AP World History Early Modern Unit Test Study Guide

Here are the key points from each chapter that you should know for the test.

Chapter 16
Reasons for Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther: His main teachings and his importance
John Calvin: His main teachings and his importance
Similarities and differences among Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Calvinism
Significance of the Jesuits
The Wars of Religion
Witch hunts, the two belief systems that led to them, and why women were targeted
Main ideas of the Scientific Revolution
Joint Stock Companies
Peasants in Early Modern Europe: freedom but worse conditions
Little Ice Age, its cause and effects
New crops introduced into Europe
Dynasties which ruled the Holy Roman Empire and France
Charles V and the Peace of Augsburg
Edict of Nantes
Henry VIII and the break with Rome
English Civil War: Who fought, why and with what result
Glorious Revolution in England: Cause and Result
Versailles and its significance as a “theme park” of absolutism
Result of warfare in Early Modern Europe
How European rulers financed their wars
Netherlands: independence, unification and significance to trade

Chapter 17

The Columbian Exchange

Effect of disease (esp. Smallpox) on native populations of Americas
Which territories in Americas were controlled by which European empires
Encomienda system – what it was and why it declined
Hidalgos, mestizos, mulattoes, creoles
Indentured servitude
French & Indian War – who fought it and what was the result
Tupac Amaru II
Purpose of English Navigation Acts

Chapter 18

Royal African Company

Atlantic System and its impact on four continents
Chartered companies: What they were and why they were used
Dutch West India Company
Effect of sugar plantations on slave trade
Plantocracy
Environmental impact of sugar plantations
Effect of European colonization on the Arawak and Carib
Enslaved people as percentage of islands’ population
“Seasoning” of enslaved Africans
Most common cause of death among slaves
What companies did to reduce risk of overseas trade
Mercantilism
Purpose of Navigation Acts
The Atlantic Circuit
Reasons for high mortality on Atlantic slave ships
What Europeans traded Africans for slaves
How Africans became enslaved
Slavery in Islamic world
Effects of slave trade on Africa

Chapter 19

Ottoman conquest of Constantinople from Byzantines 1453

Suleiman the Magnificent
Main rival of the Ottomans in the Mediterranean (Venice)
Devshirme system
Expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain 1492 & its effect on the Ottoman Empire
Role of the Ottoman sultan
Spread of Islam into the Balkans
Effect of American silver on the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century
Result of decline in Ottoman administrative control and rural disorder
Product traded from Arabian port of Mocha in 15th century
The Tulip Period
Mughal Empire and its religious composition
Babur
Reason for Mughal prosperity in 16th century
Steps Akbar took to facilitate religious reconciliation
Rise of Sikhism
Effect of rise of regional powers and princely states on Mughal Empire
Effect on Europeans of Mughal decline
Reason for simultaneous decline of Mughal, Ottoman and Safavid Empires

Chapter 20

Daimyo and samurai

Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea and China
Rise of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Mixed Japanese response to arrival of Jesuits
Closing of Japan to European trade and influence
Reasons for Tokugawa Japan’s instability
Reaction of 16th century European visitors to Ming China
Decline of the Ming
Rise of the Qing Empire
How the VOC (Dutch East India Company) gained favor of the Chinese emperor
Role of the Jesuits and Matteo Ricci in China
Reason for Qing struggle with Russia
Chinese ideas and items diffused to Europe in Qing period
Canton System
Reasons Britain wished to trade with China
The Macartney Mission
Environmental impact of Chinese population growth in 18th century
Title of Russian ruler
Cossacks
Impact of centralization of Russian Empire on the peasants
Peter the Great: his goals and motives
Russia’s desire for sea access and the Great Northern War
St. Petersburg