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Interview Questions in Java ► August (3)


Posted by Parag Shukla at 10:29 PM ► July (1)

Q: What is the difference between an Interface and


an Abstract class? FOLLOWERS

A: An abstract class can have instance methods that


implement a default behavior. An Interface can only
declare constants and instance methods, but cannot
implement default behavior and all methods are
implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members
and no implementation. An abstract class is a class
which may have the usual flavors of class members
(private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract
methods.
.

Q:What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java,


and when is it used?
A:The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and
discard objects that are no longer needed by a program
so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A
Java object is subject to garbage collection when it
becomes unreachable to the program in which it is
used.

Q:What are pass by reference and passby value? Facebook

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Q:What is the difference between a constructor and


a method?
A:A constructor is a member function of a class that is
used to create objects of that class. It has the same
name as the class itself, has no return type, and is
invoked using the new operator.
A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It
has its own name, a return type (which may be void),
and is invoked using the dot operator.

Q:State the significance of public, private, protected,


default modifiers both singly and in combination
and state the effect of package relationships on
declared items qualified by these modifiers.
A:public : Public class is visible in other packages, field is
visible everywhere (class must be public too)
private : Private variables or methods may be used
only by an instance of the same class that declares the
variable or method, A private feature may only be
accessed by the class that owns the feature.
protected : Is available to all classes in the same
package and also available to all subclasses of the class
that owns the protected feature.This access is provided
even to subclasses that reside in a different package
from the class that owns the protected feature.
default :What you get by default ie, without any access
modifier (ie, public private or protected).It means that it
is visible to all within a particular package .

Q:What is an abstract class?


A:Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be
useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract
may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its
constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any
class with an abstract method is automatically abstract
itself, and must be declared as such.
A class may be declared abstract even if it has no
abstract methods. This prevents it from being
instantiated.

Q:What is static in java?


A:Static means one per class, not one for each object no
matter how many instance of a class might exist. This
means that you can use them without creating an
instance of a class.Static methods are implicitly final,
because overriding is done based on the type of the
object, and static methods are attached to a class, not
an object. A static method in a superclass can be
shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as
long as the original method was not declared final.
However, you can't override a static method with a

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nonstatic method. In other words, you can't change a


static method into an instance method in a subclass.

Q:What is final?
A:A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not
be subclassed. A final method can't be overridden when
its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final
variable (is a constant).

Q:What if the main method is declared as private?


A:The program compiles properly but at runtime it will
give "Main method not public." message.

Q:What if the static modifier is removed from the


signature of the main method?
A:Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error
"NoSuchMethodError".

Q:What if I write static public void instead of public


static void?
A:Program compiles and runs properly.

Q:What if I do not provide the String array as the


argument to the method?
A:Program compiles but throws a runtime error
"NoSuchMethodError".

Q:What is the first argument of the String array in


main method?
A:The String array is empty. It does not have any
element. This is unlike C/C++ where the first element
by default is the program name.

Q:If I do not provide any arguments on the


command line, then the String array of Main
method will be empty or null?
A:It is empty. But not null.

Q:How can one prove that the array is not null but
empty using one line of code?
A:Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty.
But if it would have been null then it would have thrown
a NullPointerException on attempting to print
args.length.

Q:What environment variables do I need to set on


my machine in order to be able to run Java
programs?
A:CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.

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Q:Can an application have multiple classes having


main method?
A:Yes it is possible. While starting the application we
mention the class name to be run. The JVM will look for
the Main method only in the class whose name you
have mentioned. Hence there is not conflict amongst
the multiple classes having main method.

Q:Can I have multiple main methods in the same


class?
A:No the program fails to compile. The compiler says that
the main method is already defined in the class.

Q:Do I need to import java.lang package any time?


Why ?
A:No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.

Q:Can I import same package/class twice? Will the


JVM load the package twice at runtime?
A:One can import the same package or same class
multiple times. Neither compiler nor JVM complains abt
it. And the JVM will internally load the class only once
no matter how many times you import the same class.

Q:What is Overriding?
A:When a class defines a method using the same name,
return type, and arguments as a method in its
superclass, the method in the class overrides the
method in the superclass.
When the method is invoked for an object of the class,
it is the new definition of the method that is called, and
not the method definition from superclass. Methods may
be overridden to be more public, not more private.

Q:What are different types of inner classes?


A:Nested -level classes, Member classes, Local classes,
Anonymous classes
Nested -level classes- If you declare a class within a
class and specify the static modifier, the compiler treats
the class just like any other -level class.
Any class outside the declaring class accesses the
nested class with the declaring class name acting
similarly to a package. eg, outer.inner. -level inner
classes implicitly have access only to static
variables.There can also be inner interfaces. All of these
are of the nested -level variety.

Member classes - Member inner classes are just like


other member methods and member variables and

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access to the member class is restricted, just like


methods and variables. This means a public member
class acts similarly to a nested -level class. The primary
difference between member classes and nested -level
classes is that member classes have access to the
specific instance of the enclosing class.

Local classes - Local classes are like local variables,


specific to a block of code. Their visibility is only within
the block of their declaration. In order for the class to
be useful beyond the declaration block, it would need to
implement a
more publicly available interface.Because local classes
are not members, the modifiers public, protected,
private, and static are not usable.

Anonymous classes - Anonymous inner classes extend


local inner classes one level further. As anonymous
classes have no name, you cannot provide a
constructor.

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Practical Assignment - 2
Posted by Parag Shukla at 10:06 PM

Atmiya Institute of Technology &


Science
Department of M.C.A.
M.C.A. Semester - III
630006 – Programming Skill - IV (JAVA)
Assignment – 2
Date : 28 / 08 / 2010
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1). Write a Java application which takes several
command line arguments, which are supposed to
be names of students and prints output as given
below: (Suppose we enter 3 names then output
should be as follows):
Number of arguments = 3
1: First Student Name is =Tom
2: Second Student Name is =Dick
3: Third Student Name is =Harry
(Hint: An array may be used for converting from numeric
values from 1 to 20 into String.)

2). Create an array that stores 20 prices, such as

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$2.34, $7.89, $1.34, and so on. Display sum of All


the prices. Display all values less than
$5.Calculate the average of the prices and display
all the values that are higher than calculated
average value.

3). A set of 5 words is given. Write a program to


reverse each word and arrange the resulting
words in alphabetical order.

4). A set of 10 names are given. Write a program


to delete the first three characters of the names
and arrange the resulting names in alphabetical
order and print them out.

5). Find the minimum and maximum values in an


array.

6). Demonstrate the use of stack class for


characters. Hint(Use array of Characters)

7). Write a Menu driven application in java for 2


dimension array.
1). Matrix Addition
2). Matrix Subtraction
3). Matrix Multiplication
8). Develop same application as in exercise 7
using 3 Dimensional array.

9). Write a Menu driven application in java that


demonstrate a use of Stack and Queue. (Hint :
Use Different class for Stack and Queue)
1) Stack
a. Push
b. Pop
c. Display Stack
d. Quit from stack
2) Queue
a. Insert
b. Delete
c. Display Queue
d. Quit From Queue
3) Exit

10). Write a class called Statistics, which has a


static method called average, which takes a
onedimensional array for double type, as
parameter, and prints the average for the values
in the array. Now write a class with the main
method, which creates a two-dimensional array
for the four weeks of a month, containing
minimum temperatures for the days of the

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week(an array of 4 by 7), and uses the average


method of the Statistics class to compute and
print the average temperatures for the four weeks.

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Assignment - 1
Posted by Parag Shukla at 9:39 PM

Atmiya Institute of Technology &


Science
Department of M.C.A.
M.C.A. Semester - III
630002 – Fundamental of Java Programming (JAVA)
Assignment – 1
Date : 28 / 08 / 2010
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Explain Following question in detail
1).Explain the features of java?
2).Explain how platform independence is achieved in
Java?
3).Explain the concept of data encapsulation,
inheritance and polymrphism in OOP?
4).Explain the difference between the variables of
primitive data types and reference data types?
5).Explain with an example, how an instance becomes
eligible for garbage collection?
6).Explain narrowing, widening and the mixed
conversion for numeric types in Java?
7).Explain different types of operator in Java?
8).Explain the use of labelled break and continue
statement?
9).Explain the use of keywords this and static.
10).Explain the use of finalize() method?
11).Explain the process of an instance creation
whenever constuctor is invoked by an application?
12).Explain wrapper class? What is difference between
wrapper class and primitive data type? List any 5
method of Integer wrapper class?

Write answer in one or two line


1).What is birth date of Java language?
2).Who is known as the father of Java language?
3).State different editions of Java with example?
4).What is the size of Char Data type?
5).Which operator is used to create an instance of a
class or an array.

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6).What is the default initial value of instance variable of


type boolean, numeric and reference?
7).Which method is invoked on an instance by the
garbage collector just before it deallocates the object.
8).Write a different syntax to initialize an 3 Dimension
array?
9).Explain following statement?
a). public static void main(String []args)
b). Box b1=new Box();
10).What is the diffrence between System.out.print() and
System.out.write()?

Fill in the Blanks


1). Object is an instance of a __________.
2). Java output generated by the Java Compiler is
__________.
3). Java application begin at method _________.
4). The output of compiling a Java file has as extension
of ________.
5). _______ command is used to run a Java application.
6). The size of long data type in Java is _______ bytes.
7). The result of adding 2 byte values will be of type
__________.
8). The _____ Statement is used in Java to make a
conditional transfer of control based on value of int.
9). Precision loss can occur when converting a ________
to type double.
10). The reference to the current instance is available to
instance methods and constructor using the keyword
_______.

Choose the best answer

1). Which of the following declares an array of


integers which holds the squares of the first ten
integers?
A. int[] squares = new int[] {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,
64, 81, 100};
B. int[10] squares = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
81, 100};
C. int squares = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81,
100};
D. int[] squares = new int {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,
64, 81, 100};
E. More that one of these

2). What is the value of this expression?


85/7*7+85%7
A. 7 B. 85 C. 86 D. 96 E. None of these

3). public static int f(int x)


{

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if (x<=0) return 0;
else return 1+f(x-1);
}

What is returned by the function call f(100)?


A. 1 B. 100 C. 10000 D. Exception thrown E.
None of these

4). What happens when a constructor is not


defined for a user-defined class?
A. You cannot instantiate the class.
B. There is a default constructor, which takes
arguments of the same type as the data members
in order.
C. There is a default constructor which initializes
data members that have basic types to false or 0
and reference types to null.
D. There is a default constructor which does not
initialize the data members.
E. None of these.

5). If int x has value 4 and int y has value 3, what


is the value of this expression? (x^y) + (y<<x)
A. 10 B. 11 C. 27 D. 55 E. None of these

6). public static void mystery(int[] v)


{
int len=v.length;
for (int i=0; i<len-1; ++i)
{
int min=i;
for (int j=i+1; j<len; ++j)
if (v[j]<v[min]) min=j;
int temp=v[i];
v[i]=v[min];
v[min]=temp;
}
}
What does the function mystery()do?
A. Quicksort B. Sequential search C. Selection
sort D. Insertion sort E. None of these

7). Suppose the array below is passed to


mystery(). What will it look like
after the first iteration of the outer for loop is
complete?
13 27 18 15 10 9 12 12
A. 13 27 18 15 10 9 12 12
B. 10 12 12 9 13 15 18 27
C. 9 10 12 12 13 15 18 27

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D. 9 27 18 15 10 13 12 12
E. None of these

8). public static int[][] process(int[][]


M)
{
int r = M[1][2],
c = M[2][1];
int[][] N = new int[r][c];
return N;
}

What is returned by the function to the above


when it is passed this matrix?
1 3 2 3
2 3 1 3
1 3 2 3

A.
0
0
0
B.

0 0 0
0 0 0
C.
0 0 0

D.

0 0
0 0
0 0
E. None of These

9). String s = "1.5678e3";


System.out.print(Double.parseDouble(s));

What is output by the code to the above?


A. 1567.8 B. 1.5678 C. .0015678 D. 1.56783 E.
None of these

10). Which of the following class is available in


java.lang package?
(Choose all that apply)
a). Integer
b). Float

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c). Double
d). byte
e). DataInputStream

0 comments
Labels: AITS, Assignment-1, Java, MCA 3 JAVA

Practical Assignment - 1
Posted by Parag Shukla at 1:28 AM

Atmiya Institute of Technology &


Science
Department of M.C.A.
M.C.A. Semester - III
630006 – Programming Skill – IV (JAVA)
Practical Assignment – 1
Date : 06 / 08 / 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1).write a program to find AVERAGE of 3 byte
type variable .
2).write a program to find sum of 5 short type
variable .
3).Write a program to perform different bit wise
operations
4.Write a java program that will compute the
amount of interest that is earned on an
investment over a period of 5 years. The value of
the investment at the end of each year is output.
5). Write a program to convert Fahrenheit to
Celsius. The formula for the conversion is as
follows: Celsius =( 5 / 9 ) * ( Fahrenheit – 32 )
6). Print out the alphabet and ascii value on one
line of output.
e.g. A 65 B 66 C 67….Z 90
7). Write a program that displays the divisors of
number, and then it prints the result.
8). Write a program to find primes nos. from 2 to
100.
9). Write program in java to generate following
output. Use Command line argument for this.
(Hint : Accept N number from user on command
line)
* *
* * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * * * * *

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* * * * * *
* * * *
* *
1 234512345
1 234 2345
1 23 345
1 2 45 *
1 5 * * *
1 2 45 *
1 23 345
1 234 2345 (Input : 3)
1 234512345

10). Write a simple java application to print a


pyramid. The first line has one character, 2nd line
has two characters and so on. The character to be
used in the pyramid is taken as a command line
argument.

A) Input : PARAG
Output :

P
P A
P A R
P A R A
P A R A G

B) Input : PARAG

P
A A
R R
A A
G G
A A
R R
A A
P

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