn

A. Oxidation occurs at the tin electrode.

B. Electrons will flow from the tin electrode to the zinc electrode.
C. The concentration of Zn2+ will increase.
D. The mass of the tin electrode will decrease.
E. None of the above.

30. A current of 0.15 A is passed through an aqueous solution of K2[PtCl4]. How long will it
take to deposit 1.00 g Pt(s)?

A. 1600 s
B. 3600 s
C. 4600 s
D. 13000 s
E. 3400 s
F. 6600 s
G. 2300 s

31. Consider the reaction:

2Ga(s) + 6H+(aq) → 2Ga3+(aq) + 3H2(g)

The potential of the cell, E, for the reaction given is 0.54 V. If the concentrations of the
Ga3+ and H+ are 1.0 M and the pressure of H2(g) is 1 atm, determine the E° for the
half-reaction: Ga3+(aq) + 3e− Ga(s).

Note: Eo = 0.00 V for the half reaction: 2H+(aq) + 2e− H2(g)

A. −0.54 V
B. −0.27 V
C. 0.27 V
D. 0.54 V
E. none of the above.

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32. Three metals, A, B and C, with solutions of their respective cations are tested in a voltaic
cell with the following results;
A and B: A is the cathode
B and C: C is the cathode
A and C: A is the anode
What is the order of the reduction potentials from the highest (most positive ) to lowest
(most negative) for the cations of these metals?

A. A>B>C
B. C>A>B
C. B>C>A
D. B>A>C
E. cannot be determined with the given information.

33. Examine the following half-reactions and select the strongest oxidizing agent
among the species listed.

Cr2+(aq) + 2e– Cr(s) E° = –0.913 V

Fe2+(aq) + 2e– Fe(s) E° = –0.447 V
Sr2+(aq) + 2e– Sr(s) E° = –2.89 V
Co2+(aq) + 2e– Co(s) E° = –0.28 V

A. Cr2+(aq) B. Fe(s) C. Fe2+(aq) D. Sr2+(aq) E. Co2+(aq)

34. What is the oxidation number of the transition metal in K[Cr(NH3)2Cl2(C2O4)] ?

A. 0
B +1
C. +2
D. +3
E. +4
F. +5

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35. What is the number of unpaired electrons in the low-spin complex, [Co(NH3)6]3+ ?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4

36. A transition metal complex has the formula [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. If the complex contains cis
and trans isomers, what is(are) the shape(s) of the complex?

A. octahedral
B. square pyramidal
C. tetrahedral
D. square planar
E. B or C
F. C or D

37. In-108 decays by ________________to produce Cd-108.

A. beta emission
B. positron emission
C. alpha particle emission
D. proton emission

55
38. 25 Mn can be prepared by electron capture from

55 54 55 55
A. 26 Fe B. 26 Fe C. 24 Cr D. 23 V

16
39. Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

246
96 Cm + 12
6 C → 4 01 n + ?

254 258 238 238

A. 102 No B. 102 No C. 98 Cf D. 90 Th

40. Which of these nuclides is most likely to be radioactive?

39 208 243 27
A. 19K B. 82Pb C. 95Am D. 13Al

E. None of the above (A-D) are radioactive.

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Answer Key:

1) C
2) B
3) A
4) A
5) E
6) C
7) C
8) D
9) G
10) E
11) B
12) D
13) A, C
14) B
15) B
16) A
17) C
18) A
19) D
20) D
21) F
22) A
23) A
24) G
25) D
26) A
27) D
28) E
29) C
30) F
31) A
32) B
33) E
34) D
35) A
36) D
37) B
38) A
39) A
40) C

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