Qus1.  The secondary winding of which of the following transformers is always kept closed?

1. Current transformer
2. Voltage transformer
3. Power transformer
4. Step down transformer
Hide Explanation
Answer.1. Current Transformer
Explanation. If the current transformer secondary is not shorted when unused and kept open
then it can develop a very high voltage across secondary which may damage transformer
insulation.
 

Qus2.  If the supply frequency of a transformer increases, the secondary output voltage of the
transformer
1. Increase
2. Decrease
3. Remain the same
4. Any of the above
Hide Explanation
Answer.3. Remain Same
Explanation: The transformer is a static device that changes Voltage from one side of its coil to
the other at the constant frequency.
Frequency does not change because of the working principle of the transformer-based
on Mutual induction which happens without any change in frequency.
 

Qus3. Power transformers are designed to have maximum efficiency at

1. Full load
2. 50% load
3. 80% load
4. no load
Hide Explanation
Answer.1. Full load
Explanation: Power transformer are used for transmission as a step-up device hence they are
not directly connected to consumer therefore, load fluctuation is very less. So the power
transformer can operate on full load.
 

Qus4. The open-circuit test in a transformer is used to measure

1. Copper loss
 2. Winding loss
3. Total loss
4. Core loss
Hide Explanation
Answer 4. Core loss
Explanation: As the transformer is open-circuited there is no output. So the copper loss is
neglected as the no-load current is very less.
 

Qus5. The leakage flux in a transformer depends upon the value of

1. Frequency
2. Mutual Flux
3. Load current
4. Applied Voltage
Hide Explanation
Answer 3. Load Current
Explanation:
 In a Transformer, Core flux is the difference of primary flux and Secondary flux which
are opposite to each other in direction.
 So, some of the primary flux passes through the core and remaining becomes leakage
flux (Because Secondary flux forces it to get out of the core).
 The same is the case with Secondary flux. Now, flux is directly proportional to Voltage
and Current.
 When Current increases due to increased load (and voltage remains the same).Then both
primary and secondary flux increase. Because both of them increases, so their difference
remains the same. And all remaining flux is forced out. Hence leakage flux increases with
current, but Core flux remains constant.
 

Qus6. Lamination of the transformer core is made of

1. Cast Iron
2. Silicon Steel
3. Aluminum
4. Cast Steel
Hide Explanation
Answer 2. Silicon Steel
Explanation: 
Silicon steels are used for electrical transformer cores and cores of other electrical devices for the
following reasons:-
1. Low hysteresis loss.
 2. High permeability.
3. Virtually eliminated aging.
4. High resistance.
 

Qus7.  Breather is provided in a transformer to

1. Absorb moisture of air during breathing
2. provide cold air in the transformer
3. The filter of transformer oil
4. None of above
Hide Explanation
Answer 1. Absorb moisture of air during breathing.
Explanation: The primary function of the breather is to absorb air moisture during breathing.
 

Qus8. Which of the following losses varies with the load in the transformer?
1. Core loss
2. Copper loss
3. Both core & copper loss
4. None of the above
Hide Explanation
Answer 2. Copper Loss
Explanation:
 Copper loss is due to ohmic resistance of the transformer windings.
 The copper loss for the primary winding is I12 × R1 and for secondary winding is I22 ×
R2.
 Where I1 and I2 are current in primary and secondary winding respectively.
 R1 and R2 are the resistances of primary and secondary winding respectively.
 It is clear that Cu loss is proportional to the square of the current, and current depends on
the load. Hence copper loss in the transformer varies with the load.
 

Qus9. A transformer transform

1. Current
2. Voltage & current
3. Frequency
4. Voltage
Hide Explanation
Answer 2. Voltage  & Current
Explanation:
A transformer is a static device that is used to convert the voltage or current to a higher (step-up)
or lower (step down) level.
The Distribution Transformer, Auto Transformer, and Tap changing Transformer basically
belong to the family of Power Transformer with respective unique features.
In an Instrument Transformer, voltage or current on one side of the transformer, comparatively
high (therefore not suitable for direct measurement), is scaled down to voltage or current to
levels that is convenient for measurement with suitable instrumentation. Accordingly, the two
types of Instrument Transformers are the Current Transformer and the Potential Transformer.
Some applications may call for constant current (as in welding) or constant voltage. Such
transformers am called Constant Current and Constant Voltage Transformers.
 

Qus10.  Transformer core are laminated in order to

1. reduce hysteresis loss
2. reduce hysteresis & eddy current loss
3. minimize eddy current loss
4. Copper loss
Hide Explanation
Answer 3. Minimize Eddy current loss
Explanation:
 In a transformer, the eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the diameter of the
core.
 Larger the diameter, more the eddy current loss.
 Hence the transformer core is laminated so that the net effective diameter of the
transformer core reduces and thus eddy current loss can be minimized.

Ques 11. The essential condition for parallel operation of two single-phase transformer is that
they should have the same
1. KVA Rating
2. Turn Ratio
3. Polarity
4. Both 2 & 3
Hide Explanation
Answer 4. Both 2 & 3 
Explanation:
 The same turns ratio are required so that the open-circuit secondary voltages of the
transformers are closely matched in order to avoid excessive circulating currents when
the parallel connections are made.
  If the transformers are connected with different polarities then the two emf’s induced in
the secondary winding which are in parallel, will produce a short circuit current between
both transformers.
 
Qus12. A transformer has negative voltage regulation when its load power factor is
1. Lagging
2. Leading
3. Unity
4. Any of the above
Hide Explanation
Answer.2. Leading
Explanation:
 For leading power factor load, the secondary voltage increases slightly with an
increase in the load current. Thus for leading power factor loads, the regulation is
negative (raise in voltage as load current increases)
 When load is of the capacitive type, V2 > E2 & hence, regulation becomes negative.
 
Ques 13.  The main purpose of performing short circuit test in a transformer is to measure its
1. Copper loss
2. Core loss
3. Insulation Resistance
4. Total loss
Hide Explanation
Answer.1. Copper Loss
Explanation:
 Short circuit test is conducted to find the copper loss.
 It is calculated under the assumption that core loss is neglected.
 When SC test is conducted on the LV side it would require a larger voltage to get the
rated current.
 Hence core loss cannot be neglected in this case and wattmeter doesn’t give the copper
loss alone.
 Therefore to get accurate results that test is done on the HV side.
 
Ques 14. The short circuit test in a transformer is performed on
1. Low voltage side
2. High voltage side
3. Either 1 & 2
4. Both 1 & 2
Hide Explanation
Answer.1. High Voltage side
Explanation:
 Short circuit test is conducted to find the copper loss.
 It is calculated under the assumption that core loss is neglected.
 When SC test is conducted on the LV side it would require a larger voltage to get the
rated current.
 Hence core loss cannot be neglected in this case and wattmeter doesn’t give the copper
loss alone.
 Therefore to get accurate results that test is done on the HV side.
 
Qus 15. Flash point of transformer insulating oil should be more than
1. 100°
2. >140°
3. 75°
4. Below 75°
Hide Explanation
Answer.2. >140°
Explanation: Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and
has excellent electrical insulating properties.
As per standard rules, the flash point of transformer oil should be greater than or equal to
140 degrees.
 
Ques 16. Which of the following loss in a transformer is zero even at full load
1. Eddy current loss
2. Core loss
3. Copper loss
4. Friction loss
Hide Explanation
Answer.4. Friction loss
Explanation: Since the transformer is a static device so there is no moving part as a generator or
motor therefore, there is no friction loss.
 
Qus 17. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary is
1. Zero
2. Infinite
3. 1000 ohm
4. 100 ohm
Hide Explanation
Answer.2. Infinite
Explanation: In a transformer, the coils are not electrically connected therefore the resistance is
ideally infinite. BUT an auto transformer does the same using a single coil as primary with one
or more taps for secondary in different parts of the coil. In this case, the resistance will ideally be
ZERO, or a short-circuit if you will.
 
Ques 18. The efficiency of two identical transformers under load conditions can be determined
by
1. Short Circuit test
2. Open Circuit test
3. No Load test
4. Back to Back test (Sumpner Test)
Hide Explanation
Answer.4. Back to Back test (Sumpner Test)
Explanation:
 Back to Back test or Sumpner Test is done to test a transformer efficiency, heating &
voltage regulation on full load.
 It can be carried only when two identical transformers are available.
 The LV side of the two transformers are connected in parallel with each other and the
source is connected to the variable supply voltage.
 The transformers are kept in this condition for 48 hours and the temperature is
noted on an hourly basis and a curve is plot which should become constant after some
time also it should be within limit.
 
Qus 19. The transformer ratings are usually expressed in terms of
1. KW
2. KVAR
3. KVA
4. Volts
Hide Explanation
Answer.3. KVA
Explanation:
 The rating of any electrical machine shows its ability to carry the mechanical load
without showing any signs of overheating.
 There are two types of losses in a transformer
⇒Iron Losses
⇒Copper loss
 Copper losses ( I²R)depends on Current which passing through transformer winding.
 Iron Losses (Core Losses or Insulation Losses) depends on Voltage.
 This shows that the transformer is designed for Iron losses-rated voltage and copper
losses-rated current.
 since power factor is dependent on the load which is not stable.
  But KVA tells you the current rating of the transformer, regardless of the power factor of
the load.
 Hence, total transformer loss depends on volt-ampere (VA) and not on phase angle
between voltage and current
 That is why the transformer rating can be in kVA, and not in kW.
 
Ques 20. Which winding in a transformer has more number of turns?
1. Secondary winding
2. primary winding
3. High voltage winding
4. Low voltage winding
Hide Explanation
Answer.3. High Voltage Winding
Explanation:
 High voltage winding have more turns but they carry less current then Low voltage
winding transformer.
 If the input power is given to the HV side, then the voltage is stepped down.
 Similarly, if input power is given to LV side – the Voltage is stepped up

Ques 21. Oil is provided in an oil-filled transformer for

1. Lubrication
2. Insulation
3. cooling
4. both cooling and insulation
Hide Explanation
Answer.4. both cooling and insulation
Explanation: There are two main functions of the transformer oil
 Coolant: The copper coil in transformer carries a very high current and soon becomes
hot. So transformer oil reduces the temperature of the transformer hence prevent burning
of coil.
 Insulator: Transformer oil has a great dielectric strength so it can withstand with a quite
high voltage, so is used as a insulator in the transformer.
 
Qus 22. Iron loss in a transformer can be determined by
1. Open circuit test
2. Short Circuit test
3. Both 1 & 2
4. None of the above
Hide Explanation
Answer.1. Open Circuit test
Explanation: Open circuit test is also called a no-load test.
 It is used to determine the no-load losses (core loses in a transformer
 Since the no-load current is low therefore the copper loss is neglected in this case.
 
Ques 23. The path of magnetic flux in a transformer should have
1. Low resistance
2. Low reluctance
3. High Resistance
4. High Reluctance
Hide Explanation
2. Low reluctance
Explanation:
 Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of
magnetic circuits. It is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, but rather than
dissipating electric energy it stores magnetic energy.
 Low the reluctance, less the opposition to flux therefore more flux can pass through the
transformer core.
 
Qus 24.  Which of the following is not a part of transformer?
1. Conservator
2. breather
3. Exciter
4. Buchholz relay
Hide Explanation
3. Exciter
Explanation: Exciter is generally used for starting of motor. Since the transformer is a static
device and there is no moving part as in the motor. 
 
Ques 25. The noise of the transformer mainly due to
1. Cooling fan
2. magnetostriction in an iron core
3. Mechanical vibration
4. All of the above
Hide Explanation
2. magnetostriction in iron core
Explanation: Most transformers use laminated iron cores. The lamination may not all be tightly
“glued” together so that one or more may be free to slightly move or vibrate in response to the
force of the ac magnetic field. In other cases, the core material, ferrite or lamination, may exhibit
a slight “magnetostrictive” effect. 
 
Ques 26. In a transformer the primary flux is _______ secondary flux.
1. Greater than
2. Smaller than
3. Either 1 & 2
4. Equal to
Hide Explanation
4.Equal to
Explanation:
 The transformer is said to be a constant main flux device. It is due to the high
permeability and greater mutual flux which maintain a constant value.
 If you increase the load in the case of a transformer, the secondary will draw more
current and hence demagnetizing the core.
 If you increase the load in the case of a transformer, the secondary will draw more
current and hence demagnetizing the core.
 This, in turn, draws more current from the primary to maintain the main flux at a constant
value.
 Similarly,  for reducing the load, the secondary current decreases, and hence the primary
current also reduces.
 
Ques 27. What would happen if a transformer is connected to a DC supply?
1. No effect
2. Operate with high efficiency
3. Damage the transformer
4. Operate with low frequency
Hide Explanation
3.Damage the transformer
Explanation:
 A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction, in which you need a varying
magnetic field in a winding to induce an EMF in the secondary winding.
 In DC generally change in frequency with respect to time is zero.
 So a dc source cannot provide varying magnetic field, hence mutual induction is not
possible.
 Since the primary winding has a low value of winding resistance, the high value of
current flowing through it can damage the winding.
 
Qus 28. An autotransformer can be used as
1. Step up device
2. Step down device
3. Both step up and step down
4. None of the above
Hide Explanation
3. Both step up and step down
Explanation:
 Normal transformers have two winding placed on two different sides i.e. primary and
secondary.
 In Auto Transformer, one single winding is used as primary winding as well as secondary
winding i.e primary and secondary shares the common single winding.
 The primary is electrically connected to the secondary, as well as magnetically coupled to
it. Auto transformers are often used to step up or step down voltages upto 240 V range.
 
Qus 29. The friction loss in a transformer is
1. 20%
2. 0%
3. 50%
4. more than 50%
Hide Explanation
2. 0%
Explanation: As we know that transformer is a static device so there is no rotating part hence no
friction loss.
 
Qus 30. In an Auto Transformer, The Primary and Secondary are_______Coupled
1. Electrically only
2. Magnetically only
3. Both electrically & magnetically
4. None of the above
Hide Explanation
3.Both electrically & magnetically
Explanation:
 Normal transformers have two winding placed on two different sides i.e. primary and
secondary.
 In Auto Transformer, one single winding is used as primary winding as well as secondary
winding i.e primary and secondary shares the common single winding.
 Therefore the primary is electrically connected to the secondary, as well as magnetically
coupled to it.
Qus 31. Stones are provided in the substation to
1. To provide insulation
2. To avoid Fire accident during leakage of transformer oil
3. To avoid growing of plants and weed
4. All of the above
Hide Explanation
4. All of the above
Explanation:
  Oil leakage takes place during operation or when changing the oil in the transformer.
This oil spillage can catch fire is dangerous to the switchyard operation. So Stones is
provided to protect from  fire when oil spillage takes place.
 In plain grounds when grass grows it will form moisture and cause damage to
transmission lines and also cause current leakage. Stones eliminate the growth of small
weeds and plants or grass inside the Substation.
 
Qus 32.   A transformer on no-load is switched on to a source of voltage. It will draw a current
1. Which is several times the steady-state magnetizing current depending upon the initial
state of the residual flux in the transformer core.
2. Which is several times the steady-state magnetizing current depending upon the initial
state of the residual flux in the transformer core.
3. Which is the same as the steady-state magnetizing current.
4. Which is twice the steady-state magnetizing current provided the core has no residual
flux.
Hide Explanation
1. Which is several times the steady-state magnetizing current depending upon the initial
state of the residual flux in the transformer core
Explanation:
 Whenever a transformer is on no-load,i.e the secondary winding has no burden(load)
connected to it.
 The transformer must actually withdraw zero current from the primary side.
 But practically even on no-load, a small amount of current is drawn from the primary
side, to set up the required magnetic flux in the magnetic core.
 At no load, the transformer draws some current (Im) in order to establish the flux in the
transformer core which lags the applied voltage by 90° ( since flux is required to create a
magnetic pool in order to transfer energy from one port to another) called as magnetizing
current.
 This magnetizing current (no-load current) is about 3-5% of the full load current and it
accounts for the losses in a transformer.
 
Qus 33. Cruciform shape is used in the transformer core to
1. Reduce core loss
2. Reduce core reluctance
3. Reduce winding copper
4. All of the above
Hide Explanation
4. All of the above
Explanation:
Cruciform transformer

Cruciform core Transformer

 Cruciform core design reduces the net area of the core, decrease the I2R looses in the
transformer.
 The cruciform shape also reduces the mean length of turns thus provide a copper saving
of transformer.
 
Qus 34. Which of the following test is performed to determine the leakage reactance
1. Short circuit test
2. Open circuit test
3. Both Open circuit and short circuit test
4. Test by an Impedance bridge
Hide Explanation
1.Short circuit test
Explanation:
Short circuit or Impedance test

Short circuit or Impedance test

 Short circuit test or Impedance test is performed to determine
⇒Copper loss at full load
⇒Equivalent impedance (Zo1 or Zo2)
⇒Leakage reactance (Xo1 or Xo2)
  In this test low voltage winding is short-circuited by a thick conductor.
 Short circuit test is performed on HV side of the transformer.
 Low voltage (5 to 10%) is applied to the primary and slowly increase till full load current
are flowing both in primary and secondary.
 The ammeter reading gives full load current IL.
 Since applied voltage is small so flux (Φ) is also small therefore core loss is small hence
core loss can be neglected.
 
Qus 35. During SC test the Power Input to a transformer comprises predominately
1. Core loss
2. Copper loss
3. Hysteresis loss
4. Eddy current loss
Hide Explanation
2. Copper loss
Explanation: (For more detail check previous question)
 Low voltage (5 to 10%) is applied to the primary and slowly increase till full load current
are flowing both in primary and secondary.
 The ammeter reading gives full load current IL.
 Since applied voltage is small so flux (Φ) is also small therefore core loss is small hence
core loss can be neglected.
 
Qus 36. The maximum load that a power transformer can carry is limited by its
1. Voltage ratio
2. Temperature Rise
3. Cooper Loss
4. Dielectric strength of coil
Hide Explanation
Ans 1. Voltage ratio
Explanation:
 The amount of power a transformer can transfer depends primarily on the magnetic
properties and the volume of its core.
 This power is frequency-dependent and it scales essentially with P ∝ V ∝ F.
 For a given core size and core material (which also depends on the application),
the number of turns then determines the inductance and the capacitance of the primary
and secondary coils.
 In power applications, the number of turns in a winding is usually chosen in such a way
that the magnetic flux density in the core at the rated voltage is of the same order of
magnitude as the saturation flux density of the core material.
  Decreasing the number of turns would lead to saturation of the transformer core, losses
would rapidly increase, and finally, the transformer would stop operating as a transformer
altogether.
 When increasing the number of turns you will not fully utilize the core anymore (or,
alternatively, you can make the core slimmer), but at the same time, you need more
conductor material for the winding (remember that the thickness of the wire was
determined by the current rating!). So in effect, the transformer will become more bulky
and expensive.
 Smaller turn number means larger core but smaller winding volume, larger turn number
means smaller core but larger winding volume.
 
Qus 37. A shell-type transformer has
1. High eddy current losses
2. Reduce magnetic leakage
3. Low hysteresis losses
4. All of the above
Hide Explanation
Ans 2. Reduce magnetic leakage
Explanation:
  In shell-type transformer both the primary and secondary coils are turned in the same
core, i.e in the middle leg.
 Shell type transformer has a double magnetic circuit and three limbs.
 At first, either the primary or the secondary winding are wound around the middle leg,
and then above it the other one is wound. In this case, there is least possible leakage.
 When the primary side is excited, it would produce the flux that must cut the secondary
coil.
 Here at the time of production of flux it simultaneously cuts the secondary coil with the
least amount of leakage and produces the necessary output voltage.
 
Qus 38. A transformer can have zero voltage regulation closer to zero
1. On full load
2. On overload
3. On leading power factor
4. On zero power factor
Hide Explanation
Ans 3. On Leading power factor
Explanation:
 Voltage regulation is defined as the ratio of the difference between no-load voltage and
full load voltage to no-load voltage. Voltage regulation depends on the nature of the load.
For lagging and unity power factor V2 > E2.
where,
V2 = Secondary terminal voltage on given load.
E2 = Secondary terminal voltage on no load.
 As the load increase, it tends to become capacitive and V2 start increasing.
 Now at a certain point of leading power factor, V2 = E2, and regulation become zero.
 In leading, the power factor condition load is just able to supply the reactive power for
the active power flow. 
 
Qus 39. Natural air cooling is generally restricted for transformer upto
1. 5 MVA
2. 5 MVA
3. 15 MVA
4. 20 MVA
Hide Explanation
Ans 1. 1.5 MVA
Explanation:
 The natural air cooling method is also known as the self-cooled method.
 In this method, the heat generated by the transformer is cooled by the circulation of
natural air.
 This method of cooling is effective for smaller output transformer upto 1.5 MVA.
 Beyond that level, natural air cooling is not very effective and the transformer can be
heated upto a dangerous level which can cause serious damage to the transformer.
 
Qus 40. The size of the transformer core mainly depends on
1. Frequency
2. Area of core
3. Flux density of core
4. Both frequency and area of core
Hide Explanation
Ans. 4 Both frequency and area of core
Explanation:
From emf equation of transformer
E=4.44fNAB
Where
E= Voltage
f= frequency
A= Area of the core
N= number of turns
B =magnetic flux density
  In general, we can say
A=E/(4.44fNB)
 For the constant value of E,N,B if we increase F, then Area of the core will decreases
means the size of the transformer will reduce.
 Higher frequency implies faster MMF variations with time hence higher emf inducted on
coils, then for same voltage lower core area is needed or lower number of turns, in any
case, lower volume.

Ques 41. The transformer oil should have  _____ Volatility and _____ Viscosity.
1. Low & High
2. High & High
3. Low & Low
4. High & Low
Hide Explanation
Ans 3. Low & Low
Explanation:
 Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has
excellent electrical insulating properties.
 Volatility is quantified by the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly
related to a substance’s vapor pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with higher
vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with lower vapor pressure.
 Therefore the transformer should have low volatility.
 Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
 Low viscosity substance moves quickly.
 Therefore transformer Oil having low viscosity i.e greater fluidity will cool transformers
at a much better rate.
 
Ques 42. During the open circuit test of a transformer
1. Primary is supplied rated voltage
2. Primary is supplied current at reduce the voltage
3. Primary is supplied rated KVA
4. Primary is supplied full load current
Hide Explanation
Ans 1. Primary is supplied rated voltage
Explanation: 
 An open circuit test is performed to determine the iron loss in the transformer.
 In this method, the secondary of the transformer is left open-circuited.
 A wattmeter is connected to the primary.
 An ammeter is connected in series with the primary winding. A voltmeter is optional
since the applied voltage is the same as the voltmeter reading.
  Rated voltage is applied at primary.
 If the applied voltage is normal voltage then normal flux will be set up. Since iron loss is
a function of applied voltage, the normal iron loss will occur. Hence the iron loss is
maximum at rated voltage. This maximum iron loss is measured using the wattmeter.

Ques 43. Which type of winding is used in a 3-phase shell type transformer?

1. Rectangular Type
2. Cylindrical Type
3. Sandwich Type
4. Circular type
Hide Explanation
Ans 3.Sandwich Type
Explanation:
Sandwich Type Winding
 LV winding is placed close to the core which is at ground potential.
 HV section lies between two LV sections.
 Sandwich winding provide control over the short circuit impedance of the transformer.
 In sandwich coils, leakage can be controlled easily by bringing HV and LV coils close on
the same magnetic axis.
 Reactance can be reduced by increasing the number of sandwich coil hence mutual flux is
increased. 
 
Ques 44. The transformer laminations are insulated from each other by
1. Mica strip
2. Paper
3. Thin coating of Varnish
4. Any of the above
Hide Explanation
Ans 3. Thin coating of Varnish
Explanation: The purpose of providing a coating of varnish in windings are
 To keep moisture out of the windings to preserve insulation.
 To protect the windings from humming or vibrating when magnetized.
 To increase the electrical insulation and dielectric strength.
 Provide heat dissipation from coil.
 
Ques 46. Two transformers are connected in parallel. These transformers have different
percentage impedance. It is likely to result in
1. Loading in the transformer is not proportional to their KVA rating.
2. Short circuit in secondary
3. Higher copper loss
 4. Power factor of one of the transformer is leading while that of the other is lagging.
Hide Explanation
Ans 1. Loading in the transformer is not proportional to their KVA rating.
Explanation:
 If percentage impedance is unequal means one of the transformers has high impedance as
compared to other transformers.
 In this case, the transformer having high impedance will have a smaller amount of current
flowing through the windings.
 While Low impedance transformer offers a large amount of current to flow in the
windings.
 Therefore high percentage information will be lightly loaded while subjected to heavy
load.
 Whereas low percentage impedance will be overloaded for the same load.
 
Ques 47. Which of the following is the main advantage of autotransformer over a two winding
transformer?
1. Reduces hysteresis losses
2. Reduce eddy current losses
3. Copper losses are negligible
4. Saving of copper material
Hide Explanation
Ans 4. Saving of copper material 
Explanation: An autotransformer is built with only a single conductor, which serves both as the
primary and secondary coil. Thus, it saves the cost of extra wire for the secondary winding.
 
Qus 48. Which winding of the transformer has less cross-section area?
1. Primary winding
2. Secondary Winding
3. High Voltage Winding
4. Low Voltage Winding
Hide Explanation
Ans 3. High Voltage winding
Explanation:
 We know that current density is defined as the ratio of current to perpendicular cross-
section area through which current is crossing.
 Value of current density of HV winding is more in comparison to LV winding because of
better cooling of HV winding
 Since HV winding is placed far from the core in Comparison to LV winding which is
placed near to the core.
  Current density is inversely proportional to the area of the core so the thin wire is used
for HV winding.
 Therefore HV winding has Low cross-sectional area.
 
Ques 49. The core used in the high-frequency transformer is usually
1. Copper Core
2. Iron Core
3. Mild Steel Core
4. Air core
Hide Explanation
Ans. 4 Air Core
Explanation: 
 An air-core transformer is designed to be used at a high frequency, used in radio circuits.
 The currents are usually small but the voltages can vary.
 They can be used to change voltages, match one stage to other,  for matching antennas to
the radio circuit.
 They have many uses within a radio.
 
Qus 50. Harmonics in transformer result in
1. Increase core losses
2. Increases I2R Losses
3. Interference with communication circuits
4. All of the above
Hide Explanation
Ans 4. All of the Above
Explanation: We know that
  Inductive reactance XL = ωL = 2πfL.
 So as the frequency changes it also changes XL ( Inductive Reactance).
 And I= V/XL 
So if XL changes current also gets affected.
 Whenever high current flows and if the frequency is higher than normal than transformer
gets Overheated.
 Therefore Eddy’s current and Hysteresis Loss will increase in the transformer.