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339
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009
matrix (as shown in (3), except B16 and B26, all other flexural Governing equations can be written for half of symmetric
elements are same as isotropic materials). In the other words laminated disc as (6) and (7).
by using these arrangements in high speed disc or similar
applications, most uniform loadings, minimum stress wV r V r V T wV rz
UZ 2 r (6)
concentrations and minimum distortions can be obtained wr r wz
where as using uni-directional extended strength fiber wV rz wV z 1
composite layers. V rz 0 (7)
wr wz r
ª h2 h2 º
« U1 U4 B16 » Multiplying (6) by "ur" and integration from zero to "h/2",
ª B11 B12 B16 º « 22 2 » lead to governing equations for stretching and flexural as (8)
«B «h U h2 (3)
B22 B26 »» U1 B26 »
« 12 «2 4 2 » and (9) respectively.
«¬ B16 B26 B66 »¼ « h 2 »
« B16 B26 (U 1 U 4 )»
¬ 4 ¼ dN r 1 h
( N r NT ) U Z 2 r (8)
dr r 2
III. ROTATING DISC FORMULATION dM r 1 h2
Qr ( M r M T ) U Z 2 r (9)
Fig. 1 shows an example of laminated composite rotating dr r 8
disc fabricated from symmetric sequential quasi isotropic Using same method (multiplying by "uz" and integration)
layers (Fig. 1 shows N=3, arrangement [-60/0/60]s ). for (7) leads to (10) and (11). Equations (10) and (11) are
governing equations for shear and out of plane direction
respectively. Inter-laminar vertical stress between two halves
of symmetric disc (out of plane stress) can be noted as (12).
dQ r 1
Qr P(r ) 0 (10)
dr r
dR r 1
Rr N z 0 (11)
Fig. 1 Rotating disc fabricated from symmetric sequential quasi
dr r
isotropic layers (N=3, arrangement [-60/0/60]s ). where
P (r ) V z r , z 0 (12)
For steady state high speed rotating disc fabricated from
symmetric sequential quasi isotropic layers, three dimensional
By substitution of resultants as per (5) in equations (8), (9)
deformation functions can be expressed in "Tyler Series"
and (11), three partial differential equations as (13) will be
about "z" according to "First Order Theory". With respect to
obtained for laminated rotating disc.
symmetric lamination and isotropic properties of stretching
and flexural stiffness properties, (4) can be obtained. 1 1 1 1
a1ucc a2 uc a3 2 u a4\ rcc a5 \ rc a6 2 \ r a7\ cz a8r
r r r r
ur (r , z ) u (r ) z\ r ( r ) 1 1 1 1
b1ucc b2 uc b3 2 u b4\ rcc b5 \ c b6 2 \ r b7\ r b8\ cz
uT (r , z ) 0 (4) r r r r
(13)
1
u z (r , z ) z\ z (r ) b9 \ z b10r
r
By three dimensional "Hook´s Law" and integration of 1 1 1
d1uc d2 u d3\ rc d 4 \ r d5\ czc d6 \ cz d7\ z d8
equations, resultants can be expressed as (5). r r r
u \ Boundary conditions are as (14).
Nr A11u c A12 A13\ z B11\ rc B12 r N rT
r r r 0 o u 0 ,\r 0 , Qr 0
u \r (14)
NT A12 u c A22 A23\ z B12\ rc B22 N TT r a o Nr 0 , Mr 0 , Qr 0
r r
u \
Nz A13 u c A23 A33\ z B13\ rc B23 r N zT
r r (5)
Qr 2 2
K 5 A55 ( wc \ r ) K 5 B55\ cz IV. ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
Rr 2 2
K B55 ( wc \ r ) K D55\ cz Explicit analytical solution of (13) can be expressed in
5 5
exponential series. According to "Frobenius" theory [11],
u \
Mr B11u c B12 B13\ z D11\ rc D12 r M rT [12], explicit solutions are written as (15).
r r
u \r
MT B12 u c B22 B23\ z D12\ rc D22 M TT
r r
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009
f
rotating disc fabricated from symmetric sequential quasi
u (r ) ¦A r n s isotropic layers (N=3). This schematic non-scale deformation
n
n 0 shape is plotted based on analytical results of presented
f method and formulations.
\ r (r ) ¦B
n 0
n r n s (15)
f
\ z (r ) ¦C
n 0
n r n s 1
341
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009
Simulations and numerical results show that for relatively [9] A. Soyucok and Z. Soyucok, "Stress Distributed in Multilayered
Composites Near Loading Edges", Int. Appl. Mech. Vol. 44, No. 4, pp.
thin discs, presented three dimensional solution leads to 471-480, 2008.
deformations and stress field very similar to plane analysis. It [10] Yu. V. Kokhanenco, "Numerical Solution to the Buckling Problem for
shows robustness of proposed method. This modern tool of Sandwich Plate under Uniaxial Compression", Int. Appl. Mech., Vol. 42,
analysis enables rotating equipment engineers to study three No. 9, pp. 1045-1051, 2006.
[11] S. J. Farlow, "Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and
dimensional and especially out of plane stresses and Engineers", Dover Books, 1993.
deformations. Out of plane loading, inter-laminar stress and [12] E. A. Coddington, "An Introduction to Ordinery Differential Equations",
deformation, stress concentration near the edge and stress Dover Books, 1995.
singularities can be investigated by this analytical method.
This can provide valuable knowledge to develop laminated
composite materials for high speed impellers and other high
speed rotating machine applications.
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[1] M. W. Hyer, "Stress Analysis of Fiber- Reinforced Composite
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