CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR

Arranged by

Group 6:

AdjiSetiawan 2173121001

AisyahFebrianti 2173321002

AnnisaFadhilahHarahap 2171121002

AyundaWulandari 2171121004

Widya Ade Gunayu 2173321049

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY

2019
 PREFACE

By calling on the name of Allah the Most Gracious and Most Loving, we hereby
praise His presence, who has bestowed His mercy on us, so that the writers can complete a
paper entitled "Critical Book Review".
The writers hope that the paper entitled "Critical Journal Review" can be taken so
that it can provide inspiration to the reader. In addition, your criticism and suggestions, the
author is waiting for the improvement of this paper later.

Medan, 21 March 2019

Writers

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ………………………………………..………...... 1

1.1 Background………………....………………………………………….………..... 1

1.2 The Purpose of the Paper………………....…………………………….……...…. 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION …………………………………………………...…... 2

2.1 The Identity of the Journal………………....………………………….…...…….. 2

2.2 Summary of the Journal ………………………………………………….……... 3

2.3 The Strengthness and Weakness of the Journal …………………........................ 3

CHAPTER III CLOSING ………………………………………………………..… 6

3.1 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 6

3.2 Suggestion ………………………………………………………………………. 6

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………... iii

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

From the perspective of systemic functional linguistics (SFL), lexical metaphors are
recognized as a resource for enacting interpersonal meaning in discourse. Within the
appraisal framework, they constitute a means for ‘provoking’ an attitudinal interpretation.
While the interpersonal function of lexical metaphors is well recognized in SFL, there have
been relatively few studies that focus specifically on their deployment in the construction of
recurring rhetorical strategies in discourse. This is explored in this study in the context of
media editorials. It is found that there are patterns in the choices of lexical metaphor, in the
values they provoke and the experiential entities these values couple with. The reinforcement
of these evaluative couplings in the flow of text functions to promote values similar to the
provoked ones

1.2 The Purpose of the Paper

 To criticize the journal that related to the lexical metaphor

 To improve our understanding about lexical metaphor
 To help student become more criticize in thinking

CHAPTER II
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 DISCUSSION

2.1 The Identity of the Journal

 First Journal

Title : Lexical Metaphor In The Novel Ayat-Ayatcinta Written By Habiburrahman

El Shirazy: Systemic Functional Linguistic Study.

Writer : Yayuknuriyanisudarko

Press : Wardamewa

Place : Universitas Mataram

Year : 2017

Pages :11-17

 Second Journal

Title : Metaphorical Expression In The Book Ngawur Karena Benar

Writer : M. Arif Rahman & Sabila Medina

Press : JEFL

Place : IAIN & Brawijaya University

Year : 2017

Pages :17 – 34

 Third Journal

Title : Lexical Metaphor as Affiliative Bond in Newspaper Editorials: a Systemic

Functional Linguistics Perspective

Writer : Feifei Liu

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Press : University of Technology Sydney

Place : Sydney

Year : 2018

Pages :1 – 14

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2.2 Summary of the Journal

Summary First Jornal

Systemic Function Lingutic (SFL) or often called as systemic is well-known as a

medium of useful descriptive and interpretive framework for viewing language as the source
of strategic power and giving meaning. In SFL perspective, language is a system of meaning
and system of other elements (form and expression) realizing the meaning itself. Besides, in
SFL perspective language is needed by human for three functions, such as to describe, to
exchange, and to construct experiences. Three of these functions plays crucial role to normal
human necessity and life principle. In SFL perspective, in essence, two concepts of language
is meaning and language is other elements (form and expression) are realized as social
semiotic, and language a congruent text (denoting and referencing) (Halliday, 1994).
Distinguishing aspects of SFL study from other fields of linguistic study within the concept
language as a system and other system are form and expression. These two aspects are based
on two foundational concepts, namely 1) Language is the form of social semiotic resulting
from the existence as social phenomena, and 2). Language is a form of construal text (mutual
relation of meaning referencing and denoting) to social context (Halliday, 1994). SFL refers
to language structure concenpt studying language as a social phenomena implied in the form
of social sxemiotic and construal text to social context with relation to how language is used.
Language used is considered to get along with appropriate function and need (Saragih,
2008:3).

Lexical metaphor indicates that lexical meaning is partly referenced to holistically

understand other concept. For instance, a snake is a lexeme, a crawling, scaly, entwining,
and poisonous animal (Saragih, 2006: 147).

Summary Second Journal

The journal entitled metaphorical expression in the book Ngawur Karena Benar, written by
M. Arif Rahman Hakim from the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN), Bengkulu and
Sabila Medina from Brawijaya University, Malang.

The goals of this journal is to make the study to be beneficial for enriching teaching material
on metaphorical in context expression. Because the data in this journal are taken from the
book Ngawur Karena Benar which contains many of metaphorical expression.
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This journal has many of reveleance theory which explain about metaphor itself and support
the research in finding metaphorical expression in the Book Ngawur Karena Benar. The
explanation in this journal is not only about the metaphorical expression but there are also
explanation about some topics that related to metaphorical expression and of course there are
some theory for it and the elaboration of the theory that written in this journal. It’s start from
understanding pragmatics which according to Argente and Payrato (1991,p. 467)
Understanding pragmatics in a very general sense, simply as the study of languange. And
then reader’s interpretation of literature text which according to Jousz, reader Interpretation
of a literature text determined by what he calls horizon reception. If we analyze more further
that of course every reader has this reception that might be different or same, build upon the
reader’s differences and assumptions. And then for the next is Language explanation what is
language and its relation to metaphor. After all of that basic theory are explained to the
readers then its time for the main topic the methaporical expression

Summary Third Journal

This paper takes an alternative perspective on the rhetorical functions of lexical meta-phor in
media editorial discourse. The rhetorical functions lie in its usage to provokeattitudinal
values. Lexical metaphor involves two fields. The literal field is more con-crete and common
to the mass readers. These common cultural backgrounds are as-sumed to be shared and
accepted by both the writers and the readers. Themetaphorical field, on the other hand, is
more abstract and uncommon to thesereaders. It is the play of these two fields that provokes
attitudinal values. The provokedLiuFunctional Linguistics (2018) 5:2 Page 12 of 14 positions
are the real stances of the newspaper. Lexical metaphor reflects the ways thateditorial writers
rhetorically position themselves and their putative readers.The provoked values establish the
grounds for the writers to affiliate the putativereaders with these implicit positions. The use
of lexical metaphor in the unfolding text in-dicates that the writers intend to covertly convey
some values to the readers by referringto some knowledge common to the readers. The
presentation of lexical metaphor is animportant signal of the affiliation process between the
writers and the readers. Lexicalmetaphor is used for rhetorical effects and therefore serves as
abondof affiliation. Lexicalmetaphors play a significant role in constructing and maintaining
the affiliative relation-ship between writers and readers. The expressions of lexical metaphors
in this editorialare predominantly used to emphasize the negative features of the Labor Party
and itsmembers. Their function to provoke negative values of them is a powerful device to
disaf-filiate the readers from this party. They invite the putative readers to either confirm
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theirnegative opinions or change their positive opinions of the Labor Party.Through lexical
metaphors the writers present a negative image of‘Labor’and invitethe readers to affiliate
with this view. The invitation process enables us to see the influ-ences of lexical metaphors
on constructing communities of shared values. In newspapereditorial discourse, lexical
metaphors are employed not only to unite readers but moreimportantly to justify controversial
issues and promote the positions of the newspapers.

2.3 Strength and Weakness of The Journal

I. First Journal

Strengthness

The first journal has a deep explanation about Lexical Metaphor, and clearly
discussion to collecting data about the Lexical Metaphor. And the diction word of this journal
are so easy to understand so make the readers will know about the discussion clearly.

Weakness

In the first journal, there are some weakness such us the diction word, there are some
word that hard to understand. I think there is one weakness from the first journal.

II. Second Journal

Strengthness

There are several strengthness in this journal, first is the dictions of words in this journal is
very easy to be understand so things that the author want to explain to readers are explained
correctly, second the explanation also are well organized so it would not confuse the readers
when read it. Third is there are so many of theory and references that support author’s
statements in this journal. And the last the author gives so many explanation of metaphorical
expression in the book Ngawur Karena Benar also the method and findings are clearly written
without any mistakes and complication in it.

Weakness

The weakness of this journal is in its scope limit. The authors just take the data from one
book only, not trying to involve another book in this journal to make the readers more likely
to become more clearly to what metaphorical expression
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III. Third Journal

Strengthness

The journal has so many references and a good comprehension about lexical
methapor. The way the author represent the materials is also briliant, which can make the
people much more easier to understand the material written in the book..

Weakness

This journal weakness is just on the example of material, it still lacks of example
although all of this weakness are covered by a good explanation, but this things are also
important to maintain readers satisfy,

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

In conclusion of the concept of metaphor as a kind of language attitude characteristic,

it can be said that lexical metaphor can be interpreted into various realisation which is in
general denoting two perspectives viewed phenomena.

Building on the result of data analysis on lexical metaphor and its relevance to
language teaching at school, some conclusions can be drawn on as elaborated in the
following. At the initial process of activity in identifying transitivity system in the text in the
novel Ayat-Ayatcinta, there were 274 clauses reached. There were also some types of
processes related to transitivity found, such as material process, mental process, relational
process, verbal process, and extential process. Furthermore, in identifying lexical metaphor
realisation, there were 154 clauses involving lexical metaphor realisation. There six types of
lexical metaphor with different concepts found, namely lexical metaphor with nominl-
nominal concept, lexical metaphor with nominal-verbal/verbal-nominal concept, metafora
lexical metaphor with nominaladjectival concept dan lexical metaphor with social or
ideological concept. The most dominant type of laexical metaphor realized was lexical
metaphor with nominal-verbal/verbalnominal concept. Based on the evidence of lexical
metaphor realisation in the text in the novel, it understandable that in literary text writing,
lexical metaphor with nominal-verbal/verbalnominal is dominantly used as certain event is
observed on as something animate involving action or activity.

3.2 Suggestion

Both of the journals has their own strengthnesses and weaknesses, they has still the
good inside. It depends on what we need.

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 REFERENCES

 lexical metaphor in the novel ayat-ayatcinta written by habiburrahman el shirazy:

systemic functional linguistic study ,YayukNuriyaniSudarkoUniversitasMataram.

 Metaphorical Expressions in the Book Ngawur Karena Benar by Sujiwo Tejo: A

Pragmatic Approach written by M. Arif Rahman Hakim , Sabila Medina State
Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN), Bengkulu & Brawijaya University, Malang

 Lexical metaphor as affiliative bond in newspaper editorials: a systemic functional

linguistics perspective written by Feifei Liu Faculty of Arts and Social
Sciences,University of Technology Sydney,Sydney, Australia

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